)cr ,//y

WORLDS TRADF. NUMBER

NEW YORK- LONDON

■^

A Conservative l-f

[^
in the only ;|

RUBBER INVESTMENT

American Rubber Corporation

is offered by the

PERU.PAR A RUBBER COMPANY

PERU-PARA RUBBER CO,

actually controlling "PRESENT RUBBER" |S

Which bases its claims to your consideration on \^

aciual (not prospective) rubber, large and valu- i

able grants from the Peruvian government, heavily 4

stocked with full grown "PARA" rubber, and a .i

conservative administration conducted by success-
ful and responsible American business men.

If you are interested, the fullest facilities for inves-
tigation will be afforded. j|

^

Prospectus on application to ■ ^

512 Ashland Block ,.^
CHICAGO \ f

^^^^^^^'^^i^^^^m^'^^^^-^^^^^^^^^^^i^^^^^^'^^^^^^^

rOU ARE LOSING MONEY

thru your coal pile — your supplies —
your products. LET ME SHOW YOU.

FRED'K J. MAYWALD, F. C. S.

CONSULTING CHEMIST.
J9 Pine St., ■Phooe. 823 John, N. Y. CITY,

TABLE OF CONTENTS 464
BUYERS' DIRECTORY 52

f)f

NOT A

,P

RAIN COAT

UNLESS THIS CIHCTrLAB
REGISTERED TRADE-
MASK IS STAMPED ON
THE INSIDE.

V)

01

I. gZ
3 J

"

v>0

>•

Edited by HENRY C. PEARSON - Offices, No. 395 Broadway, NEW YORK.

Vol. XXXIX. No. I.

OCTOBER 1, 1908.

le TENTS 'S-OO P*r Y**!-

35 CENTS. ,g jjj Abwad.

THERMOID BRAKE LINING

WILL NOT BURN— CRIPS INSTANTLY— LASTS ALMOST INDEFINITELY

PACKINGS OF MERIT

BLACK BARE black SHEET
THERMIDOR reo SHEET

LAMPBLACKS ESPECIALLY FOR RUBBER MANUFACTURE

SAMUEL CABOT, BOSTON, MASS.

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

MARK OF OUALfTY

ESTABLIS HED 18 64

BFECIAL ATTENTIOH OITEH TO XZPOKT BUSINESS! C0B££8P0NI>EMCE AMD nrftUIBIES SOLICITED.

The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal

MANUFACTURERS OF

njyiiTi

ALL KINDS OF HIGH GRADE GENERAL RUBBER GOODS

AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE

Celebrated "CANADIAN" Rubbers

Factory and Executive Offices:

MONTREAL, P. Q.

InTentlons kindred to tUc Trade
and Ideas for deTelopment. Inrlted.
Our DeTelopment Department ^rea
tbese matters special attention.

S. LOBITE KoOIBBOH,
Tlce-Pret. & iIajui{ruiK Director.

We are always open to correspond
with experienced Rubber men, botli
for Factory and Executive Work.

nadlan Sale* Branches: HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL, Que., TORONTO, Onl., WINNIPEG, Man., RECINA, SASK.,
CALCARY, Alta., VANCOUVER, B. C, VICTORIA, B. C.

3. C. NICHOLSOW, M. 0. MTTLULaKY, E. J. TOUNGE, E. IXOTD JONES,

Uanager Heohanical Oooda. Manager Footwear Dept. Sales Manager. Sect,-Treaj.

B. LOEWENTHAL <a COMPANY

NEW YORK. 450 Greenwich St. BUY AND SELL C/^Tl A Tl nTTDDITn

CHICAGO. 162 5th Avenue IN any GRADE oLKA" KUDDLK

NEW YORK. 450 Greenwich St.
CHICAGO, 162 5th Avenue

Cable Addresb "Gyblowell" New York. Lieber's Code Used.
Telephone: 492S Spring.-

RUBBER MAKERS' Necessities and Sup-
plies for Producers of Surfacers, for
Waterproofing, Saturating Materials and
Electrical Insulating Purposes, viz:

RUBBER SURROGATES

White and Brown
SULPHURETTE-ANTIMONY

Qolden and Crimson
RED OXIDE
HYPO BLACK
CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR
GENUINE LITHARGE

Powdered and Flake
SULPHUR

VEGETABLE BLACKS
BLACK FILLER
BISULPHIDE CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE CARBON

LIME FLOUR
PIGMENTS

Standard and Brilliant
VERMILION

ROSIN Chemically Treated
SHELLAC

QILSONITE ASPHALTUM
HYDRO CARBON
MINERAL RUBBER
ELASTIC COMPOUND
COMPO BLACK
WAXES, Ceresine, Ozokerite
VARNISH MAKERS' SUPPLIES
INSULATING COMPOUNDS

PLEASE WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS

We are aleft to present unkoown natural prodncts to the producers of
rubber goods and others so toon as our investigating department finds
them of sufficient interest.

William H. Scheel

Reiittered
Cablegram
Address,
"OBLIGATO.'
New YorK

jMercbant

Telephone

Call

840 John

159 Maiden Lane and 37 Fletcher Street
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U. S. A.

ADOLF»H HIRSCH <fe CO.

Importers and Dealera In

Brazil Manicoba and Sheet Rubber

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS

BRIDGE ARCH, 17 Frankfort St., NEW YORK

Teleiihone 8198 Beekman . Cable Address 'AdUrscbco'

PHILADELPHIA. PA.

Mills: GERMANTOWM AND KENSINGTON

Reclaimers
NON ACID Process

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

"EVERLASTING"
Blow -Off Valves

Used to-day by
Leading Rubber
Factories for
Blow-off Valves
on Main Hose
Vulcanizers

SAVE YOUR MECHANICAL
MAN TIME AND TROUBLE

Sales Agent :

OSGOOD SAYEN

421 Arcade Building PHILADELPHIA

October i, igoS]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

1

Guru-PtB'^

Published on the 1st of each Month by

THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING GO.,

No. 395 BROADWAY. NEW YORK.
CABLE ADDRESS: IRWORLD. NEW YORK.

HENRY C. PEARSON,
EDITOR.

HAWTHORNE HILL,
ASSOCIATE.

Vol. 39.

OCTOBER 1. 1908.

No. 1.

Subscriptions : $3.00 per year, $1.75 for six months, postpaid, for the
United States and dpppndenoios and Me.xico. To the Dominion
of Canada and all other countries, $3.50 (or equivalent funds)
per year, postpaid.

Advertising : Kates will be made known on application.

Remittances : Should always be made by hank or draft, PostofBce or
Bxpress money orders on New York, payable to The India
RiBBER PiBLiSHiNG COMPANY. Remittances for foreign sub-
scriptions should be sent by International Postal Order, payable
as above.

Discontinuances: Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are
regarded as permanent, and after the first twelve months they
■will be discontinued only at the request of the subscriber or ad-
vertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each
period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance.

COPYRIGHT, 1908, Br

THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHINO CO.

Entered at New York postoffice as mall matter of the second cUbb.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE READING MATTER.

A STORY OF GROWTH.

AT the beginning- of a new year in the hfe of The
Indi.v Rubber World it always has seemed to us
appropriate to engage somewhat in retrospect. The re-
counting of accomphshed progress in any industry is of
interest not only in itself, but as indicating lines of pos-
sible future development. The nineteen years which have
elapsed since the initial issue of this journal have been
fruitful in invention and jirogress in many ways, and in
no other industry, perhaps, more than in rubber and the
allied interests. We feel certain that the last word has
not been said in the development of rubber interests, and
look forward to chronicling every _\ear much more news
of importance in this trade.

To eliminate from the rubber trade to-day all that has
been developed in it within the past nineteen years would
leave some very wide gaps — nearly everything in the
way of vehicle tires, the greater part of the insulated wire
manufacture, air-brake hose, hose for pneumatic tool
work, the rublDer-cored golf ball, and an immense num-
ber and variety of minor articles of rubber, together with
the new processes and apparatus which have been per-
fected for their production.

The rubber world, so to speak, has been greatly broad-

; ened in those nineteen years. The opening up of forest

rubber areas in Africa and in the upper Amazon regions

LIBR

has alone proved of vast importance to the industry,
while the introduction of rubber culture has still further
increased the world's supply of raw material. Scarcely^gu,
less important has been the great improvement in rcj-, ,,
claiming rubber and the increase in the volume of this,
product. The growth in the extent of the output of the
rubber factory has involved not only a large increase
in consumption at home, but the sale of important quan-
tities in countries not consumers of rubber before.

We cannot better sum up the situation, perhaps, than
by referring to the International Rubber and Allied
Trades Exhibition, just closed in London, as an epitome
of progress in rubber ; to have omitted from its catalogue
all that represented development during the past two dec-
ades would have left little more than a skeleton. We
regard this exhibition as epoch-making, and by compar-
ine future rubber exhibitions with it will best be meas-
ured the growth of the trade.

It is of interest to note that seldom has rubber been
utilized to an important extent for any purpose with-
out continuing to be so utilized. Hence every new a])-
plication means a permanent addition to the catalogue
of the uses of rubber. To-day the possibility appears
to exist of a great coining demand for rubber in aerial
navigation — a demand which within the coming nine-
teen years may prove as important as the present de-
mand for rubber in the tire trade.

\^'e do not doubt that the most important development
in the next decade will relate to the production of crude
rubber — in new fields and from new plants, as well as in
the improved preparation of rubber in the fields now ex-
ploited. It is not unlikely that within this period the cul-
ture of what now are regarded as minor rubber plants
will become extensive in the temperate zones.

The work of chronicling the progress of the rubber
trade has been a constant source of interest and pleasure
to the Editor, involving as it has the collaboration of
so many leaders in this progress, and he can have no
higher wish than for a long continuance of this desirable
relation.

THE POPULAR NEW VEHICLE.

FROM the inception of the automobile The Indi.\
Rubber World has dealt with the development of
the new class of vehicles as affording perhaps the most
important single outlet for the products of the rubber
manufacture. To-day it may be asserted that the demand
for rubber for tires exceeds the most enthusiastic predic-
tions of ten — or even five — years ago, and it seems likely
to become much larger before showing any decline. As
we have so often pointed out, the commercial use of
self-propelling vehicles has become no less important,
from the standpoint of the rubber man, than the use
of the machines more popularly called "automobiles."
The latter, being used largely for pleasure or recrea-
tion, in addition to being costly, must necessarily be

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

'Confined to a limited share of the population ; in times of
business depression the possibility exists that the demand
for them will decline ; and those persons who have taken
lip automobiling as a "fad" may lose interest in it in
time. It may be said, however, that during the first busi-
ness depression America has known within the history
•of automobiling, the makers of these machines appeared
to be less affected than any other class of manufacturers.

The next important development in the field of self-
propelling vehicles requiring rubber tires evidently will
be in the widespread use of the small passenger cars intro-
duced for hire, which, as now appears, will become known
generally as "taxicabs." The failure of the "motor
'buses," hailed with so much enthusiasm in Europe two
or three years ago, to realize all the expectations enter-
tained regarding them need not be quoted to the preju-
dice of the smaller and more efficient taxicab. The motor
'bus was designed to follow fixed routes; it had to carry
a dozen or twenty passengers on every run in order to
earn dividends ; it was heavy and unwieldy, inconven-
ienced other forms of traffic and "ate up" tires at a costly
rate. The taxicab, on the contrary, can be utilized by a
single passenger, or a small party; it will go wherever
its fares wish, in or out of the city, without necessarily
making schedule time, and it has many other advantages,
not the least of which is the applicability to it of pneu-
matic tires.

The taxicab has all the desirable features of the horse
drawn cab, with much greater speed ; its use encumbers
the streets less and renders the streets cleaner, and when
the new vehicles come into wider use they doubtless will
afford cheaper transportation than any one ever dreamed
of while horses were the sole dependence aside from tram
cars. Practically equal to the automobile for many pur-
poses, available, temporarily at least, for every man with
a shilling in his pocket, the taxicab promises to become
the most popular passenger vehicle ever yet produced, and
one that will give a new impetus to the rubber tire in-
dustry.

TRYING TO DRIVE OUT AIR.

THE impression evidently prevails in many quarters
that an exhaustion of the supply of atmospheric
air is imminent. We all remember the scare over the
threatened rubber famine. No sooner had the researches
of Goodyear and Hancock demonstrated the great num-
ber of uses to which the hitherto useless india-rubber
could be applied with success, than people began to fear
that there would not be enough of the elastic stuff to go
around. After a half century, however, and now that
planters are getting out rubber more cheaply than it can
be gathered in the forests, the old-time scare seems to
have dropped out of the stock list of topics in the news-
paper offices about which a column could always be writ-
ten when the presiding genius was in doubt about what
to use to fill his space. It is easier in these days for the

hack writers to make their readers' flesh creep for fear
that rubber may become too plentiful for everybody now
producing it to find a market.

After resilient tires came in vogue and rubber prices
for awhile soared to such an unprecedented height, in-
ventors busied themselves for awhile in trying to develop
tires which should require little or no rubber. That
seemed reasonable enough, but motorists still appear to
demand rubber of some sort for their tires — and rubber
doesn't cost quite so much as at one time. But the in-
ventors must be busy, and they are progressive, trying
always to keep ahead of the game, which is commendable
whether they succeed in setting the world on fire or not.
Automobilism having such a hold upon public interest to-
day, the old-time inventors of plows and churns and moth-
proof beehives have been supplanted by a class dealing
with automobiles and motor accessories, until the patent
offices are overflowing with surplus funds from fees.
And now the tire class is intent, not so much upon any-
thing relating to rubber as on rendering unnecessary the
use of air in "pneumatics!"

The inventor does not always venture into deep water.
The type of tire which consists of an air tube with an
envelope having become standard, most of our friends
to-day who are trying to find substitutes for air stick to
this form, though it would seem that they would sim-
plify matters by filling "hose pipe" or cushion tires with
their compositions. We could present a list a mile long
of patents covering the use of innumerable materials
which have been suggested as substitutes for air, and
which at least are not so heavy as scrap iron, and not
much more expensive, though we doubt whether all of
them are more resilient. How to get the various tire
fillers in place is a problem with some of the inventors.
In one case, we notice, the patentee has been original
enough to discard the inner tube, and stuff his composi-
tion by hand into an ordinary envelope, after which it is
held in place by cementing a- strip of canvas over the
base of the envelope.

Far be it from us busy journalists to invade the field of
invention, but when we read a patent specification like
this we are tempted to make remarks : "The composition
is introduced into the interior of the air tube, where it
forms a lining covering the inner surface." We at least
should have more respect for the originality of an in-
ventor who devised a lining for the outside surface of an
air tube, or any other manufactured product. And this
leads up to the thought that perhaps the whole school of
investigators we are corhsidering are on the wrong path.
Instead of getting their compositions inside a tube, why
not line the outside with layer upon layer, wrapping one
about the other, until the desired volume is attained, after
which they might put on an outer cover or an inner cover
or no cover at all. But most of all we should consider
the air tube superfluous, since the main object is to dis-
pense with the use of air.

But why fear an air famine? Why not learn to use

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

the same air, time and time again? If there isn't enough
common garden air, however, why not import it from the
sparsely peopled pampas of South America? Why not
build windmills to make wind? Why not bottle up the
exhaust from the countless political orators now busy in
the American presidential campaign, spouting what the
authorities in slang call "hot air"? Why not use
dephlogisticated air? To close this serious discussion,
however, we do not foresee that the effort to displace air
in motor tires is liable to succeed to the extent that rub-
ber will not still be required — and that is the main point in
the trade which this journal represents.

TRAINING RUBBER ESTATE MANAGERS.

THE rubber planting interest is still too new to have
developed very many experts in its various depart-
ments. The first essential, of course, after the trees were
planted, was to get out rubber. The practicability of
this having been established, the next question was how
cheaply the rubber could be produced, because upon this
depends the whole matter of profits. The successive
annual reports of some of the older rubber plantations
show a declining scale of costs, with indications that
the bottom price has not yet been reached. As a result,
during the lowest stage of the market last year, some plan-
tations were realizing almost as much net cash per pound
as during the preceding era of high prices.

Not all the plantations now producing, however, have
been able to make an equally satisfactory showing to
their shareholders. One reason, suggested by an Eastern
rubber planter recently while visiting The India Rub-
ber World offices, is that the number of expert planta-
tion managers developed thus far is not sufficient to sup-
ply the demand. Many managers are yet obliged to
work in an experimental way. Their first problem is to
produce rubber, at whatever cost, after which they can
address themselves to lowering the cost, through im-
provement of their methods and the further training of
their employes.

At one time it was thought that one who had qualified
as an expert in rubljer plantation management, through
his success on one estate, might be relied upon to ob-
tain similar results on any number of estates, by acting in
an advisory capacity for them all. This, however, has not
always proved true in practice. The trouble is that in
the case of one man's energies being spread out over so
many plantations, much has to be left to the local work-
ing staffs, and unless these have had some training the
best laid plans may fail to be carried out intelligently.
This is particularly apt to be true if dependence is placed
upon native employes. However faithful they may be,
and however intelligent they may seem while actually
working under directions, failure too often results when
they are left to exercise their own judgment.

But all of this furnishes no argument against rubber
culture. The men who have won success in their field

have done so merely because they happened to be on
the ground when rubber culture was introduced into
their region, and they addressed themselves successfully
to its problems. There must be other men equally fitted
by nature for such work, and the incentives to study rub-
ber planting questions are greater than when the pioneers
first took up the work. The first lesson having been
learned, that special training is necessary for managing a
rubber plantation well, as is true in every other business,
there need be no fear of an ultimate lack of good man-
agers.

This subject was referred to at the summer meeting of
the Rubber Planters' Association of Mexico, by Dr.
Pehr Olsson-Seffer, who suggested that rubber planting
is not so simple a matter as some people might think,
and that a plantation involving an expenditure of, say, a
million dollars, calls for managerial ability of a high
order. The difficulties to be met are magnified if the
management of a tropical enterprise is undertaken by one
not before familiar with tropical conditions. In Mex-
ico, the speaker said, there had been a weeding out of
managers, and the outlook to-day is good with regard
to the character and capacity of the men in charge of
the rubber plantations there.

A NEW REGIME IN THE CONGO.

THE Congo Free State has become a colony of
Belgium, as Lagos is of England, Kamerun of
Germany, Algeria of France, and Angola of Portu-
gal. Henceforth not Leopold but the Belgian parlia-
ment is entitled to praise or must bear the blame
for whatever of good or ill develops in the administra-
tion and condition of the Congo. Now that the
status of that region is on the same plane as that of
other African regions under European control, the
Powers which have criticized the management of the
Free State are under challenge to show whether or
not they are doing better with their colonial adminis-
tration under like conditions. Those who have been
pleased to attack Leopold, the individual, as an admin-
istrator, no longer have an excuse to single out a
single African dependency for their criticism, but
must deal with colonial conditions in Africa as a
whole ; the European or American who deplores the
fate of the African native under white man's rule
must now take into account the condition of the
native under the rule of any and all the Powers. On
the whole, the new regime promises to lead to a
clearer understanding of African affairs in general,
through the removal of the condition, unusual in mod-
ern times, of one individual apparently with unlimited
power over so great a country as the Congo Free
State under the King of the Belgians.

The India Rubber World is no apologist for
Leopold. With Congo politics, so to speak, it has
had no concern; as to the motives of the critics of the

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

late sovereign of the Congo domain it has not even
inquired into them. Our interest in the region began
with the declaration of Stanley, then an American,
after traversing the "Dark Continent," that it would
become "the rubber reservoir of the universe." As a
matter of trade news The India Rubber World
(December 15, 1892— pages 63-65) printed a lengthy
report, from a disinterested and authoritative source,
on the rubber resources of the Congo, with an original
map — the first generally circulated in America — giv-
ing the first official decree relating to rubber in that
region. Since the date referred to we have attempted
to keep the trade adequately informed in regard to
Congo rubber conditions.

Now that the Congo State has been annexed to
Belgium, in accordance with the frequently expressed
ideas of Leopold II, we give space on another page
to a statement written at our request of the meaning
of the act, from an official source — from the pen of
the representative of the Free State in America, a
widely-known writer on legal and economic topics
who has represented the United States at several
international congresses. The views expressed there-
in may not meet with universal acceptance, but we
cannot help that; it is not our statement. It con-
cludes, however, for the present at least, our record
of Congo politics.

The Congo rubber situation will continue to be of
importance. It is interesting to be assured that the
status of foreign concessionaire companies on the
Congo — two large ones are American — are not to be
disturbed. Whether the Congo rubber output will
be maintained remains to be seen. Under ordinary
circumstances we should expect the decline which
has been in progress for some years to continue. If
the change in regime should lessen the extent of
enforced labor it will decline more rapidly. We have
never felt the confidence in the outcome of rubber
culture in the Congo as in planting in some other
regions, though tdtimately the result may justify all
the hopes that have been entertained. As to planted
rubber, however, there is nothing to do just now but
wait; as for the much discussed "red rubber," will it
continue to be produced under the rule of Belgium,
as successor to the king-sovereign?

"PARA" OR "HEVEA"?

A S is natural where a new article of commerce is being intro-
**• duced, the desirability is expressed in Ceylon of having
a distinctive name for the plantation rubber produced there,
instead of referring to it as "Para" rubber. For many years
all Para rubber came from a limited district in Brazil, tak-
ing its name from the port whence it was shipped. When rubber
began to arrive from other countries — Central America, Assam,
and so on — the geographical system of designation was natural
and effective, since in each case it referred to a distinctive quality
of material. Later other classes of rubber found their way down
the Amazon, past the custom house at Para, but the name "Para"
was reserved for the quality first derived from that port, and

other names — such as "caucho" — were given to the new rubbers.
Now other South American countries have joined Brazil in sup-
plying rubber of the original "Para" type, giving rise to terms
as "Bolivian Para," while rubbers from MoUendo, on the Pacific,
or from the Orinoco, in Venezuela, reach the manufacturer as
"Para." In other words, "Para" has ceased to be a mere geo-
graphical designation, but indicates a certain general type of
rubber, the product of the tree known to botanists as Hevea.

The introduction of this tree into the old world was followed
by the description of its product there as "Para" rubber, to dis-
tinguish it from the product of the many other species, wild and
cultivated, with which it competed. Now has arisen some con-
fusion owing to the fact that from the commercial and also from
the industrial standpoint "Para" rubber grown in Ceylon differs
from the forest product so long known by that name, and great
pains is necessary satisfactorily to describe the various lots. The
Times of Ceylon invites the cooperation of The India Rubber
World in seeking the adoption of the term "Hevea" for planta-
tion rubber produced from the species which that name describes.

The objection might be urged, from the scientific standpoint —
and all the rubber men seem in a fair way to become scientists —
that "Hevea" is not sufficiently distinctive; for is not the forest
rubber of a half-dozen countries equally the product of the Hevea
species? It may seem inconvenient now to describe a certain
rubber as "Ceylon Para." .Adopt the new suggestion, however,
and in time we probably shall be getting "Hevea" rubber from the
Amazon, when it would be necessary to write "Ceylon Hevea" to
let buyers know that it was not "Para Hevea," or "Bolivian
Hevea" — i. e., cultivated Hevea rubber from South America.
Where does the simplicity come in?

Account must be taken of the inertia to be overcome in intro-
ducing changes in trade nomenclature. For a long time to come
the name "Para" is likely to persist in use in describing the rub-
ber which now holds first rank in the trade, and offerers of rubber
having any sort of relation to that type doubtless will find it
more convenient to add the term "Para" to their descriptions
than to attempt to introduce new names the pertinence of which
is not so clear to render them at once popular.

We should be delighted and proud to assist in the laudable
work of reducing to a better system the classification and nam-
ing of rubber grades, but to get down to a single word the de-
scription of a particular lot of rubber is, at present at least, im-
possible. A single shipment of "fine Para" rubber from the
Amazon to-day must be described, for the purposes of seller and
buyer, sometimes under a score to a hundred headings. The
time is not yet ripe for one word — "Hevea," for e.xamgle — to des-
ignate the produce of planted Hevea Brasiliensis. And if it were,
how about the produce of H. lutea, H. discolor, H. Guayanens,
and twenty other species of Hevea ^

The commercial success of rubber culture in the Far East thus
far has been greatly enhanced, we take it, by the bringing to-
gether under the control of a few highly sj'stematized large com-
panies, well managed on a solid financial basis, of very many
small plantations. How does The Times of Ceylon know that,
within a comparatively few years, the whole rubber plantation
interest in Ceylon, for example, may not be brought under some
such central management as shall control the production of rub-
ber goods on a more scientific basis, so that the natural designa-
tion need not be "Para," or "Hevea," or "Ceylon," but two or
three trademark names which indicate to every intelligent manu-
facturer in the world just what quality of rubber is covered by
each? This would not involve necessarily the merger of all the
present companies into one, but a convenient "community of in-
terest," on a basis capable of application likewise to Malaya,
South India and the Dutch East Indies.

It seems in order again to refer to the expansion of the
submarine cable interests of Germany, especially on account of

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

the German policy of fostering the domestic cable industry in-
stead of depending upon foreigners to build the cables wanted,
as is the case with the United States. Having successfully
established a cable service to New York, the Germans have now
planned another transatlantic route, this time to Brazil, in con-
nection with which a branch will extend to German West Africa.
In view of all the talk for nearly a century about forming closer
relations among the American republics it might have been
expected that the United States would precede Germany in the
matter of running a cable to Brazil.

The e.aklier attempts at cotton growing in many parts of
the world where competition with the United States was at-
tempted happened before the commercial utilization of cotton
seed was known. To-day British and French and Belgian and
Portugese and German colonies in Africa — not to mention other
regions — are producing not only cotton fiber of good quality,
but considerable quantities of cotton seed, which also can be
exported to advantage. It is true that the seed is now utilized to
great advantage in the United States, instead of being regarded
as a nuisance, as former!)-. None the less, the fact that the
African cotton planter now has two commercial products from
the same planting instead of one is not to be overlooked in
prospecting the world's cotton production of five to ten years
hence.

The New York state forestry department is planting
millions of timber trees on waste lands, with the idea that some
of them will stand for sixty years or more before being cut
down to yield a commercial product. By comparison, waiting
ten years or less for rubber trees to become productive seems
almost like getting immediate results.

BRITISH RUBBER SUBSTITUTES.

MERRILY the inventors of rubber substitutes and the like
still go around, until the patent office inventors must
be dazed with the problem of determining how any of the sub-
stitutes brought to them to-day differ from those patented in
former years. The few references on this page are not a
record of a year, but of announcements made within three weeks,
in a single country. From the use suggested for several of the
inventions — for tire fillers — it would be appropriate to term
the substances "air substitutes" rather than rubber substitutes.

Lugo (British patent No. 10,008 — -1907) forms a rubber sub-
stitute by heating a mixture of oxidized oil and rubber to a
temperature at which the rubber dissolves. Potassium perman-
ganate is added, and the whole heated to 360-400° F. Finely
divided waste rubber is added, the mass being stirred and the
temperature maintained. To obtain a harder product sulphur
may be added.

S. de Pont (British patent No. 9,379—1907) produces a non-
inflammable electric insulating composition, suitable also for
buttons, bottle stoppers and piano key^. from asbestos or vege-
table fiber 30 parts, plaster of Paris 5, clay 8, copal 15, cowrie or
lac 5, bitumen or the like 15, aniline 2, lampblack 15, mica 4,
and wax 3 parts. The ingredients, partly dried, are mixed
and dried under pressure between steam-heated rollers.

Inrig (British patent No. 9,094 — 1907) prepares a rubber sub-
stitute from the gelable portions of animals. Fifty parts of such
imaterial are treated with 50 parts of water and from 20 to
60 parts of oil at a temperature of 200° F. Subsequently sodium
stannate and potassium bichromate are added. On heating to
212" F. a mass is obtained which may be set in a mold and used
for filling motor tires. To obtain a harder mass less oil is used.
and the composition is mixed with 5 to 10 per cent, of sulphur
and heated to 260° F. This latter form is designed for insula-
tion purposes.

Frankenburg. of Salford (British patent No. 8.780 — 1907),

fills tires w-ith a composition jjfepared by dissolving dead
Borneo, potato, or other rubber, balata, or gutta-percha in heated
or boiled oxidizable vegetable oil, with sulphur added for vul-
canizing. The composition is pumped into the tire or inner tube.

Scott (British patent 9,727—1907) makes a composition for
sealing tire punctures of milk 50 parts, isinglass 17, fish glue or
gelatin 200, carnauba lO, formaldehyde 3, and gum ammoina-
cum I part. Introduced within the air tube it forms a lining
for the inner surface.

Fagioli (British patent No. 10,017 — 1907) produces a tire,
the cover of which, instead of containing an inflated tube is
filled with a composition consisting preferably of these propor-
tions : I pint giant cement, i'^ pints of rubber solution, and
2j^ gallons granulated cork. When the, tire has been filled a,
canvass strip may be cemented .ovev;.,the base, and the tire
niDunted on a two-part rim with a detachable flange.

A CAMPAIGN OF EDUCATION.

NJOT so long ago rubber was simply rubber. Even after im-
■^ ^ porters and manufacturers had begun to recognize hun-
dreds of difi'erent grades of the raw material, it was presumed
that all rubber looked alike to the man in the street. But now
the public is expected to be more discriminating as to rubber, and
tlie public intelligence is appealed to in up-to-date advertising, in re-
spect of rubber as well as of most other commodities. Take
for example the statement featured prominently in newspaper
advertisements of a certain fountain pen, that the manufactur-
ers use "Beni Bolivian Para Rubber" from the Madeira river,
"the toughest, most elastic, and costliest rubber gathered," and
to render the advertisement more informing pictures are given of
rubber gathering as well as of working rubber in the factory.
The idea is that this fountain pen is not the same as others in
the market, and that the difference begins with the quality of
rubber used.

A department store advertising in the same newspaper devotes
some space to clothes wringers, incidentally mentioning the use of
"Para rubber" in the rollers and referring to the "vulcanization,"
which would indicate that such terms are now passing into gen-
eral speech.

All the above relates to America, the home of the vulcan-
ized rubber industry, but all the world is becoming Americanized
nowadays, and newspaper readers elsewhere are becoming more
familiar with rubber and its uses. Even China is coming to
have newspapers in the sense in whicji newspapers are known
in the Western world, and it occurs to a writer in the London
Daily Mail, in a resume of Chinese journalism, to mention "rub-
ber waterproofs" as occupying a good deal of space in their ad-
vertising columns. No doubt native newspaper readers in China
soon will be confronted, in the advertisements spread before them,
with the claims of rival tradesmen— each to employ better rubber
than the others, with arguments to support their claims. Every-
where the campaign of education in rubber is progressing, and
at a rate that ought to be encouraging to all who produce rub-
ber or help in any way to render it commercially valuable.

At a special meeting of the De Mello Brazilian Rubber Co.,
Limited, in London, the directors were authorized to borrow
iiSO,ooo and to release Scbastiao Francisco de Mello from a claim
which the company held against him. Within a year, certain
debts of the company being pressing, the directors had be-
come responsible for a large sum, secured by the issue to them
of provisional scrip, and in order to protect holders of the scrip
a receiver had been appointed. The company were then able
to arrange for the shipment to Manaos of i6o tons of rubber
but owing to the fall in prices the results were very disappoint-
ing. Large sums were due the company in the rubber districts,
and it was believed that, with the issue of £150,000 in debentures
the company would be able to finance their affairs successfully.

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, igo8.

THE EDITORS BOOK TABLE.

ESTUDO SOBRE OS LATEX BORRACHIFEROS E OS METHODOS
de Fabrico da Borracha. (Seguido de uma noiicia sobrc uma nova
tspecie borrachifera descoberta pclo auctor no sertao de Benguella). For
Carlos Eugenio de McUo Geraldcs. Lisbon: Lucas. 1906. [Paper. 8yo.
Pp. 1-7.)

THE author has contributed through the pages of Revista
Agronomica (Lisbon) and other journals some important
additions to our knowledge of African rubber species, particu-
larly in the district of Benguella, which already has furnished
many thousands of tons of rubber to the world's markets. This
brochure is a general resume of the history of the use of rub-
ber, with notes on the qualities of the leading commercial brands,
but its notable feature is the first scientific reference to the plant
in the Bihe district, in Angola (Portuguese Africa), known locally
as "Ekanda." Unfortunately, Portuguese is not so widely read
as some other languages in which progress in rubber is recorded.
This publication, as its title shows, appeared in 1906. The Kew
Bulletin two years later (No. 5—1908) says: "But it was only
in the summer of the following year that the discovery became
more generally known through a short abstract from Pro-
fessor Geraldes's paper published in The Indi.\ Rubber World
[July I, 1907 — page 200]." Following this latter notice the Ekanda
tuber was studied at Kew, where it has been identified by Messrs.
Brown and Stapf as Raphionacme utilis. The plant referred to
has attracted the serious attention of the important Companhia de
Mozambique, engaged to so large an extent in development in
Portuguese East Africa, and who have recently secured the
services of Mr. W. H. Johnson, lately director of agriculture
for the Gold Coast Colony, in West Africa, and author of a
work of considerable value entitled "Para Rubber." While the
Ekanda plant is a native of Angola, in West Africa, the Mozam-
bique company are hopeful of acclimatizing it in their Beira ter-
ritory. The 1907 report of the Mozambique company says : "It
would appear that the 'Ekanda' propagates rapidly, and does not
require special care; it is therefore probable that it will easily
develop in our territory; we could therefore thus rely upon an
important source of revenue, for the bulbs of Ekanda are un-
doubtedly rich in india-rubber, which is of excellent quality and
the sacrifices [cost] which its cultivation demands are, so to
speak, insignificant." It is interesting to note that Professor
Geraldes has in preparation a supplementary study : "Da ex-
ploragao racional das principaes especies borrachiferas."

THE FUTURE OF CACAO PLANTING. A PAPER READ BEFORE
the Royal Horticultural Society, London. By Harold Hamel Smith,
Editor of Tropical Life. With an Introduction by Sir Daniel Morris,
K. c. M. G. London: John Bale, Sons & Danielsson, Limited. 1908.
[Paper. i2mo. Pp. xiii -f 95. Price i shilling.]

It doubtless will become- recognized in the near future that a
community of interest must e.xist between the cultivators of
india-rubber and other tropical products. Mr. Smith, rightly, we
think, is an advocate for planting more than one crop at a
time, in order to distribute the risks and minimize the effects
of adverse markets. The commercial value of cacao (the choco-
late tree), already great, is constantly increasing, and it happens
to be adapted to the same natural conditions as Hevea and some
other species of rubber. In fact, some of the more important
Ceylon plantations of rubber had their origin as a side issue
with planters of cacao. Later there was considerable interplant-
ing of rubber and cacao, but this we understand Mr. Smith to
discourage ; his theory of mixed crops extends only to encour-
aging planters to devote attention to both crops, but not to the
extent of interplanting, for reasons which he clearly sets forth.
Our author is an authority on cacao, and his little work can be
recommended to rubber planters as meriting their interest,
whether or not they have been planters of this crop. The fact
of Mr. Smith's activity in connection with the London Rubber
Exhibition will give rubber planters an additional reason for
giving his valuable little book a penisal.

IN CURRENT PERIODICALS.
The Atlantic Cable of 1858. By William Maver, Jr.:=Electrical World.
New York. LII-S (Aug. 22, '08). Pp. 385-387.

V'eranderung des Kautschuks beim Lagern und Seine Konservierung. By
W. Schellmann, rii.D.^dJcr Pflan:er, Amani. IV-i (Jan. 4, '08). Pp. 1-8

Ecanda Rubber {Raphionacme utilis). By Otto Stapf. [The tuberous
rubber producing plant described in The India Rubber Wori-d, July i,
1907 — page 300.]=/C(*t£' Bulletin, London. No. 5 (1908). Pp. 209-215
with plate.

The Rubber Plant of Southern Europe. By Professor Matter and Gus-
tave Van den Kerchhove. [Report on Atractylis gumnvifera reprinted from
The India Rubber World, March i, 1908 — page 177.3 = 7/1* Indian
Forester, Allakabad X.\IV-7. (July, '08). Pp. 386.392.

Rubbers from Trinidad. [Report on 23 specimens of plantation rubber,
from several species. ]=i?«//f(iM of the Imperial Institute, London. VI-2
(1908); Pp. 135-144.

Localizing High Resistence Breaks in Cables. By J. Rymer-Jones.=
The Electrical Review, London. LXIII-1600 (July 24, '08). Pp. 124-125.

ALSO RECEIVED.

Le Caoutchouc en Nouvelle-Caledonie. Par M. Etesse. Paris: Augustin
Challamel. 1908. 24 pages.

Views in the Congo Free State. Development of Central Africa Under
the Rule of King Leopold. [A series of pictures from photographs. Re-
ceived from the consulate general of the Congo Free State at Baltimore.)
34 pages.

Rubber Cultivation in Ceylon. [The advantages of artificial manures
for bearing rubber trees.] Freudenberg & Co., Colombo. 11 pages.

Methods of Analysis of Raw Rubber. By D. Spence, PH.D. 16 pages.
Distribution of the Protein in Para Rubber. By D. Spence, PH.D.. 15
pages. Analysis of Latex from Ficus Vogelii and of "Memlcku" Rubber
Therefrom. Note on the Karite Gutta. By D. Spence, PH.D. 15 pages.
[Reprints from The Quarterly Journal, Institute of Commercial ResearcKr
Liverpool University. 6d. each.]

Plants a Caoutchouc. By Professor G. E. Mattel and Gustav van den
Kerckhove. [On the possibility of the cultivation of rubber species outside
the tropics.] 23 pages.

The Mogambique Company. Memorandum with respect to Rubber in the
Territory of Manica and Sofala. Translated from the Portuguese. London:
Whitehead, Morris & Co., Limited. [Paper. 4to. Pp. 72. Price i
shilling.]

"The India Rubber World's" Editor in Japan.

[Advantage is taken by the staff, in the absence of Mr. Pearson, to give
his friends in the trade a glance at an excellent photograph which conies
from Japan, where evidently at one time he pi:sed before a camera with
Mr. Kenzo Okada, of an important rubber manufacturing company at
Tokio.]

OcTOBES T, igoS.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

-7

Aeronautics and the Rubber Industry.

THE past month has been prolific of news bearing upon aerial
navigation — a subject which now interests the general
newspaper reader everywhere, as well as engineers, mili-
tary authorities and other scientific classes. To the casual reader
of the daily reports of the current exploits of Wright, Baldwin,
Zeppelin, ct al., it may be surprising to be reminded that just ly
years ago Mr. Octave Chanute, then president of the American
Society of Civil Engineers, and regarded as perhaps the best liv-
ing authority on "Progress in Aerial Navigation," in which he
admitted that the success attained had been small. He said :

Within the last decade a balloon has been driven against a moderate
wind, and a nian is said to have flown a hundred yards near Paris.
So that it may t>e that, as Professor Langley (then secretary of the Smith-
sonian Institution) says, the problem of aerial navigation is about to pass
into the hands of the engineers.

To sum up Mr. Chanutc's paper, published so recently as i8gi,
he could record little more advance in aerial navigation than "a
great change in the attitude of popular opinion toward the whole
subject. It is no longer regarded as wholly impracticable and
visionary." In other words, a man might at least talk about "liv-
ing" without being considered a "crank,"

Mr. Chanute has lived to sec dirigible balloons and various
forms of aeroplanes apparently capable of practical use. Look
back to Mr. Chanute's cautious statement — "a man is said to ha\ r
flown a hundred miles near Paris" — and compare it with Count
Zeppelin's flight of 300 miles within 20 hours, in a dirigible air-
ship, 435 feet in length, with 220 HP. motors. Not only is the de-
velopment in aerial navigation of vast interest in military circles.
and from other practical standpoints, but it is being taken up with
enthusiasm as aflfording a new field in sports. It is understood
that at the coming eleventh Exposition Internationale de I'Auto-
mobile, du Cycle, et des Sports, at the Grand Palais, Paris, an
extensive section will be devoted to balloons and flying machines.
But the object of this article is not so much to record the de-
tails of the progress that has been made in aerial navigation, as
to call attention to the great importance to the india-rubber trade
of ultimate success in this field. As the automobile would be im-
practicable without rubber tires, neither the balloon nor the aero-
plane is capable of the best development without rubber. Par-
ticularly is this true of the balloon.

It is true that the coating of rubber in balloon fabric can be
replaced with a coating of varnish, and in France many sailing
balloons are constructed of a varnished fabric, but the varnish is
by no means as impermeable as rubber. Moreover, the varnished
fabric has other disadvantages, in addition to its lack of capacity
to retain gas. It is, for instance, a better conductor of heat, and
for this reason the gas, in a varnished balloon, is lieated more

quickly by the sun's rays and cools more rapidly in the shadow
of a cloud, causing a greater loss of gas than occurs in the case
of a balloon made of rubberized fabric. Heat also causes the
varnish to become sticky, making packing more risky, and the bal-
loon is likely to be damaged by sticking together when unpacked.
A low temperature hardens the varnish and the fabric is brittle
wlien folded, all cf which factors make the varnished balloon
less durable than one made of rubberized fabric, the latter being
used for all the best and largest balloons.

For motor balloons, or dirigibles, owing to the much higher
gas pressure required, it is next to impossible to use varnished
fabric. The loss of gas within a prescribed period would lie
altogether too great. The high degree of perfection to which

Intkrnationai. B.m.i.oon R.\<e .\t Hurlingham.

I From The Autoniotor lottnial.]

the rubberized balloon fabric has been brought, in Germany, is
proved by the fact that the manufacturers guarantee that it will
not lose more than 10 quarts of hydrogen gas per square yard, in
24 hours, in spite of the pressure under which it stands being
considerably higher than the surrounding atmosphere.

In the development of balloon fabric Germany has held the lead
hitherto, as France has in the construction of automobiles. But
as other countries are becoming independent of France in respect
of auloniobilc construction, so Germany must look for competi-
tion in the supplying of balloon fabric. The I'nitcd .Sl;iti->. giiveru-
ment has encouraged the production of balloon fabric by domestic
manuf.icturers, and the gas bag used in tlie first American war

^IS'SESS

■m~

■■ .^•''.-Aa

International Balloon Contest at the Aero Club's Grounds, Hurlingham, England.

[Panoramic view of the balloon paddock, showing the whole of the 31 hallonns in i>osition, in pr* cess of inflation from a 14-inch gas main,
large white "mat" to the right is the starting line. — From The Autonwtor Journal."]

The

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

balloon — the dirigible offered by Captain Thomas S. Baldwin,
with a capacity of 18,000 cubic feet — was made by an important
rubber concern in this country.

Balloon fabric has also been used of laic in France for the
construction of the planes of aeroplanes, whereas formerly varn-
ished silk and even varnished or oiled paper was used for this
purpose. These substances are likely to be entirely superseded
in flying machine construction by balloon fabric, which is much
more durable. For motor balloons, as well as for aeroplanes,
thin sheet-metal has been tried for the envelope. In building the
great motor balloon of Count Zeppelin, a great deal of aluminum
was used, but the gas bag itself was of rubberized balloon fabric.
Jatho, of Hanover, in his aeroplane, experimented with planes
covered with thin sheet magnalium, and the French constructors
otained the material for their flying machines from Hanover.

Not only the introduction of the motor balloon, especially the
military balloon, has led to an increase in the demand for balloon
fabric, but the sport of ballooning, with sailing balloons, has also
witnessed remarkable growth. Thus the number of members in
aeronaut clubs has increased about 30 per cent, within the past
year and fiew clubs have been formed in many cities. The mem-
bers of the German clubs -own 30 sailing balloons and the clubs
are already-beginning to use motor balloons for sporting purposes.
At the recent international balloon contest at Hurlingham, Eng-
land, starting from the grounds of the Hurlingliam Aero Club,
there were 31 entrant ■;.

Count Zeppelin's Air Ship "Number Four."

[During a thunderstorm on August 5 the gas took fire and the machine was
destroyed. The German people have subscribed $400,000 to build
another.]
— Courtesy of The American Review of Reviews.

In an article in the Gummi-Zeitung it is pointed out that while
in the automobile the value of the product of the rubber industry
(the tires) is about one-tenth of the total value of the automobile,
in an airship, the rubber product, represented by the gas bag, con-
stitutes the greater portion of the value. The value of the ma-
terial in aeroplanes is much less, although in covering the planes
of such aeroplanes as those built by Farman and Delagrange,
over 100 square yards of balloon fabric is required. In compari-
son, for an ordinary motor balloon, about 2,000 square yards of
balloon fabric is required, making the value of the gas bag of a
motor balloon about $S,ooo, to which must be added the cost of
making up, the filling tubes, etc. The steering and stabilizing
planes of motor balloons are also mainly constructed of balloon
fabric, so that the rubber material in a motor balloon of medium
size represents a value of about $6,250.

The rubberized fabrics for ordinary sailing balloons are cheaper,
but cost nevertheless from $1.50 to $2 per square yard, so that
the balloon fabric alone is worth from $750 to $1,250. Varnished
fabric, used extensively for sailing, never for motor balloons.

The First American W.\r Balloon.

[Captain Baldwin's Dirigible, tested in August by the United States Govern-
ment at Fort Myer. Balloon fabric made by an .■\merican rubber
company.]
— Courtesy of The American Review of Reviews.

costs about 60 cents per square yard in Germany. The low dura-
bility and strength of the varnished balloon fabric is due to the
hardening or resinification of the varnish, causing the substance
itself to become brittle and readily breakable.

The method of making both kinds of fabric may briefly be
described as follows, according to the Gummi-Zeitung: For both
kinds of balloon fabric cotton fabric, mostly percale, is almost ex-
clusively employed. For varnished balloon fabric a single thick-
ness of cloth is used, to which boiled linseed oil varnish is ap-
plied, the work formerly done by hand being now effected by
mechanical means. In a thin layer this varnish has the property
of taking up oxygen from the air and drying in a thin coating.
The oxidization process is dependent on the moisture in and
temperature of the air. As soon as it is completed, which is in-
dicated by the darkened color and the hardness, the fabric loses
much of its flexibility and readily becomes brittle. In special
cases, where the greatest possible lightness is necessary, in place
of cotton cloth a silk fabric is employed. The varnishing process
tends to render this substance more than ordinarily brittle, and
for this reason, and on account of its much higher price, varn-
ished silk is seldom used for balloons.

Rubberized balloon fabric is made in the familiar manner, the

Wright's Aeroplane .\t Fort Myer.

— By courtesy of The Automobile.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

Goupil's Aercplane, 1883.

cotton fabric beins treated witli rulibcr in the coating machine.
Two hiyers of fabric so cuated are superimposed on each other
in sucli manner that the threads (warp and woof) of the two
thicknesses cross each other diagonally. Tliis ensures to the
finished cloth almost uniform tensile strain, or tear resisting
strength, in every direction. The fabric is then vulcanized hot
and finally colored yellow on one side. The yellow color is for
the purpose of iKutralizing the more actively injurious blue and
ultra violet rays of light. No special color is required in the
varnished fabric, the varnish itself furnishing the color. The
yellow surface is made the outer side of the complete balloon.
It may be added that only after prolonged experiment was a
coloring matter obtained that was not injurious to the fabric.

Following, briefly stated, are the advantages and disadvantages
claimed for both kinds of balloon fabric:

VARNISHED BALLOON FABRIC.

Advantages: Lower prices; smaller weight.

Disadvantages: Low durability; greater difficulty and expense of main-
tenance; greater susceptibility to exterior heat; packing, after landing, is
much more difficult and troublesome.

RUBBERLZED BALLOON FABRIC.

Advantages: Greater durability; greater strength of the fabric; less
expense of storage and maintenance; convenient packing after landint;.

Disadvantages: Greater initial cost (compensated for by increased serv-
iceability); greater weight (more than made up for by increased strength).

It is to be expected that the advantages of the rubberized bal-
loon fabric will lead ultimately to its use altogether in place of
varnished balloon fabric. For motor balloons and captive bal-
loons, it is already used exclusively, for in both these kinds of
balloon there is a much greater strain on the fabric owing to
the increased pressure of gas. Rubberized fabric has doubled the
tear-resisting strength of the varnished article, i. e., more than
2,800 pounds per square yard, as compared with 1,500 pounds
for the varnished fabric. Moreover, the rubber fabric deterior-
ates but slowly, as regards its tear-resisting strength, whereas the
varnished fabric deteriorates rapidly. With varnished fabric,
therefore, a bursting of the balloon by pressure of the gas is not
imposssible.

The French balloon interests were certainly not pleased by the
prescription, by the French war department, of rubberized bal-
loon fabric, obtained from Germany, for the construction of its
military balloi^ns. As a matter of fact, all French motor balloons
are constructed of German balloon fabric, as are also the balloons
of other nations, Germany, of course, included. In the success

of the great German motor balloon, constructed by Count Zep-
pelin, the German rubber industry has scored another triumph,
but it is to be expected that when American rubber manufacturers
bestow attention on this article, they will be able to compete in
every way with the best balloon cloth made elsewhere.

An English firm has constructed gas bags for balloons from
gold beaters' skin, which in the case of large balloons is laid on
to the extent of six layers, the skins being so joined together
that no seams are visible. The advantages claimed are lightness
and toughness. A London newspaper report that Count Zep-
pelin's new great balloon would be made of gold beaters' skin is
authoril;itively denied.

INDIA-RUBBER MISCELLANY.

A Flying Machine Nineteen Years Ago.

£Adcr, near Paris, in 1891. "flew" 100 yards or more in this, sitting in
a small car forming the center.]

THE INDUSTRY IN AUSTRALIA.

The business of Barnet Glass S: Sons (Alelbourne) has been
formed into a company under the title Barnet Glass Rubber
Co., Limited, with a capital of £45,000 [=$218,992.50], of which
one-half is in 8 per cent, cumulative preference shares and the
remainder in ordinary shares. The Messrs. Glass have been
interested in the rubber trade for nearly 30 years, beginning with
the manufacture of mackintoshes from imported materials. In
1899 they put in a plant for the proofing of cloth and the
manufacture of a limited list of rubber goods, to which additions
have constantly been made.

REDDAWAY'S FRANCO-BRITISH EXHIBIT.

,\t the Franco-British Exhibition, in London, Messrs. ]'.
Reddaway & Co., Limited (Pendleton, Manchester), erected a
handsome pavilion near Machinery Hall, for the display of their
canvas belting, rubber belting, printers' blankets, canvas hose,
rubber hose, solid and pneumatic tires, and many other products.
A set of pneumatic tires shown was reported to have run for
nearly 7,000 miles on all kinds of roads. A special feature was
a display of conveying apparatus, employing different brands of
the company's belting. In connection with the exhibition Mr.
Reddaway gave a dinner to representatives of the technical press
of Great Britain and France, several members of his firm's staff
also being present.

NEW YORK ELECTRICAL SHOW.

.\t tlie second annual New York Electrical Show, to be open
at Madison Square Garden from October 3 to October 14, inclu-
sive, in the section commemorative of the Atlantic cable of 1858
[see The Indl\ Rubber World, September i, 1908 — page 398]
the Commercial Cable Co., through President Mackay and Vice
President Ward, will make a loan exhibit of models, relics, ap-
pliances, maps, etc., covering the whole period of submarine cable
development. The first annual show last year was so successful
as to encourage the management to look for even a larger and
more varied and better attended show this year, in view of the
constant growth of the number of appliances of electricity, and
the interest of the public in their use.

A PIONEER GUTTA-PERCHA COMPANY.

The first company to utilize gutta-percha commercially in the
United States are still in business, though the name has under-
gone some changes. Reference is made to the Bishop Gutta-
percha Co. (New York), who as early as 1848 laid a conduit of
gutta-percha under the East river, at New York, since which
time they have manufactured gutta-percha pipe for many pur-
poses in any length desired and up to 4-inch bore. They manu-
facture a long list of other gutta-percha articles, including acid
vessels, valves, belting, and tissue, their production of the latter
having become very extensive of late.

HOPEWELL BROTHERS' ADDRESS.

In the description in the last India Rubber World of a new
Hopewell tire case, the address of the makers was inadvertently
omitted. They are the firm Hopewell Brothers, manufacturers

of automobile fabric supplies, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

10

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

Growth of the Insulated Wire Industry.

By Ira W. Henry.

THE importance of rubber as an insulator for electric con-
ductors must be considered an ever growing factor in the
supply of and demand for this material. The constant in-
crease in the use of electricity, not only for lighting, heating, and
means of communication, but also for city transportation on street
railways, and latterly on trunk lines, calls for enormous quanti-
ties of copper conductors insulated in a manner that must make
them not only waterproof, but also flexible. Although many
substitutes, such as cotton, jute, and paper, on account of their
cheapness, are being applied as insulators, in every case where
specially good service is required the engineer insists on rub-
ber as a dielectric.

The first authentic record we find in America of the use of
rubber as a dielectric is mentioned in the diary of Samuel F.
Morse, inventor of the telegraph, describing a cable he made in
1842 insulated with cotton surrounded by rubber. The telegraph
being the first commercial use to which electricity was applied,
naturally called for insulated wire, and continual experiments
were made by the Magnetic Telegraph Co., looking for a satis-
factory insulation for submarine wires for river crossings, un-
til finally a cable was laid across the Hudson from New York
to Fort Lee in 1843, manufactured by Day.

This cable was followed in 1845 by another rubber cable made
by Charles Goodyear for Ezra Cornell. From this small be-
ginning the business of insulating wires naturally increased with
the growth of electricity, for the various purposes, and the names
of Day, Brixey, Habirshaw, Requa, and Reed are closely identi-
fied with the development and building up of the insulated wire
industry in America.

The manufacturers of insulated wires and cables are now
using enormous quantities of the best Para rubber and the con-
stant increase in the demand for their products has led the more
far-sighted to closely investigate the supply from its fountain
head. One large wire corporation sent two of its experts to
South America to arrange for a constant supply direct from the
forests. The trip proved highly satisfactory and a large quan-
tity of rubber was purchased on the ground at a price that paid
the expense of the trip, though financial complications arose to
prevent a continuation of the business.

The importance of the quality of the gum used in insulation is
hardly appreciated by manufacturers of mechanical goods. The
rubber must not only be uniformly elastic, but of such a quality
that it will constantly stand the strain of the electric current.

The importance of quality can better be appreciated when it
is recalled that our battleships are literally managed, the guns
pointed, loaded and fired by electricity, all controlled from a
central point over rubber insulated wires. The United States navy
specifications are very rigid and state that the compound shall
contain from 39 to 44 per cent, by weight of fine Para rubber. Any
deviation from these specifications, which they detect by chemi-
cal analysis, means a rejection of the entire length of conductor.

The United States signal corps, which controls and operates
all the telegraph and telephone lines owned by the government,
has at the present time over 2,524 miles of rubber insulated deep
sea cables in the Alaska territory. There is a similar system
connecting the islands of the Philippine group operating over
1,572 miles of rubber cables in various circuits. The army,
using as it does such a large amount of cable, and having con-
stantly in mind the trying conditions under which it must be laid,
has carefully mapped out a set of specifications calling for a
compound containing 40 per cent, of pure Para rubber, by chemi-
cal analysis, mixed with dry mineral water only.

The specifications laid down by the government have natur-

ally been made use of by electrical engineers for commercial
work, as with the ever increasing voltage used power trans-
mission the quality of the conductors must be improved to stand
the break-down test. Rubber cables are to-day carrying suc-
cessfully 20,000 volts pressure on underground lines and one
plant now being constructed will use twelve miles of underground
conductors under a working pressure of 28,000 volts.

Telephone companies are also very large users of rubber in-
sulation. Every telephone is connected from the point where the
service cable enters the building with wire direct to the instru-
ment, made under the rigid specifications of the American Bell
Telephone Co. Requirements as rigid as the National Board of
Fire Underwriters are insisted upon and all wire is tested by
the engineering representative of the telephone company before
delivery.

During the past few years some of the manufacturers have
attempted to use guayule in combination with higher grade rub-
bers. Results, however, have been anything but satisfactory as
not only mechanical, but electrical conditions have to be consid-
ered in an insulator. Electro-chemical effects are constantly tak-
ing place in a rubber compound that is not properly mixed, and
9n excessive amount of free sulphur not only causes the in-
sulation to deteriorate, but in many cases has corroded the wire
itself so that ruptures have taken place and the resulting arc
from the electrical current has started fires.

African, Madagascar, and other cheaper grades of rubber have
been experimented with, but owing to the strict specifications
of engineers they will probably never make much headway in
this industry, as years of tests have proven that only Para rub-
ber, when properly compounded, will meet all the conditions to
which a wire is subject and carry a current without loss to the
desired distributive point.

Rubber wires have been in use in buildings in New York
city for over twenty years. A sample of the original conductor
with which the Fifth Avenue Hotel was wired in 1888, on being
taken out during the destruction of that building this year, was
in as good condition as when originally installed. This wire had
not been placed in conduits, as is the present practice, but it had
been strung on insulators between the floors separated only by
fireproofing material from other wires. It had been subjected
to extreme heat in fact ; met the most trying conditions imagin-
able, but is still as elastic as on the day it was installed, and
the density of the compound shows that the insulation is in no
way impaired.

There are two methods employed in the insulating of wire with
rubber. In the older or "cut" process, the rubber compound is
first calendered in sheets, then cut in narrow strips and placed
on the wire lengthwise, the edges of the strips being pressed to-
gether by roll cutters, making two longitudinal seams the whole
length of the conductors, which are sealed in vulcanizing. The
other process is known as the "seamless method" whereby the
compounded rubber is forced through a die around the conduc-
tor, thus making a uniform or seamless surface. This system, it
will readily be seen, does not depend on the heat of vulcanizing
to form the compound into a homogeneous mass. Both methods
have their advantages, the latter or "seamless" process being speci-
fied by the government for their submarine cables, owing to the
fact that a conductor laid in the bottom of the sea must stand
enormous water pressure, and it is thought that a seamed insula-
tion might open under this strain, thus destroying the insulation
of the cable.

One of the greatest aids to the industry was perfected a few
years ago when the Wire Manufacturing Engineers' Association

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

11

was formed. This organization consists of the practical men 01
the larger companies who at monthly meetings codify specifica-
tions so that the quality of rubber compounds for various voltages
would be the same with each manufacturer. All suggestions by
electrical engineers were carefully considered and any new meth-
od or material discovered is carefully discussed for the general
benefit of the rubber wire industry.

To-day, instead of having each manufacturer's catalogue de-
scribe a different form of wire for a stated purpose, the various
types are standardized, avoiding the necessity of the lighting en-
gineers specifying as to the thickness of insulations, percentage
of rubber and the like.

The larger portion of rubber insulations manufactured is used
in the wiring of houses and office buildings for electric lighting
and interior communication. The electric current penetrating
every portion of buildings would naturally be a great source of
danger unless it was properly controlled. This has led the Na-
tional Board of Fire Underwriters to make specifications which
are rigidly insisted upon in the installation of electric lighting in
all buildings.

The Underwriters' rules were sometime ago further developed
by the formation of a testing bureau, under whose direction every
foot of wire entering any building in the United States or Can-
ada was tested under the supervision of the representatives of the
Board of Fire Underwriters after it had been submerged in
water for a stated period. The wire that withstood this rigid test
was tagged and only such certified wire was allowed in any build-
ing on which a policy was given by the insurance companies.

Various samples are taken from time to time from buildings
and from the factories where the wire is made, and presented
to chemists to see that the compounds contained a sufficient quan-
tity of rubber to meet the service requirements. In 1888, when
electric lighting and the use of the telephone began to assume
something like their present proportions, there were but five man-
ufacturers in America making rubber insulations. These com-
panies guarded their secrets very closely and the enormous growth
of their business naturally led to profits which interested manufac-
turers of other rubber goods in this line of business. To-day
there are sixteen or more manufacturers in this country turning
out rubber insulations, but unfortunately it has been remarked by
engineers that while some of the newer concerns have shown
great merit in the manufacture of mechanical rubber goods, their
compounds were not always suitable to stand the electrical stress
and mechanical requirements which must be ever present in an
insulated conductor.

This has been somewhat improved by the gradual shifting of
some of the experts of the older companies to the new, but a
close examination of the product shows room for further im-
provement, and it is believed that the newer companies will soon
discover that the making of electrical goods call for the trained
engineering in combination with manufacturing experience.

With the continued increase in the use of electricity in our
every day life, the supply of rubber insulated wires must nec-
essarily keep pace. As there is a constant improvement in all
forms of electrical apparatus more high grade wire will be
used. The amount of Para for this purpose may at some time
in the near future be greater than that used in any other branch
of the rubber industry. Although this high grade compound
is required for insulating wires none of it is ever recovered as in
the case of mechanical goods. Electrical wires when replaced are
usually sold for the amount of copper they contain, no attention
being paid to the rubber compound, as it is separated from the
metal by burning.

4,000,000 marks [=$952,840] capital, to lay and work submarine
cables from Germany to Brazil and to German West Africa. The
capital stated is to be increased from time to time, in proportion
to the progress of the enterprise. The new cables will be made in
Germany, at the works of the Norddeutsche Seekabclwerke Ak-
tiengescllschaft, at Nordenham a/Wcser.

The manufacture of. submarine cables in Germany has now
assumed iniiiortant proportions, and seems likely to become even
more important, owing to the disposition of Germany to own and
control its own cable lines as it does its own ocean steamers.
The Deutsch-Atlantische Telegraphen-Gesellschaft now owns
two cables between Germany and New York, which are operated
profitably. The first of the two cables was made in England, but
by the time it was laid the Nordenham works, due to the enter-
prise of Felten & Guillaume, the insulated wire people, and
Franz Clouth, the Cologne rubber manufacturer, were in readi-
ness for work, so that Germany has not since been obliged to rely
upon foreigners for any sort of cable construction.

RUBBER SHOES IN CHINA.

[from "d.mly consul.\r .\nd tr.\de reports."]
pONSUL-GENERAL AMOS P. WILDER, reporting from
^^ Hongkong, says that the extent of importations of india-
rubber boots and shoes into south China has long been consider-
able, and at certain times American exporters have enjoyed a
large part of this business. Mr. Wilder enters upon a discussion
of the trade :

The customs returns for 1906 (the latest complete) show im-
ports through the Canton custom-house "from foreign countries
and Hongkong" of 404,522 pairs with a value expressed in United
States currency of about $242,615 This is surely a trade worth
cultivating. Practically all these importations pass through Hong-
kong. The North British Rubber Co., Limited, is doing a large
part of the business at present, their goods being sold through
an English firm here which guarantees the sales and receives a
commission for their services. Brand or "chop" plays a large part
with the Chinese in buying rubber boots and shoes as in all else.

In 1902-3, owing to a shortage of supply for some reason from
England and the Continent, other brands got in, including Ameri-
can rubber goods. Since then other attempts, some on a large
scale, to break into the old patronage, have been made, but usually
the experiment has proved an expensive innovation. At present
the rubber shoes are British ; to a less extent of Russian, German
and Austrian manufacture. One of the most popular brands of
rubber shoes (British) is quoted at about $130 per case of 100
pairs assorted in sizes 9 to loj^ inches. This price is in Hong-
kong currency, the Hongkong dollar now being worth about 44
cents gold. [This would give a gold value of 57.2 cents per
pair.] Rubber shoes arc kept in stock by the European dealers,
Chinese dealers paying cash when they take delivery from the
stock.

If American rubber bnot and shoe nuunifacturers are to get
into this market, they must meet the prices of their competitors,
and establish a "chop" which should he registered as a trade-
mark in Hongkong and China. There is a practice of importing
unbranded shoes, which are then stamped by the Chinese in imi-
tation of ether "chops." To get new brands of shoes popular
among the Chinese, some wise advertising would be necessary.

It may be noted that the Chinese are more and more taking to
"European" styles ©f leather boots and shoes. The rubber shoe
has long been popular with them in a country where there is so
much wet weather, and a favorite size is a half-height shoe.

A GERMAN CABLE TO BRAZIL.

TPHE German-South .■\merican Telegraph Co.. Limited (as

•^ the company's name would be expressed in English),

has been formed with headquarters at Cologne, with

The late Russell Sage, the New York banker, whose estate
was appraised officially at $66,356,718.90, is reported to have had
considerable holdings in shares of the United States Rubber Co.
and the American Telegraph and Cable Co.

12

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

Machinery for the Balata Industry.

THE constant increase in the production of balata [see The
India Rubber World, August i, 1908 — page 372], which is
nowhere to be obtained except in comparatively inaccessi-
ble regions, in the face of greater than the ordinary difficulties, so
that, measured by the price of cr.iJe n-hber, it is never a cheap
commodity, indicates that there must be an incessant growth in
the demand for goods of a type for which no ether gum is so
suitable as balata. It appears that the manufacture of balata
goods is still contincd to a few ■ factories, the use of this gum
not yet having been undertaken in rubber factories generally.

even in the manufacture of mechanical goods, such as belting,
in which line balata has met with its greatest demand.

The present and prospective importance of balata in the rub-
ber industry has led to the designing of many machines spe-
cially fitted for use in connection with this gum. It is in order,
by the way, to record here a tribute to the designers and builders
of machinery, as a more important factor than may have been
recognized, generally, in the development of the india-rubber
and allied industries. As The Indi.\ Rubber World sometime
has pointed out. what are called "inventions" are not, as a rule.

Ll.\L,\i.\ Washing M.\chine.
[Designed tc wash 2 cwts. of balata at one washing; driven with gear,
ing from main shaft fitted with disengaging gear. Washing capacity, 10
cwts. in 10 hours.]

Single Coating Solutioning Machine 60 ins. Wide.

[Comprising one front upris^ht hot box 10 feet high. Machine with 2
sets of cast iron rollers (hollow), solutioning trough and bogey, dipping
roller with brackets, doctor blades for cleaning back roller, fast and
loose pulleys, and belt striker with necessary gables and gearing for roll-
ers. Double countershaft with tapered cones, belt striker, pulley for driv-
ing the machine, also fast and locse pulleys on countershaft. Belt striker
and driving pulley for main shaft. L-shaped hot box, horizontal length
J5 feet, upright end 15 feet. Brackets and sparred rollers for drying
arrangement, pair nipping rollers for recoiling the web, with gearing, fast
and loose pulleys, and belt striker with necessary steam traps and wheel
valves. Weight, 30 tons, complete.]

the result of one man's work. It may be that the merest sug-
gestion of a new application of rubber occurs to a man un-
familiar with the qualities of this material, and certainly not
competent, personally, to deal with it. He consults a rubber
manufacturer, whose more practical knowledge leads to sug-
gestions which further the development of the "invention." But

Solution Mi.\ek.

[With copper-jacketed steam pan, with gearing, fast and loose pulleys,
belt stitcher, sleam trap, saftty valves, and main driving pulley. Weight.
2 tons. Additional; Two stock solution tins, steam-jacketed with spring
safety valve, and carbon solution tin.]

Xu'i'iNG Rollers fur Recoiling.

October i, igoS.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

13

Rii'riNG Machine iuk Bklt Slittek.

[Comprisine two cables, pair cast ircn rollers, tension bars. raisinR and
lowtrinR rcU'r to suit knives and pointer's, knife and pointer bar with
6 knives and 12 pointers, power-driven folding arrangement, fast and
loose puUcvs, and belt striker; also, driving luilky for main shaft.]

Belt Cuxeki.ng AIachine 45 in.';. Wuik.

(Hot box 18 feet x 45 inches broad, with bracket and rollers; 2 rows
steam pii'es. steam traps and wheel valves. Machine, i set tension roll-
ers (cast iron), 4 sets corrugated rolltrs (brass) with steel gudgeons,
gables, and necessary gcarins. Driving puiky tables, blanket carrying
standards and rollers (wcod), driving roller (cast iron) driven with
chain gear fitted with disengaging gear. One set drag rollers and coilcr
combined with necessary gearint:, tast and loose pulleys, and friction
pulley on coder. Fences on table of drag rollers. Raising standards with
spindle and flangi s. -■ sets countershafts (double), with 3 stepped cones
nn each shaft. Weight 3 tons.]

Belt Sticking IMachine 60 ins. Wide.

(Hot box 18 feet long x 5 feet wide, with brackets and rollers: 3
rows steam pipes, steam traps, and wheel valves. Machine, i set tension
rollers, 4 sets corrugated rnllcrs with steel jTudgeons. cables and gearing,
driving pulley, tables, blank carrying standards and rollers (wood). Driv-
ing roller (cast iron), driven with chain gear fitted with disengaguig
gear, belt coiling machine, raising standard with spindle, and flanges.
Double counter shaft with stenoed cones, necessary pulley for machine-,
also fast ami loose pulley and belt striking arrangement, driving pull- y
for mai:i shaft. Wufht "ab v.t 14 Ions, complete.]

J

lH^

J

^Ci^

•• ^M * ^^M_^ I^L^^^

«.- '-'i*l

^^%

^

^^^S^L~

^'- -niM

-^?r^>j -» •

^l(MWiB^^^^^'^'*v

Drag Roller and Coiler.

[For belt-covering machines, 45 inches wide. For recoiling the belt
from the blanket carrier.!

Another View
[Showing hot boxes.]

Belt Sticking Machines.

Hydraulic Belt Stretching ^Machine.

[Two 8-inch hydraulic rams with malleable cylinders and cast iron
rams with lo-foot stroke: r<pc pulleys, guide posts, pressure gages, stays,
two quadrant vertical jockey pulleys, double jockey horizontal slide stand-
ard and sole plates for receiving shafts and special pulleys (72 of eacn),
steel brackets to suit the channels for anchoring special lengths of belts,
hydraulic double-acting pump, 3,000 pounds pressure. Weight 51 tons.J

14

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

even this may not be enough, and, finally, the engineer— the
machine builder — may have to be called in before the mechan-
ical production of the new article is possible, at least on a
commercial basis.

Traveling Coiler.

[Comprising with vertical double cylinder, reversing engine, /J/j bore x
lo-inch stroke, fitted on gearing bedplate, then on to large sole plate
with sliding coiler for pulling off, and on the belts to the stretching ma-
chine, and recoiling the belts after being stretched. Will coil a belt up
to 45 inches wide. ^^'eieht ii ton?,]

Another View of Tr.weling Coiler.

Twenty-Four Inch Belt Trimming Machine,

[Comprising one set of raising standards, spindle, and flanges; trimming
machine with gables; two sets plain rollers (cast iron), with saddle and
adjustable knives; guide pulley on table; gearing and fast and loose pulley
on machine and a measure; one 24-inch Belt Coiling Machine with friction
pulley, countershaft with pulleys for driving machines in unison, fast and
loose pulleys and bolt striking gear, with trimming knives from 2-ply up
to lo-ply. Weight 3^ tons.]

It is not necessary here to discuss the peculiar properties of
balata which render desirable a special line of machinery for its
manipulation in the factory, but it may prove of interest to pre-
sent views of several machines of this class, with a brief descrip-
tion of it. And in doing so we leei I'nai; not the least share of
credit in the development of the industrial uses of balata is
due to those who have brought these machines into existence.
They have taken chances — discounted the future, so to speak —
in devoting their intelligence and their energy to creating newr
factory outfits in advance of a pressing active demand, though
it is evident now that the demand has arrived.

DICK'S BALATA PATENTS.

The development of the balata belting industry owes much
to the work done in this branch by the important manufactur-
ing firm now styled R. & J. Dick, Limited, of Greengate, Glas-
gow, Scotland. While the business was conducted as a part-
nership, under the personal attention of the two brothers who
founded it, some patents relating to balata were taken out by
Robert Dick, the elder brother. As is well known, however,
patents are not always any too informing, and the factory secrets
of the Dick firm were always particularly well guarded. Prob-
ably very few persons — possibly no one — outside of the inost
trusted employes know how their balata is really made.

It may or may not be of suggestive value to the trade to have
some details of a British patent (No, 7524 — 1886), granted to Rob-
ert Dick. It related to compounds for canvas driving belts, and,
secondly, to a mixing and masticating machine for preparing
and vulcanizing these compounds ; at least such is the language
of the specification. Two compounds are embraced under the
patent referred to :

COMPOUND no. I.

[A hard tangle compound, for driving belts.]

Pure, cleaned, hard gutta-percha Parts 28.

Pure, clean, touch, selected gutta-percha or "balata" (preferably,

more than less) ". 11.

Pure, clean "law white" — a new gutta-percha (preferably less rather

than more) _ ■ 9-

"Crumb" or good ground old vulcanized india-rubber 34.

H ardwood veneer dust 5-

Sulphur 6.50

Zincoxide (or zinc dust) 3-25

flocking, of cut fiber of cotton textile fabrics 3.25

Total 100.

COMPOUND NO. 2.

[A softer, more elastic rubbery compound, for lighter driving belts.]

Pure, cleaned, tough gutta-percha Parts 8.50

Pure, cleaned "balata" or selected gutta-percha 8,^"

Pure, cleaned "law white" gutta-percha 24

"Crumb" 33

Hardwood veneer dust 5

French chalk, powdered 6

Sulphur 6'

Zinc oxide (or zinc dust) 3

Flocking •. .■?

.Mum, ground 3

Total 100.

The necessary apparatus for use in connection with these
compounds is described in the same specification. Under another
patent Mr. Dick described applying gutta-percha solution to
canvas by running an endless belt over a table, presumably
spreader fashion, coating one side of the fabric, then passing it
over a fiber, the fabric being guarded by sheet iron flame traps
so that it will not ignite, the heat of the fire causing the solu-
tion to pass into the fabric ; then it is run over spiked rollers
to dry it, after which it is wound on a reel. Subsequently the
other side of the fabric is treated the same way.

In Para, Brazil, New York bottled beer sells for $1. Para
is where much of the world's supply of rubber comes from.
The demand for automobile tires has increased the price of
rubber. Para's prosperity shows itself by putting up the price
of beer. — Nezv York World.

It is reported that an insulated wire and cable works, the first
in Holland, is to be be established at Doetinchem, near the
border of Westphalia.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

15

The India Rubber— Trade in Great Britain.

By Our Regular Correspondent.

IN my last notes I made some reference to rubber planting
in Tobago, and since then I have had the opportunity of dis-
cussing this part of the world on the occasion of the visit
to Lancashire of West India cotton growers under the leader-
ship of Sir Daniel Morris. Strictly speaking, the topic of cot-
PLANTiNG IN t°" growing hardly comes up for con-

THE BRITISH sideration in this journal, but as all

WEST INDIES. rubber manufacturers buy cotton cloth

of some sort or otlier I am not traveling far out of the range of
legitimate topics. Judging from the speeches delivered at the
various meetings, there is no doubt as to the success which has
attended the cotton growing movement in the West Indies — more,
perhaps, in Antigua, Barbados, and Montscrrat than in Jamaica.
The British Cotton Growers' Association, it may be said, has for
its president and moving spirit Sir Alfred Jones, k. c. m. g.,
head of the Elder Dempster Shipping Co., and he has all along
maintained that the movement which received by no means uni-
versal support in Lancashire would prove a commercial suc-
cess, both in the West Indies and in West Africa. I said in
my last notes that the sugar growers were to a great extent
giving up their business and starting rubber plantations. Ac-
cording, however, to one of the cotton planting delegates,
sugar is still to remain as the king, with cotton as the queen
of planting interests. Nothing was said about rubter plant-
ing, and I am left to infer that its position will be that of knave
rather than ace. One of the speakers referred to the fact that
in some cases where a year or two ago they had obtained very
satisfactory financial results, the area under cultivation had since
been enlarged and pests and disease had made their presence
felt, with the effect of seriously diminishing the profits. These
facts are not without significance to acclimatized rubber planters,
as there are not wanting pessimists who forsee an analogous
condition of affairs. Sir Alfred Jones's interests are by no means
confined to cotton growing, and in the conversation I had with
him and Sir Ralph D. R. Moor, k. c. m. c, late governor of
Southern Nigeria, rubber topics were prominent.

With regard to the much needed improvement in certain
West African brands of rubber. Sir Ralph was emphatic that
this could only be effected by penalizing the merchants for ex-
porting rubber under a certain degree of cleanliness or purity.
If this were done, the merchants would socn give the native
gatherers to understand that inferior stuff would find no market,
and that it was itnperative for them to mend their ways. This,
he said, would prove much more efficacious than any attempts
to overlook or control operations in the forest. At the same
time, the necessity for scientific research in connection with the
tapping and coagulation was recognized, and there is plenty of
opportunity for those who feel inclined to brave the rigors of
the climate. According to Sir Alfred Jones the work done by
the Liverpool School of Tropical Research has made West
Africa quite healthy. This probably means that a great improve-
ment has been effected in the conditions formerly prevailing ; I
hardly suppose that West Africa is as yet diverting the stream of
tourists from the recognized sanatoria.

So far the present year has proved more prolific in legal cases
than any vvhicli I can call to memory. The long protracted case
of Huttcnbach v. North Western Rub-
ber Co. has finally gone against the
Huttenbach Co. in the Court of Appeal.
By the way, a printer's error recently led to my making a
statement in these notes to the effect that Pontianak as sold was
usually dry. What I intended to say was that it was frequently
very wet, low qualities containing over 60 per cent, of water.

RUBBER IN THE
LAW COURTS.

Its exportation from Borneo in this state is in accordance
with the general procedure with rubber out there, soaking in water
being adopted as a safeguard against oxidation. Best quality
jelutong, which has been as low as ii4 10s. per ton, is now
£18, and Liverpool merchants find it difficult to book forward lots
at a reasonable figure, so much of it being wanted for the
United States, which is still by far the most important market.
This is rather a digression from the legal case with which I
started, but an attempt to summarize the legal proceedings in
which both sides scored a certain amount would take up too
much space. The same remark may be made with regard to the
New Motor and General Rubber Co., Limited, v. David Moselcy
& Sons, Limited, which went against the latter firm ; Lotter v.
Waste Rubber Co,, and Francis Shaw & Co., v. the Sirdar
Rubber Co., Limited. The point as to whether certain motor
tire molds were correctly made going in favor of the well-
known firm of rubber engineers. Such cases as these are rarely
reported in the legal columns of the London press and only
superficially if at all in the local papers. Where the amounts
involved are not very large it seems somewhat surprising that
the publicity of the courts is resorted to when this means the
unveiling of private business procedure tn the gaze of competitors.

I wonder if the following observation made by counsel in the
wa,ste rubber case will be generally accepted in America? When
waste rubber was sent to America, he said, it was quite a com-
mon thing for it to be rejected, because the firms over there
knew that by that means they could squeeze the unfortunate
Englishman into accepting a lower price rather than pay for
the goods to be shipped home again.

The introduction of power signalling on railways has neces-
sitated the employment of vulcanized rubber cables in a new
sphere, and there seems every probability

RUBBER CABLES FOR ^f ^ greatly increased demand for this

RAILWAY SIGNALLING. ... , , ,, . . ^_

particular type of cable. A word or two
on the subject generally may therefore prove of interest, more
particularly to those connected with the cable branch of the
rubber industry. Although one or two other systems of power
signalling are being tried, the greatest success seems to have
been attained by the McKenzie Holland and Westinghouse Power
Signal Co., Limited, of Westminster, a concern which incor-
porates the Westinghouse Signal Co., of America, with the old-
established signal firm McKenzie & Holland, of Worcester,
England. This system, which may be called an electro-pneumatic
one, has already established itself firmly in America, and large
installments have already been completed or are in progress on
British railways. Without going too deeply into mechanical de-
tails, the following remarks on the mechanism of the system may
be allowed. The points and signals are worked by compressed
air, which is controlled electrically from the signal cabin. This
control is obtained by electro-magnetic valves in connection
with each air cylinder, and they are energized, or de-energized,
as the case may be, by the movement and resultant position of
the lever in the signal cabin. Some of the benefits incidental to
this .system are speed and reliability in operation, additional safe-
guards that would be impractical with a mechanical installation,
a saving in the number of signal boxes and signal men — as a
larger area can be controlled from one box — and the relief of the
signalmen from exhausting manual labor. The rubber cables, of
course, connect the valve of the air cylinder on the signal part
with the signal cabin. They are only of small diameter, not
more than ^-inch over all, including the lead covering. The best
quality of rubber is required and the cables are submitted to
certain electrical tests by the company before use.

16

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

We have heard so much of late about the forthcoming synthetic

rubber that a reference to another tree product which has been

successfully synthetized may not be

SYNTHETIC CAMPHOE. without interest. More than one chemi-
cal process has been employed for mak-
ing s>Tithetic camphor, and there is no special patent in existence
which makes the business a monopoly for one firm. It is im-
portant to recognize this because it has been assumed from the
failure of a company specially concerned with the manufacture
that the commercial production of synthetic in itself has proved
a failure. This is far from being the case, as one or two chemical
firms, by reason of their intimate knowledge of the processes in-
volved, are now making it successfully. Firstly, a product some-
what similar to camphor is made, this being iso-borneol acetate,
and this after being saponified and oxidized yields actual cam-
phor. This is the same as the natural product, except in its optical
character. Curiously enough, the synthetic camphor is composed of
equal parts of dextro and lavo rotatory sulistance while the nat-
ural is entirely dextro rotatory. Unless a very close combination
is effected between the Formosa producers and the chemical manu-
facturers it is clear that the celluloid makers who are the prin-
cipal users will reap most of the benefit from the discovery,
a considerable reduction in price having already occurred. At the
same time buyers of natural camphor are not disposed to take
up the new product without a considerable inducement in the
price, recent quotations showing that while the Formosa camphor
sells at 2s. sd. per pound, the synthetic is priced at is. lod.
According to those closely connected with the trade there is little
likelihood of any combination being effected between the growers
and the chemical manufacturers to keep up prices, so that a
further decline may be confidently looked for.

SOLUTION FOR CEMENT WORK.

UNDER the heading "Quellung oder Losung" (Turgescence
or Solution), an unsigned article in the Gummi-Zeitiing
contains some matter of considerable interest to the rubber
cement manufacturer. The writer thereof mentions Macintosh
as the pioneer in manufacture of waterproof cloth, who also
applied his rubber cement for sticking together his "kamptulikon"
tiles. These were cut from sheets made by mixing cork powder,
fibrous materials, and india-rubber. It is said that these tiles were
extensively used as a lining for the royal mews in Windsor.

From the various solvents used, ether is given as one of the
least satisfactory ones, which has been already applied in early
days by Maquarh and Nees Von Esenbeck, who ran the latex of
a Ficus specimen into the solvent. Solvents in general use, as
gasoline, benzine, naphtha, toluole, and the like, are consid-
ered to swell only the india-rubber and make it sticky and flow-
ing — that is to say, to change only its consistency. The proof
of this proposition the author finds in the difficulty (the author
says impossibility) of filtering a benzine cement through a pa-
per filter.

As the most advisable way to make a rubber benzine cement,
it is recommended to cut the raw rubber in thin slices which are
to be allowed to dry completely before they are soaked in ben-
zine, under careful stirring, and afterwards so much solvent is
added as to get the desired concentration. Any unnecessary stir-
ring is to be avoided, in order to save the tissue of the rubber and
give the cement the highest tenacity.

For incorporating pigments into cement, the author points out
that this should be done on the mixing mill before the rubber
ever touches the solvent. Benzole is given as a specially good
turgescent for rubber. From such a thick india-rubber solution
the rubber itself can be precipitated by alcohol again as a white
substance, which, however, changes its color under the influence
of light and air.

As a true solvent for rubber the author recommends amyl-
acetate which is said to dissolve india-rubber at a normal tem-

perature in the course of a few days, the cement being of a more
or less dark color, according to the concentartion. After evapo-
rating this solvent the india-rubber is recovered unchanged. The
author suggests that this solution is most suitable for impregnat-
ing porous materials, and thinks that the application of such a
solution for impregnating leather gloves for electricians would
be a success.

Though a solution of rubber in amyl-acetate is of a more liquid
consistency than a benzine solution of Para rubber cut from
the blocks and dried, it is hardly conceivable, why, for impreg-
nating purposes, a mechanically broken down rubber would not
answer as well. Such a cement is certainly much cheaper, will
filter through porous material, and make leather gloves certain-
ly as waterproof as an amyl-acetate cement. There is no rea-
son why such an amyl-acetate solution must not be considered
of a strictly colloidal character, which is signified by the qualities
of not being capable of ionisation or conductivity, and only to
very little degree of hydro-diffusion, but on the other hand,
being able under certain conditions to gelatinize or pectise.

ERWIN MEYER, PH.D.

ONE MORE "ARTIFICIAL RUBBER."

[from "the home and colonial mail," LONDON.]

THE claim is made for a professional man of Burton-on-Trent
that he has at last succeeded in making synthetic, or arti-
ficial, india-rubber. According to the Birmingham Daily Post, the
inventor, who does not wish his name to be made public, main-
tains that his is real rubber, which could be sold at quite 25 per
cent, less than the present price of natural rubber, and then a
margin would be left for a good profit. He has decided to pro-
mote a factory in Burton for the manufacture of the rubber —
that is, if everything turns out as he confidently believes it will.

His achievement, he said, had involved tremendous work by
day and many sleepless nights, and on more than one occasion his
patience had been tried almost to breaking point. This limit was
once actually reached. He had got the material into a certain con-
dition, but could get no further with it. This, coming upon a
long series of disappointments, induced a feeling of disgust, and
in annoyance and despair he left the stuff, giving the thing up as
a bad job. A few days later, in passing through his laboratory,
he casually glanced at the mixture, and, to his astonishment and
unbounded delight, there it stood corigealed to the very point for
which he had been striving for years. "You see," he explained,
"it was necessary for the preparation to cool before it developed
correctly, and so, in a sense, the discovery — at least in its final
stage — was accidental."

This is by no means the first time that artificial rubber has been
announced among new discoveries. There are reasons for believ-
ing, however, says our contemporary, the Financial Nezvs, that the
present scheme is more serious than any of its predecessors, and
that it is likely to be vigorously taken in hand.

PROGRESS IN PERU'S RUBBER AREA.

THE Loreto Commercial, a Peruvian newspaper, in a recent
article on the work of the Peru-Para Rubber Co. ( Chi-
cago), refers to what has been accomplished by their supervising
engineer, Senor Oscar Mavila, in the matter of constructing
roads through the rubber lands covered by the company's con-
cession. Those roads are expected to have an important influ-
ence on the business of Loreto, since rubber may now be
brought there overland in six days from points whence formerly
it could only be brought in a roundabout way by canoes, some-
times requiring thirty days or more. The Commercial also men-
tions the importation by the company a telephone system, with
sixty-two miles of wire, which is expected to facilitate the work-
ing of rubber at a greater distance from the water courses than
has been the case hitherto.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

17

The Annexation of the Congo to Belgiu

m.

By Hon. James Gustavus IVIiileley*

THE American rubber trade has quite an interest in Congo
affairs on account of the fact that the Congo Free State
is an important source of crude rubber. For the past few
years that country has been maintaining an annual output of
about 10,000,000 pounds. Approximately half of this rubber
eventually finds its way to New York via Antwerp.

It does not seem probable that the transfer of the Congo Free
State to the Belgian government will have any marked influence
on the rubber production of Central Africa or will, in any serious
way, interfere with the proper development of the concessionary
companies. There is nothing unexpected or revolutionary about
the affair ; it is simply the consummation of King Leopold's long
cherished plan to give his people a colony as an outlet for their
energies. The King got the expansion idea long before his sub-
jects took it up. Nearly 30 years ago he saw that the Congo
was a good thing going a-begging, so he put his mark on it and
reserved it for the Belgians whenever they should get ready to
take it over. For many years the Congo was looked upon
by the world in general as an expensive royal hobby. To ex-
plore the country, to establish means of communication, to drive

Leopold II, King of the Beu;i.\ns.

out the Arab slave traders and generally to "set the house in
order" cost much good Belgian blood and much of the King's
treasure, for the expenses came out of His Majesty's private
pocket. Now that the heat and burden of the day is passed and
the Congo is self supporting, the Belgians are willing to take it
over and the King has handed it to them as a royal gift.

The annexation bill finally passed the Belgian parliament on
September 9. The treaty of session between the Congo govern-
ment and Belgium provides that the rights of all concessionaires
shall be respected and that Belgium shall take over all the
Congo's contracts and obligations as well as its assets.

The most valuable asset is, of course, the natural wealth of the
country, which occupies nearly as much territory as the portion
of the United States lying east of the Mississippi river, and which
is extremely rich in rubber, ivory and copper.

In addition to this asset, Belgium receives stocks and bonds,
real estate in Europe, ammunition, stores, equipment, et cetera,
valued at more than $22,000,000.

On the -jther hand the liabilities of the Congo state, consist-
ing chielly in outstanding bonds, amount to approximately
$22,000,000.

These last two items about offset one another, leaving the
vast natural resources of the country practically unencumbered.

King Leopold also turns over to Belgium all the lands and
funds of the Fondation of the Crown, which embraces among
other things quite an important tract of rubber forest lying to
the east of Lake Leopold, and the revenues from which have hith-
erto been set aside in a separate fund by the King's orders,
and used for public improvements in Belgium as well as in the
Congo.

In consideration of receiving this Crown property in addition
to the rest of the Congo, Belgium agrees to respect the conces-
sions granted in the crown lands to two companies in which
Americans are interested, and to the Mission of the Scheut Fath-
ers; to continue to pay a subvention of $12,000 to certain Catholic
missions working in the district; to grant Prince Albert a small
civil list of $24,000 until he ascends the throne; and to give the
Princess Clementine $15,000 a year until her marriage.

•Consul General in the United States of the Congo Free State.

.American Concession on the Congo.

[The sliaded portion on the left ilenotes the 3,800 square miles ceded
t<i the -Xniericaii Congo Co. The domaitic tic ta couronnc is outlined,
and the areas under concession to the ABIR, Kasai, and Katanga com-
panies. A detail map of the American concession is given on the upper
right hand.]

Belgium also promises to finish certain public improvements
already begun and which are to cost not more than $9,000,000.

Belgium agrees further to create a fund of $10,000,000, which
shall be used by the Crown, with the sanction of the Colonial
office, for the benefit of the colony, especially in such works as
schools, hospitals, subsidies to missions and scientific expeditions.

It will be observed that the only two important amounts that
Belgium is called upon to pay (namely the $9,000,000 and $10,-
000,000 funds) are expected to come out of Congo revenue and,
moreover, she practically pays it to herself as the money is to
go on public improvements in Belgiuin and in the new colony.

The only thing the King demands for himself is the right to
continue to make use, during his life, of certain palaces of the
Congo Crown situated in Belgium and on the Cote d'Azur and to
receive the proprietary right in 100,000 acres of land in the Congo
where he proposes to carry on experiments in the cultivation of
coffee and cocoa as a useful object lesson to colonists.

18

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

The budget of the Belgian kingdom and the Colonial budget
are to be kept separate and the Congo bonds are not considered,
legally, as a claim on Belgium but only on the colony. This ques-
tion caused some debate in parliament, but is of little practical
importance as, in the first place, there is not likely to be any
default on those securities and, in the second place, if there were,
Belgium would probably find it expedient to stand behind the
colonial bonds.

. So much for the treaty of cession which seems to start the
colony on a fair basis and which, by providing for the two de-
velopment funds (of $9,000,000 and $10,000,000 respectively)
seems to insure that Belgium shall expend a proper amount on
improvement of the property in accordance with the policy which
has prevailed during the King's personal administration.

As far as the machinery of administration goes there is quite a
change. The country passes from the personal rule of the King
to the control of the Belgian parliament. There is to be a
Colonial minister, as in England, who will be responsible to the
Belgian parliament. There will also be a Colonial council, con-
sisting of fourteen members, eight of whom will be appointed by
the Crown and six by parliament, so that every shade of opinion
will be represented. The finances will be controlled by parlia-
ment, which will consider and vote on the budget each year.
Proposals for concessions will be laid before parliament
before final action. If there is any objection to the condi-
tions, parliament may of course bring in a vote of "want of con-
fidence" in the ministry and thus overthrow the proposition.

There has been quite an agitation against the existing Congo
concessions which seems to have originated among certain
Englishmen who had none. Far be it from me to say that they
were not actuated by the most disinterested motives, for they
themselves have publicly proclaimed the purity of their purposes.
It was claimed that the Congo concessions were contrary to
the Berlin treaty by which the Powers (including the Congo
government) bound themselves not to grant any "monopoly" in
the Congo basin — a geographical term which includes posses-
sions of France, Germany, Portugal, and England as well as the
Congo Free State. As there are a number of competing con-
cessionary companies in the Belgian Congo it is diflftcult to see
how any "monopoly" has been created. Moreover, the Congo
concessions are "on all fours" with the concessions of the other
powers in the Congo basin. If the Belgian Congo concessions
are not in accordance with the Berlin agreement the concessions
given by other powers in the Congo basin are equally illegal.

The Congo concessions, most of which are for rubber, cover
about one-fifth of the territory. The rest of the rubber forests
is either exploited by the Congo government, or is open territory
where traders may go in and trade indiscriminately. The natives
own their huts and villages and their farms. Most of these
lands are held tribally, but there is no appreciable amount of rub-
ber on these holdings on account of the fact that rubber had
no value to the native until after the arrival of the white men.
Hence, the great rubber forests were never appropriated by the
native tribes.

These concessions have been granted by the Congo govern-
ment on various terms. It may be said in a general way, how-
ever, that the State has usually demanded a half interest
in the profits, or 50 per cent, of the shares, as the price of the
concession. The dividends on these shares have been put into
the government treasury and are used to carry on the admin-
istration. None of it has ever gone to the King personally.

Some of the concessionary companies had, at one time, a large
amount of administrative jurisdiction over their concessionary
districts, almost as much, in fact, as an English "chartered com-
pany." This furnished the companies with a means of coercing
workmen, which was sometimes abused and which was found
undesirable. The King abolished this system several years ago,
so that at the present day no individual or concessionary com-
pany can in any way constrain a native to work. This principle

is embodied in the new Colonial charter (which is a sort of
"constitution" of the new colony), but inasmuch as it has already
been put in operation by the King it will cause no unsettling of
labor conditions.

The rubber companies have to obtain their laborers in the
open labor market by making an attractive offer of wages. In
certain districts it is sometimes a difficult question. The native
has a rather inordinate share of mankind's antipathy towards
work, and as his wants are few and easily satisfied he doesn't al-
ways see the use of "getting busy." Of course there are some
things which every self-respecting native wants, such as an ac-
cordeon, a white umbrella, and enough cloth to buy a wife, and
these things he is willing to work for. After he gets the
wife he generally prefers to "lay down the shovel and the hoe"
and let her support him, whereby he has more time to devote
to the accordeon and the shelter of the white umbrella.

While the labor problem is a difficult one, the rubber companies
find it can be solved by the exercise of tact and patience and
by studying the whims and fancies of the natives so as to offer
them attractive rewards for work. That is the system they
are working under now and the Colonial charter provides for
its perpetuation. A native may work for a rubber company or not
as he pleases. He cannot be constrained in any way. More-
over, a special committee has been constituted to look after the
welfare of the native and to make a report each year.

COTTON PLANTING PROGRESS.

"IPHE production of cotton in Lagos, in British West African
•*■ colony, has not yet reached proportions to cause a revolu-
tion in the markets of the world, but it is not to be overlooked
in dealing with the whole cotton situation. What has been done
affords evidence that the soil and climate of Lagos are favor-
able to cotton planting, and that native labor can be made avail-
able for this work. What is more, the encouragement given by
the British Cotton Growers' Association, backed practically by
the cotton industry of England, is to be taken into account.
The following figures, relating to exports from Lagos for the
first half of 1908, are from an official source: Exports of cotton,
4,001 bales, valued at £37,079 [=$180,444.90] ; exports of cotton
seed, 4,116,96s pounds, valued at £4,458 [=$21,694.86]. Lagos
is now an important source of rubber, but did not reach this
condition all at once ; in fact, it was ten years after the export
of rubber began before it equalled in value in any year the
present output of cotton.

Six prizes for cotton grown in the Federated Malay States
were offered at the fifth joint annual Agri-Horticultural Show,
at Kuala Lumpor, Selangor, held August 10-12.

IS "DIABOLO" DECLINING.

AV/HILE the rival alleged inventors of the game of "Diabolo"
'' in Europe are still at war, the game would seem to be
already on a decline. Although several of the leading sporting
goods firms in America have been active in attempting the intro-
duction of the game on this side of the Atlantic, it has as yet
shown no signs of popularity here. A writer in the New York
Sun says :

"Diabolo did not last long here and indeed never took as it
did in Paris and to a certain extent in London. Last spring and
at the beginning of the summer a good many children were to
be. seen playing it hereabout, but now one is scarcely to be found.
Some of the department stores employed demonstrators to teach
the game to customers, but to little effect.

" 'It's too simple a pleasure and too tame a game for Ameri-
cans to take greatly to it,' said an observer. 'And, furthermore,
few have the patience to learn the little balancing trick.' "

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

19

The Export Trade in Rubber Goods.

By Alexander Macpherson.

[Note. — This article is intended for the man who is considering
the advisability of extending his sphere of usefulness to embrace the
world's markets — not for the manufacturer who is already doing a
large export business.]

BEFORE launching out it is well to consider how you will
handle the business when you get it. If going into the
export of rubber shoes with the idea of working off sur-
plus stocks, "Don't." Lasts for the Australian trade differ ma-
terially from a la mode in America. Northern Europe calls for
larger sizes than elsewhere. It is a mistake to think you can
fill orders from abroad when you are slack, or when you like.
You introduce your goods, your importer sells them for stated
delivery and usually orders well ahead. He has spent his time
and money getting business for you and states that he must have
delivery at a specified time. To be fair, you must ship to meet
his requirements. If you do not, he is out of pocket and so are
you. It has cost you money to open up in new territory, and re-
peat orders are generally required to make a real profit. You
must plan to make from special lasts and to turn out the goods
in time to reach a certain steamer, or a season's trade may be
lost by the importer and a good customer by you. In order
to do a successful export business you must be prepared to give
export orders first attention, even if at a loss of profit obtainable
by marketing an equal given quantity of goods at home.

In mechanical rubber goods you may have to make many
special lines to do any great volume, and plan to ship goods of
dimensions unusual on the home market. To follow the English
practice of turning out garden hose in 60-foot lengths would
mean ripping up the hose room and putting in new plant, and be-
sides you can sell the 50 foot "coils," as the New Zealanders
call them, almost as readily. But it is no use sending 400 foot
rolls of 12 inch 6 ply belting to Mexico, when 100 foot lengths
are ordered done up in separate bales so as to ride mule-back
over the mountains. Your man knows how he wants goods packed.
If he orders "specialties" generally done up by you in cartons,
to be shipped 100 pairs in bulk in a case, he wants them that
way, and he wants them at a figure lower by the price of the
carton. He also wants them in as few cubic feet as possible to
keep down the freight charge. The steamship lines accept your
shipment to be charged for cubic measurement or weight at their
option. The goods may travel thousands of miles and be trans-
shipped many times, and must be packed accordingly. Gsntainers
for home shipment will not do for foreign; cases must be strong
and metal bound ; bales must be doubly secure and compact as
possible. Safeguard against pillage en route.

Export business means increased details in your office, perhaps
extra staff, and the supervision of some of its best members.
It means cablegrams and cable codes to study. You must be
posted on declarations for the different countries and to pay
handsomely for some of them. It mejins being posted on freight
rates and sailings of vessels. Your shipping arrangements must
be made at the ports of sailings. You will educate yourself in
foreign exchange and will get posted on letters of credit, new
forms of drafts and settlement in London by cable. All this
takes time, money and minutest attention to detail. You may
get a heavy foreign mail to-day, the return mail closing next day,
with no other for four weeks, numerous inquiries to answer,
quotations on special lines to give, and a friendly buyer's com-
missions to execute in time for to-morrow. Such occupation
will likely keep you out of mischief for that day and night, but
your staff will hardly he expected to appreciate the extra tasks.
Then there is the study of trade-mark laws to be considered.
Should you, after all, decide seriously to tackle the export busi-

ness, then, (i) Where shall you send your goods? (2) How
shall you introduce and market them? (3) What shall be your
prices? (4) On what terms shall you sell and how collect?
There are many other queries but these are the main ones : the
others are sub queries.

Where Shall You Send Your Goods?

You want to know which countries are most likely to absorb
your goods in the largest quantities and on the most preferred
tariff basis. If you are Canadian, if you go the right way about
it you can obtain fairly accurate information from your govern-
ment at Ottawa. If manufacturing in the United States, a letter
to the department of commerce and labor, inquiring the imports
of stated lines of rubber goods into any given country, to-
gether with the value of goods made in such country, also in-
formation as to the customs tariffs, giving you particularly the
tariff preference your country's goods enjoy, would be likely
to be answered by a letter giving such information or promising
to obtain it for you. It will pay you to be posted in advance.
In Japan there are factories making rubber goods and ready to
promptly fill special orders. British and Canadian manufacturers
send their goods in on a 10 per cent, basis, while the Japanese
collect 40 per cent, ad valorem on those from the United States.
Americans do sell rubber goods in Japan, but these circum-
stances are to be considered. Take Brazil, on the other hand,
with which country the United States have a treaty whereby
certain manufactured products including rubber enter Brazil at
a rate of duty 20 per cent, lower than that collected on goods
made in other countries. Brazil has been developing rapidly,
railways building, no rubber manufacturers there; most stable
government in South America. Why not make full inquiries
about Brazil? But don't spend a thousand or so in trying to
open a market for rubber footwear there. The largest dealers
in leather shoes in Rio de Janeiro told me once that he had had
two cases of sand shoes in stock for years. But under
a high protective tariff some general manufacturing is done.
The established and new railroads are and will be users of
mechanical goods ; mostly all to go from Europe unless American
manufacturers avail themselves of their opportunities. You will
be conferring a blessing on the Brazilians if you establish your
goods on their market. I never saw such rotten rubber goods as
were on the market when I visited it in 1904, and still I sold
good goods, at a fair profit, and more have followed them. These
countries are mentioned for purposes of illustration. The prelim-
inary investigation of any field can be carried on at long range
at practically no expense beyond postage.

How Shall You Introduce and Market Your Goods?
There are many ways. There are the New York exporting
houses who would likely take on your line. You may obtain
a list of importers of your class of goods in a given country.
You may write them with catalogues and price lists. You may
learn of reputable agents and may correspond with them.
At the same time you may take up much time and may burden
your files with a voluminous correspondence. You may be
called upon to send many sainples (no charge), and may be
induced to contribute many dollars towards traveling, office and
advertising expenses, and if your goods are "mechanicals" I am
satisfied that you will only be using up energy, time and money
to no avail. In my experience the right way to introduce and
market your goods abroad is by means of a personal canvass on
the part of one of your head men; the higher up the better, so
long as he is adaptable, has good judgment, has enough decision

20

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

of character to act on his own judgment and sufficient backbone
to stick out for a fair profit and your established export terms.
I shall take the liberty of quoting on this point from a "Report
Upon the Conditions and Prospects of British Trade in Canada,"
by Richard Grigg, special commissioner of the advisory committee
of the British Board of Trade on commercial intelligence:

"To send a son or nephew not long from school on a trip to
Canada, which is designed to combine pleasure, education, and
business, is admirable as far as the two first objects are con-
cerned, and useless or worse than that as regards business. The
men who go out for business purposes should be thoroughly
competent and able to speak with sufficient authority at home to
command attention for the lessons they learn."

The man who goes should know it all when he returns. Be
prepared for a stiff expense account. The "foreigner" is "had" at
all turns. You or your man represents a big house — the farther
away it is the larger it must look. Entertaining cuts a large figure
in some countries, and when the country is reached special clothing
may be required and only procurable at high figures. Suppose
it is decided that you shall go yourself.

What Shall Be Your Prices?

In shoes you can readily obtain the prices of the large exporters
of your country, and although your goods may in your opinion be
much better you will, I think, find that you cannot with your
unknown line obtain at first prices much greater than those of
the other makers unless you give a long exclusive agency to one
buying house in a country, and that without any guarantee of
quantity to be purchased. I had the pleasant experience in one
country of being told by several that my line, which had been
known there for some years, was the best on the market, "but
a little high in price." I have often wondered, aside from the
merits of the goods, whether the "little higher" price had not
something to do with the esteem in which the goods were held.
Determine at what price you can profitably sell your goods net
and then base your selling price and commission upon this figure,
having the prices of the country in mind. This applies to mechan-
icals as well as shoes, but in mechanicals your prices may vary
from those of others more greatly than they can in shoes. The
standards vary so greatly in the former that their profitable
distribution is much a question of salesmanship. Be able to give
prices in the currency of the country, and net figures. Lists
differ in different countries so that discounts do not mean much
to the average foreign buyer. Study foreign moneys and the
metric system.

On What Terms Shall You Sell and How Collect?

Terms are various. I have seen statements showing terms from
90 days to twelve months. On twelve months terms and with
fair prices you may expect to do more business than if you
sell for cash. If you had a salaried staff to sell and collect
you might make your terms the same as at home, but when you
are distributing from North America the only clean safe way
to do business is sight draft against letter of credit or sight draft
against documents. I was diffident about quoting such terms at
first; it seemed to me worse than C. O. D. It seemed unreason-
able that the customer should be expected to pay for the goods
before he had even seen them. But all the large importing houses
are used to it. In fact, one house I know of insists upon paying
cash when they place an order. If weight cannot be exactly
computed, they prefer to overpay and have the balance to their
credit.

Useful information to carry is weights of the goods; inland
freights, if any, so you can compute cost of laying down at sea-
board; bonding charges, if any; cartage charges and cost of
consul's certificate. All figure in the cost of laying down, and
while freights are not so important on the percentage basis
in the rubber business as in some other lines, the information
is useful. Remember that the percentage to lay down varies

materially with the value of the goods and the space they oc-
cupy. Cheap suction hose takes a greater percentage to lay down
than high-grade valve gum in 6 x 3 x i-inch slabs. Don't pre-
pare to quote a definite laying down percentage; this is bad
policy when you sell f. 0. b. your factory, but be posted on these
percentages so your customer can form his own laid down cost.

Say Brazil is your objective point. You have procured your
letter of credit and accompanying letter of indication and the
bank has told you how to keep and use them. You have say
i50 in gold on your person. The "sovereign," costing about 487
cents, will buy as much as the $5 gold piece costing 500 cents.
A passport may be useful. It is easily procured and does not take
up much room. Take invoices of your samples in triplicate, each
with the proper declaration of the country attached. See that
your life insurance policies have endorsed upon them permission
to travel to your destination and back. You may be asked to pay
a small extra premium. Additional accident insurance may be
advisable and you may insure your samples and effects. Have
duplicate sets of samples. Send one set ahead and take the
other with you. Take a cable code with you and advise the
office of it. Keep the office posted.

Of course you have seen to it that you have secured the best
accommodation on the steamer and that your stateroom is on the
side from which the prevailing wind comes. And here just one
word in your ear on the way to the Grand Hotel Something-Or-
Other. They are all "Grand" there. You may be sorry for them
all in the country you are visiting, but what's the use of rubbing it
in? Kicks against his poor old country w'ill hardly warm up a
prospective buyer. If these poor benighted individuals talk Por-
tugese or Spanish or whatever, give them credit for at least a
little business ability. You may be able to hit off a four hour
clip when you are at home, but the man in Rio, for instance, will
know how to regulate the pace and you will find his mile an hour
will give you more business there than the faster rate. Don't push
them too hard. Remember that you are not there to educate
them. Say the best you can of their country and deal with them
as equals. Let them take their own time. Study them and their
form of civilization and you will be traveling along the line of
least resistance. Be prepared to drink coffee at all hours in Rio
de Janeiro, as you would tea at 4 o'clock in a customer's office
in London. By the way, if you think of turning your caravan
towards that Mecca of the American manufacturer, dear quiet
slow old London, cultivate patience and be prepared to give this
most conservative market in the world a try out of at least
three years before expecting profitable results, but we are in
Brazil, not England. Adaptability is the text of the foregoing
sermon.

Now serious work begins. Certain large exporters have their
selling policies defined and will not depart from a set method of
distribution. It is well to study local conditions. Frame thor-
oughly a policy which in your opinion is best suited to the field.
Here is where judgment and decision come in, — with no intimate
or business associate to talk it over with, perhaps unfamiliarity
with the language. I have made calls of investigation upon
merchants, interviewed agents, been followed by agents and im-
portuned to leave my goods in the hands of one house for dis-
tribution. I have sat around Sydney or Melbourne, a week at
a stretch, forming my policy and looking for the best men to
carry it out — all the time itching to get down to selling but not
offering one dollar's worth of goods, and if that is not hard work
I do not know what is. To get the balls rolling is comparatively
easy, but to decide where to roll them and who shall keep them
rolling when you are back home is another matter. You are
spending time and money, lots of both. The responsibility is
yours. On you the glory showers or the blame falls a year
hence. A wrong move, and you might better have spent the time
on the farm and the money on the heathen.

Just a few words on an agency agreement. You must make
the remuneration sufficiently attractive or your agent will devote

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

21

his energies to more profitable lines. He wants a fair return, and
the really big agent will be best satisfied with the connnission
that will not hamper the free distribution by increasing the sale
price. He wants a commission on all that comes into his terri-
tory, and rightly so, but make him agree to earn it all. Make
him turn in traveler's reports with shipping marks, and make
him agree to cover the ground at least a certain number of
times a year, and check him up as well as you can. Goods en-
tering the country after being sold into another country should
not be claimed upon, but if a New York buying house orders
goods to be shipped to a certain country, the shipping mark
being one reported by your agent, then he, is entitled to his com-
mission. Insist upon shipping marks being given by the buying
house, and thus know if your man has earned his percentage.

Having sized up your situation and having had your final
draft of agreement signed by the party of the second part you
are so far on your way, but do not post home then. You will
notice I state "signed by the party of the second part." The
agreement is bona fide on the part of both, and you intend to
carry it out, but it is advisable to have it clearly understood when
the agreement is being discussed and drafted that final execution
rests with some one at home and that the instrument is to be
dated at your headquarters. A "power of attorney" to sign for
your company could easily have been obtained, but you are just
as well off without it. No business man is going to incur the
expense of your long business trip, size up the situation, and then
draw up an agreement that he or his confreres will throw out on
his home arrival, but two heads are generally better than one
and you may find out that you have neglected to cover some
point and this may be covered by correspondence at the time
of final signature. The place of final execution is important.
There are such things as disagreements and lawsuits. Have an
eye on the possibilities and place yourself as advantageously as
possible in case of misunderstandings. If you date your agree-
ment Tokio it may be liable to interpretation in a Japanese court
of law and you may be forced to attend in Japan at considerable
loss and inconvenience to yourself, if you wish to have at least
a look in. An agreement dated at your own town may shut ofif
what might otherwise be an unjust lawsuit. Likely your agent
is more keen to tie up with you than you may appear to be
with him. He may overlook what may appear to be minor
details, but because he is sloppy in his business methods is no
reason why you should be.

Then to the pleasant occupation of filling tlie long felt want for
your goods. Even if it is a straight selling proposition to one
house do not sail away home with your substantial opening order.
Visit the more important business centers with your agents.
Open up, get him to make the entrees and then with him by your
side sell the goods. He gets the commission but he also drinks
in the rich vintage which has been ripened by you through the
years ; his thirst for knowledge is satisfied and he is stimulated
to follow in your wise footsteps. By the time half of your pro-
spective customers have kept their appointments and the other
half kept you cursing over their lack of appreciation of your
valuable time by forgetting to turn up, your agent will have all
your arguments noted, stored up and ready to be improved upon
when you have left. One of the heartbreaks for the man who
likes to send the orders in is to find that many of the largest
houses send all their orders through their London or New York
buying houses. Some houses even object to selling the goods, de-
pending on their buyers in the large manufacturing centers to
purchase to the best advantage in fulfillment of requisitions from
the local house.

Judgment will tell you how long to spend on the territory.
Your agent, be he on commission or buying outright, will be
glad to have you spend a year with him, but by the time you have
visited the principal centers he and his individual travelers on the
different grounds will be posted on the merits of your lines and
have your arguments by heart, together with some new and

perhaps better ones of their own, and then is the time to pack
up for home.

You have accomplished your mission in the new field. Procure
a copy of the custom tariff and regulations, and then back to
where the staff are ready to tell you all about the good time you
have been having while they have been slaving away at the same
old grind. If you are at all receptive, the trip has tauglit you
more about your own line than you ever knew before. You have
learned a lot about other lines made elsewhere, and best of all
you have broadened out and learned new business methods which
may be put into practice with advantage. Then follow your
men up, give them a good long letter by each mail, take your
articles up by letter one at a time and keep your men refreshed
and enthusiastic. If you have several agents one form of letter
may do for them all, but keep after them. Write individuals
short personal letters. Let them feel there is a personality
thinking of them where the goods are made. Keep them fresh,
or much of your foreign effort will have been of no avail. Let
them know that you are following the sales closely. Your
traveling men like a pat on the back when they have "pulled off"
a good thing; so does the man on the other side of the world,
be he principal or employe. Send the buyers a Christmas card
in your own name. Above all, fill your orders promptly ; nd
carefully — answer correspondence by return of mail — and get the
sight drafts out with the documents.

GUAYULE AREA OF MEXICO.

nPHE problem of how long the natural supplies of guayule in
■*• Mexico will last depends, for one thing, on how much
guayule land there is. Naturally. And who knows? The cen-
suses of most things in Mexico are not yet complete, as is indi-
cated by the fact that a geographical commission appointed to
map the towns of that republic reported recently the discovery
of 7,679 towns which were not officially known to exist. How,
then, should any one be expected to know how many square
miles are covered with the guayule shrub? Of course, all these
towns newly discovered by the government Of Diaz are not of
the importance of Oaxaca or Guanajuato, but all the same their
populations will not longer escape paying taxes. Speaking of
towns recalls the fact that when The India Rubber World
inquired, in regard to a certain guayule property, "What town
it was near?" the answer was: "That is hard to say; there are
a good many towns on the hacienda." One can see how easy it
would be for the haciendado, in fitting out his periodical tax
list, to forget to include all the towns on his property. The fact
is vthat there are yet many vast landed estates in Mexico, the
resources of which are revealed only when Americans or other
outsiders take an interest in their development, and not the
least of these are in the states located within the guayule zone.
The sole question, however, is not how much guayule country is
there to be worked, but how much of the unused shrub is yet
commercially convenient to the centers of the guayule rubber
industrv.

INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE.

EXPORTS FROM THE tXlTITED STATES.

/^FFICIAL statement of values of exports of manufactures of
^-^ india-rubber and gutta-percha from the United States for
the month of July, 1908, and for the first seven months of three
years :

Belting, Boots • .Ml
Packing, and other

Months. and Hose. Shoes. Rubber. Total.

July, 1908 $105,444 $208,319 $.106,099 $619,862

January to June 608,681 448,014 1,814,046 2,870,741

Total $714,125 $656,333 $2,r20,i45 $3,490,603

Total, 1907 795.f)65 694,075 2,352,870 3,842,910

Total, 1906 663,5,^6 615,154 1,803.572 3,082,202

22

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

Mechanical Goods Industry.

THE importance of the mechanical goods industry as
affording a demand for india-rubber is perhaps more
evident in the United States than elsewhere, on account
of the existence of so many important works devoted to
the production of this class of goods alone. That such spe-
cialization should exist in America, instead of each important
factory producing a variety of goods is due to reasons which
date from the discovery of vulcanization.

Charles Goodyear, the rubber pioneer, never became a manu-
■ facturer on his own account to a large extent, but such re-
wards as came to him for his invention of vulcanization were in
the shape of royalties from manufacturers licensed to work un-
der his patent. Up to 1844 the principal attempts at making
rubber goods in America had been in the development of over-
shoes, but no success had been attained even in regard to these
until Goodyear's discovery was made known. Naturally, the
first licenses under the vulcanization patent were for its use
in the footwear industry.

Subsequently other licenses were issued for the employment
of vulcanization in the making of machinery belts, stationers' elas-
tic bands, india-rubber gloves, waterproof clothing, and so on.
In each case the manufacturer was permitted to utilize the new
invention in only one line of goods. One license was for the
manufacture of doorsprings alone, but an important business
was built upon this seemingly slight foundation.

The Goodyear patent had the benefit of a special extension,
making its total life 21 years, during which time the licensed
footwear manufacturers were not allowed to make any other
class of goods, and so with each of the other manufacturers.
During those years, therefore, were developed, in different towns,
groups of specialized rubber workers, which condition was con-
tinued long after the expiration of the historic patent. When-
ever a new factory was established it was likely to be confined
solely to that type of goods with which its promoter was most
familiar. There is in the country to-day a factory in operation
for more than a half century, and employing at times 4,000
workers, that has never produced a single article in rubber other
than boots and shoes. Probably few of the employes there could
turn out anything else in rubber. Similarly, with only two or
three exceptions, none of the concerns now producing mechanical
rubber goods has ever made any shoes.

Whether or not the policy of specialization is economically
better or worse than that pursued in European rubber works, in
several of which practically "everything in rubber" is made,
might afford the basis for an interesting discussion. There
would appear to be good reason, where it is possible, to keep
a force of workers constantly employed on a given line of
goods, thus rendering them always familiar with the details of
production and always in a high state of efficiency, and there is
some advantage in having the machinery of the plant always in
operation. It is the fact of such specialization that such large
outputs of a given line — airbrake hose, for example, or belting,
or packing — are seen in the case of a single factory. No doubt
in many cases economical production has been a result.

What have been termed "mechanical goods" have become so
varied, however, that the factory attempting a full line can
hardly be regarded as specializing very much. Hence, still carry-
ing out the American idea, one will concentrate largely upon belt-
ing, another on tires, others on hose, while still others, leaving the
heavier goods alone, will devote their attention to some specialty,
say in mold work. But there are one or two factories in Amer-
ica that doubtless produce a greater variety of rubber goods
than is to be seen in any single factory abroad.
It is practically impossible to estimate intelligently the volume

of mechanical goods production. But it may be mentioned that
the last United States census, in reporting operations for the
year 1904, gave the following figures for the rubber industry other
than rubber boots and shoes, and it may further be mentioned that
insulated wire is not included. The druggists' sundries trade
is embraced, however, and hard rubber :

Number of factories 313

Capital $59,537,810

Salaries paid $3,664,645

Average number wage earners $24,882

Total wages paid $11,217,270

Miscellaneous expenses $8,087,962

Cost of materials $48,002,012

Value of products $77,950,095

It is probable that, in point of volume, the largest item of me-
chanical rubber goods is that embracing the many forms of pack-
ings, for steam and hydraulic use. When it is considered that
every steam engine in the world, and practically every pump, re-
quires to be "packed," and rubber enters into such a large pro-
portion of all the packings made, it will be seen how important
is this branch of the rubber manufacture. American packings
have been introduced successfully into most foreign markets
where a demand for any sort of packings exists, while, on the
other hand, there is practically none imported.

Rubber belting for machinery has been produced in the United
States in great variety, in immense quantities, and in sizes larger,
perhaps, than have been constructed elsewhere. An important
development in this branch has been in the making of conveyor
belts, for use in grain elevators, in mines, and in factories of many
kinds, for the economical movement of commodities. This general
system, first devised in America, has become widely introduced,
and while all the belting used for conveyor purposes is not manu-
factured in the United States, an important quantity for this pur-
pose is exported.

The output of rubber hose, for various purposes, has become
enormous. The large number of cities and towns having paid fire
departments, with rubber or rubber lined hose embraced in their
equipment, alone calls for the entire product of some good-sized
factories, while such hose is also supplied by a dozen other con-
cerns. The mandatory use on every railway train of air brakes
and other safety devices calling for the use of hose, has created a
demand for rubber which figures largely in the total output of
mechanical goods. There must be taken into account also the
widespread sale of common garden hose — something which is
called for in practically every home in all towns having modern
waterworks systems.

The exports of American-made packings, belting and hose, for
several years past, have been stated officially to be of the values
here given [for fiscal years ending June 30] :

1900-01 $565,726 1904-05 $994,100

1901-02 634,146 1905-06 1,221,159

1902-03 819,985 1906-07 1,253.369

1903-04 879,476 1907-08 1,347,775

During the last fiscal year there were shipped also to Alaska,
Hawaii, Porto Rico and the Philippines similar goods to the value
of $162,602.

Note must be taken, under this heading, of tires, which would
seem to come properly under the head of mechanical rubber
goods. While, as already stated, packings probably bulk larger
in volume, tires lead among mechanical goods products in respect
to value. While some motor car tires continue to be imported —
probably by the owners of imported cars — most of the vast num-
ber of tires used in j^merica are of home manufacture. It is
probable, indeed, that half the rubber tires used in the world are
made in this country.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

23

The Rubber Planting World.

EASTERN PLANTING ON A SOUND BASIS.

AS a result of a recent visit to the Far East by Mr. Herbert
Wright, who has become the editor of The India Rub-
ber Journal after several years' residence in Ceylon in
an official capacity which brought him into intimate relations
with the beginnings of rubber culture there, he expresses satis-
faction with the progress which has been made up to date and
the fullest confidence in the future of the planting interest.
After a minute examination of the business he concludes that
rubber cultivation is on a perfectly sound basis, and any who
may have any misgivings he advises to make a visit to the East,
where the plantations of Hevea aggregate some 350,000 acres
[=^545 square miles]. He concludes a recent article by saying:
"At the present time the Eastern acreage in bearing is small,
and less than 2,000 tons of rubber will probably be exported
during 1909; ultimately the trees already planted should yield
a crop equal to that annually exported from Brazil."

WAHNnJG AGAINST TOO MITCH PLANTING.

The Ceylon Observer in an editorial on the rate of increase
in the production of plantation rubber in Ceylon and the Fed-

Llring "Castilloa" Rubber at La Zacualpa.

[Plantation in the state of Chiapas. Mexico. 1

erated Malay States, in the course of which estimates are made
of the ^)ossible product of the more recent plantings, based
upon the actual results from earlier plantings, and taking
into account what is being done in India, this suggestion is made :
"If again, five years later, southern Asia is expected to be pro-
ducing (or capable of producing) 'plantation rubber' equal in
quantity in one year to the present consumption of the world,
it is surely time now to stop planting any more rubber, until
it is seen what effect on prices largely increasing exports from
the East from 1911 onwards may produce."

rubber INTEnPLANTING.

The first planting of rubber on an extensive scale in Ceylon
was in connection with cacao, though afterward much rubber
was interplanted with tea. Latterly rubber has been planted on
a large scale without connection with any other crop. The
Ceylon Observer finds, however, that the planting of rubber to-
gether with tea or cacao is still continued. The idea has pre-
vailed at times that the tea might eventually be given up when
interplanted with rubber, on account of the greater possible
profits from the latter, but recently the tea situation has im-

proved, whereas the possibility of a permanent decline in rubber
prices on account of increased production has come to be recog-
nized. Discussing the whole question the Observer says : "Of
course, a great deal depends on the price of rubber keeping up.
Should the price, eight years hence or so, fall by any chance to
a level leaving little or no profit, we might expect every endeavor
to be made to keep on the tea, even to the sacrifice of the rub-
ber. But if, as is expected, the latter continues to be the more
profitable of the two, as the trees come to be tapped and attain
maturity, the tea is bound to gradually disappear." In this con-
nection may be quoted from the Tropical Agriculturist : "Cacao
is proving to be perhaps the best crop to grow with rubber in
Ceylon. The best average growth we have yet measured is on.
an estate growing these two products." 1

PLANTING RESULTS IN MALAYA,

In an analysis of the rubber plantation product of Federated
Malay States for 1907 the Pinang Gazette shows that in ten dis-
tricts 12,978 acres produced 1,684,620 pounds of rubber, or an
average of 130 pounds per acre. The average per acre in the
various districts varied from 90 to 166 pounds. No account is
taken of the ages of the trees.

The Straits Settlements (Bertram) Rubber Co., Limited, re-
port for the business year 1907-08 a yield of just under 40,000
pounds of rubber from 27,257 trees, or about ij^ pounds per
tree. The number of trees tapped in 1906-07 was 27,257, and the
average yield nearly iJ4 pounds.

ANTWERP AS A RUBBER MARKET.

Plantation rubber from the Straits Settlements appears regu-
larly at the monthly sales at Antwerp, but this appears to be the
produce mainly of one or two plantations which are owned by
Belgian countries. The results obtained at Antwerp have been
most satisfactory, with regard both to the prices realized and
the low selling expenses as compared with London. An English
gentleman in Malaya interested in planting declares that he
would prefer Anwerp to London as a market for rubber. It
happens, however, that many of the Far Eastern companies are
under such relations to English financial houses as practically
to obligate the planters to ship their produce to London. Ulti-
mately, however, any such relations will have ceased to exist
when the producers of rubber will naturally seek to market which
aflfords the most favorable results. Of course, all the rubber
produced out there is not going to London to-day, shipments
being made direct to most of the rubber-consuming countries,
including the United States.

RUBBER ACREAGE IN THE DUTCH EAST INDIES.

The total acreage planted to rubber in Java is estimated by a
writer in the Ceylon Observer at 58,000, the acreage in Sumatra
at 25,000, and in Dutch Borneo at 7,000. Probably half the total
is planted to Ficus clastica, which was set out extensively before
the introduction of Hevea. An English authority estimates the
amount of British capital interested in rubber planting in the
Dutch Indies at about £1,750,000.

CONDITIONS IN HAWAII.

A REPORT from Hawaii intnli.ms that not less than $500,000
has been invested in rubber culture in that territory by five com-
panies and a number of individual planters. It is pointed out
that none of the companies are depending upon the sale of
shares, but that all of the stock is held by a comparatively few
persons and the capital paid in. Locally the progress made to
date is regarded most favorably, but with the exception of a
few trees here and there there is no rubber under cultivation
old enough to have become productive. A recent visitor to The
India Rubber World offices from Ceylon and Malaya, who
is largely interested in rubber planting, having occasion to go

24

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

to England, journeyed via Hawaii for the purpose of investigat-
ing the rubber situation there. In his opinion every condition
in Hawaii is favorable to rubber culture, with the single excep-
tion of the labor supply. He felt that so long as the present
difference exists between wages in Hawaii and Malaya, rubber
culture in the former territory will be at a disadvantage.

YAaUI INDIANS FOE GERMAN PLANTATIONS.

The Tabasco Land and Development Co. are referred to by
The Mexican Herald as having contracted with the government
of Mexico for the labor of 250 Yaqui Indians for service on their
estates in the State of Vera Cruz, including the "Oaxaquena"
rubber plantations. The government is reported to have con-
cluded arrangements lately with managers of several rubber and
other plantations for Yaqui laborers. The Yaqui (otherwise
Cahita) Indians are found in the southwestern coast of Sonora
and the northwestern coast of Sinaloa, in the valleys of the Yaqui
and neighboring rivers, and hitherto have given much trouble to
the government. If they have now been brought under such
control, so to render them capable of being employed on planta-
tions, a very considerable difficulty in respect of the labor supply
may have been disposed of.

MEXICAN PLANTATION COMPANIES.

San Antonio Plantation Co. was incorporated August 12,
1908, under the laws of California ; capital authorized, $ioo,coo.
The directors include F. L. Alexander, St. Helena ; J. B. Rich-
ardson, Oakland; and J. E. Settles, Berkeley, Cal. The company
advise The India Rubber World of the purchase of land in the
State of Vera Cruz, Mexico, in the river Tesechoacan, about
8 miles from Playa Vicente, on which they purpose planting
rubber. Roblito Rubber Plantation Co. [see The India Rubber
World, July i, 1908 — page 326] state that they expect to have
approximately 8,000 pounds of rubber to sell next January from
the planted and wild Castilloa trees on their estate in Chiapas,
Mexico.

RETIREMENT OE MR. HART.

Widespre.'KD regret will be felt at this announcement which ap-
pears in the July issue of the Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informa-
tion of the Trinidad botanical department : "Owing to the pros-
pective retirement of the editor of this Bulletin at an early date,
the present number is probably the last that will be issued under
his direction. It has been regularly issued from 1887 to 1908."
This note is signed by Mr. John Hinchley Hart, f. l. s., who
has edited the Bulletin from its inception. The articles in the
Bulletin have been numbered from the beginning, the last being
1908, and they have related to an exceptionally wide range of
topics, being mainly original articles by the editor. He has la-
bored in season and out of season for the development of agri-
culture in the West Indies, with a degree of success which must
be very gratifying to himself and to the people among whom he
lives. The last annual report of the Royal Botanic Gardens at
Trinidad is the twenty-first of the series, and these reports also
have been exclusively the work of Mr. Hart. Mr. Hart's con-
nection with the Trinidad botanical department really extended
over a period of 32 years and 4 months. He retires, under the
regulations of the service, with the maximum pension. It is
understood that he has purchased a house within sight of the
botanical gardens, and intends to open an office as an expert ad-
viser in tropical agriculture.

RUBBER INDUSTRY AT SINGAPORE.

The city of New York owns, for the use of the various munici-
pal departments, 100 automobiles, which are stated to have cost
$260,030. As these machines are in pretty constant use, a
current report has it that strict attention is not given to economy
in repair bills. The city is a pretty good customer for auto-
mobile tires, in addition to buying tires extensively for fire ap-
paratus and other purposes. Recently The India Rubber World
chronicled the purchase of 26.600 feet of solid rubber tire stock
for the fire department from a single factory.

I 'HE rubber goods factory at Singapore appears to be one
in more than name only. The Nederlandsche Guttapercha
Maatschappij (Netherlands Gutta-Percha Co.), formed originally
for extracting gutta-percha from leaves under the Ledeboer
process, has been mentioned already in these columns as having
installed plant for the rubber manufacture, and to make tires.
In the last India Rubber World mention was made of their
having secured rights from a firm at Akron, Ohio, for making an
American tire in the Far East. More recently the news has
come of the issue of a British patent to L. A. van Rijn, manager
of the Singapore company, for a rubber "tire" which in point
of novelty, at least, compares with anything else in recent patent
office gazettes.

In an extended article on the works referred to, the Straits
Times, of Singapore, says that the company have built up an
important business in making solid rubber tires for carriages,
motor cars, and jinrikishas. The last named vehicle is the type
most largely used in the region of which Singapore is the com-
mercial capital, and the Times mentions that tires for these
vehicles are now largely sought for. It is stated that shipments
are made to India, Siam and even the Philippine islands. The
Singapore company are referred to as supplying also various
kinds of rubber goods, for local railways and for other pur-
poses.

The plant of the Nederlandsche Guttapercha Maatschappij
was inaugurated October i, 1899, and at one time it did a con-
siderable business in the production of gutta-percha from leaves,
but for some time work in that field has been suspended. It was
reported, recently, however, that the production of gutta-percha
had been resumed, and that shipments for London were about
to 'begin. A short time ago subscription 'books were opened
at Amsterdam for the issue of 250,000 florins [^$100,500] ad-
ditional capital of the company, in 6 per cent, preferred shares,
which was reported at the time to have been taken promptly.

This Is More Than a Rubber Tire.

Referring to the van Rijn tire, or wheel, men-
tioned above, the British patent office issues the
following abridged specification, in connection
with the cut reproduced here : "Disk wheels
are made of rubber in one piece, or in several parts
vulcanized together, the wheel being thicker at the
center than at the periphery. The tread may have
nails vulcanized therein ; or a tire of leather, wood,
metal, and the like may be used; or the tread may be
arched inwards or outwards. The rubber disk is at-
tached to the hub 'by gripping between two flanges
being smoothed or roughened,"

The gutta-percha mining fuse used in the United States is
still made in Europe for the most part. The domestic manu-
facture of mining fuse — which, by the way, is on a consider-
able scale — is confined mainly to the cotton taped quality, the
fuse being wrapped spirally with one, two, or three layers of tape,
chemically treated for protection against moisture. A corre-
spondent of The India Rubber World, who refers to the fuse
trade in the United States as being in the hands of a "trust,"
says the cotton taped fuse nets the domestic manufacturers
about 100 per cent, profit.

A PARAGRAPH in the last India Rubber World mentioned
M. P. Fillingham, a consulting and contracting engineer of
New York, as having taken on "the manufacture of vulcanizing
machinery in general." Of course the "rubber machinery in
general" was intended. On another page of this issue occurs
an illustration of a new machine brought out by Mr. Fillingham.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

25

Recent Patents Relating to Rubber.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
ISSUED AUGUST 4. 1908.

NO. 894,880. Rod packinR. O. J. Garlock, Palmyra. N. V., assignor
to The Garlock Packing Co.
894,000. Coupling U>T hose and pipe. W. Pohhiian, Middle-
town, N. Y.

895,111. Vehicle wheel [with hub surrounded by an inflated tube, and
having a solid rubber tire]. N. Schcnk, St. Louis.

895,284. Boot or shoe [having a welt sole and an upper of canvas and
new rubber in one piece]. E. S. Monis and P. J. Mulconroy, as-
signors to Mulconroy Co., all of Philadelphia.

895,301. Tire. [Solid rubber, within detachable flange.] A. G. Ritchie,
San Jacinto, Cal.

Trade Mark.

34,352. Consolidated Packing and Supply Co., New York. The word

Consolidated, over the representation of a section of packing, all withm

a triangle. For piston packings, rubber hose, and belting.
ISSUED AUGUST 11, 1908.

895.437. Tire protector. L. Crise, assignor of one-half to C. F. Close,
both of Upper Sandusky, Ohio.

895.476. Golf ball. H. C. Lee, Ridgewood, N. J., assignor, by mesne
assignments, to The Kempshall Mfg. Co.

895,561. Vehicle wheel [with pneumatic tire]. J. B. Hembree, Pied-
mont, S. C.

895,560. Machine for removing the gutta-percha covers from rubber-cored
golf balls. E. G. Loomis, Norristown, Pa.

895,738. Sold insulating conipTund. f Comprises castor oil, gum Kauri,
and colophony.] J. W. Frank, assignor to Standard Varnish Works,
all of New York city.

895,762. Detachable rim for automobile tires. R. E. Jeffery, Piedmont,
Cal.

895,770. Washing apparatus for reclaimed rubber. W. A. Konemaii, Mil-
waukee, Wis.

895,821. Tire armor. G. Wilmot, Jr., Detroit, Mich.

895,838. Automatic pump for tires. J. C. Booth, Columbia, Ohio.

895,984. Pneumatic hub. J. Dunchan, Elizabrthport, N. J., and R. Dun-
chan and J. Dunchan, Vienna, Austria.

896,000. Rubber roU or ring. James Bennett Forsyth, Boston.
Trade Mark.

34,290. Pennsylvania Rubber Co., Jeanette, Pa. The word Grecnleaf.
For rubber hose.

ISSUED AUGUST 18, 1908.

896,075. Rubber-soled shoe. R. T. Badgley, New York city.

896.204. Gasket. J. H. Glauber, Cleveland, Ohio.

896.224. Apparatus for molding, vulcanizing, and finishing rubber boots
or shoes. J. W. V. Mason, Manchester, England.

896,362. Resilient wheel. S. S. Childs, Bernardsville, N. J.

896,629. Wheel for vehicles. J. De Vere, Blackburn, and J. Whitehead,
Clitheroe, England.

896.661. Tire. [Solid rubber, surrounding a tubular arrangement of
strips of metal.] W. Potter, Los Angeles, Cal.

896.662. Rubber dam holder and cutter. A. B. Prentis, Brandon, Greg.

Trade Mark.
34,281. The Johns-Pratt Co., Hartford, Conn. The Words /. P. Co. For

electrical insulation.

ISSUED AUGUST 25, 1908.
896,715. Forming of filaments out of viscose or similar viscous material.

C. A. Ernst, Landsdowtie, Pa., assignor to S. W. Pettit, Philadelphia.
896,728. Tread grip for vehicle tires. C. L. Hoff', York, Pa.
896,850. Puncture-closing device. S. Mundey, lLx>ndon, England.
896,894 Cushioned horseshoe. P. Clifford, assignor of one-half to D. J.

Coibett, both of Buffalo, N. Y.
896,897. Vehicle wheel. H. Cramer, San Francisco.
896,902. Tire pump. J. A. Dyblie, Jolict, III.
896,989, Vulcanizer. J. F. Hardy, assignor to Consolidated Dental Mfg.

Co., all of New York City.
897,107. Pneumatic tool. W. H. Keller, Philadelphia, assignor to Chi-
cago Pneumatic Tool Co.
897,151. Pneumatic lire. W, C. Rocheleau and I-. T. Rocheleau, Woon-

socket, R. I.
897,209. Automobile or vehicle tire. G. Knadler, Cleveland, Ohio.

Trade Mark.
31,502. Stephen Ballord Rubber Co.. New York city. Tlie word Atlas.

For rubber hose, belting, and packing.

[Note. — Printed copies of specifications of United States patents may be
obtained from The India Rubber World office at 10 cents each postpaid.]

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

PATENT SPECIFIC ATIONS PUULISHED.
The number given is that assigned to the Patent at the filing of the Ap-
plication, which in the case of those listed below was in 1907.
* Denotes Patent.i for .--Imerican Inventions.
[Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, .\ugust 6, 1908.]
8,651 (1907). Disc wheel for vehicles, made of rubber in one or more

pieces. L. A. van Rijn, Singapore.
8,718 (1907). Detachable flange for tire rims. H. Jones and W. E.

Evans, Morristown, South Africa.
8,801 (1907). Pneumatic tire. W. E. and J. B, Rowcliffe. Manchester.

•8,857 (1907). Protective extra cover of rubber for pneumatic tires. W.
T. borgan, Saginaw, Michigan.

8.869 (i9t'7)- Scam for waterproof garments. L. Frankenstein and S.
Wiener, Victoria Rubber \Vorks, Manchester.

8.870 (1907). Preparation for filling tire inner tubes. I. Frankenburg
& Sons, Ltd.. I. Frankenburg, and F. H. Betteridge, Greengate Rub-
ber Works. Salford.

8,911 (1907). Rim for pneumatic tires. R. A. C. Esnault-Pelterie, Bou-
logne-sur-Scine, France.

8,930 C1907). Tire of solid rubber, composed of blocks arranged in stag-
gered order on the wheel. H. Swales, London, and E. W. Sawyer,
Bromley.

8,976 (1907). Powdering waste-rubber. T. Gare, New Brighton, Cheshire.

9,094 (1907). India-rubber substitute. A, G. Inrig, Bexlcy, Kent.

9,129 (1 907) . Spring wheel with solid rubber tire. A. Kentrick, Tun-
bridge Wells, Kent.

9,141 (1907). Revolving heel protector. G. Horton, Liverpool.

9.' 50 (.1907). Protective non-skidding cover of metal pieces for tires.
S. Hall, London.

[Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, August 12, 1908.]

9,199 (1907). Toe box of rubber, for boots. J. H. Brown, Northampton.

9.215 (1907). Leather hands fur pneumatic tire treads, with clamps for
holding the same. W. Weidling, Magdebvirg, Germany.

9,230 (1907). Non-skidding metal plates for pneumatic tires. H. G.
Bayky, West Croydon.

9,253 (1907). Tire rim with detachable flanges. R. Bercsford, Newcastle-
under-Lyme.

9,282 (1907). Ties for securing non-skid studs to tire covers. A. H.
Alexander, London.

9.397 (1907). Insulating composition and substitue for hard rubber,
composed of asbestos, vegetable fiber, and bitumen and the like,
treated with carbon bisulphide and other materials. S. de Pont,
Levenshulme.

9.503 (1907). Rim for solid rubber tires. E. B. Killen, London.

9,561 (1907). Elastic tire L. Liais, Paris France.

9,577 U907). Sectional penumatic tire, mounted on corresponding rim
segments. J. U. Roots. London.

[Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, August 19, 1908.]

9,615 (1907). Armored leather tread band for pneumatic tires. H. Nie-
meyer, Essen a/Ruhr, Germany.

*9,634 (I907J- Valve fur pneumatic tires included wholly within the
tire, the opening to the valve being at the periphery of the tire.
J. S. Dunn and S. T. and L. C. Langdon, Vincennes, Indiana.

9,644 (1907). Tocl for applying tire covers to the rim. L. Fumi, Fer-
rara, Italy.

9.655 (1907). Elastic tire. J. Slee, Newton-le-Willows, Lanes.

9,658 (1907). Elastic tire. L. Liais, Paris, France.

•9,686 1 1907). Winding machine for winding wire on spools in con-
nection with insulating machine. British Thomson-Houston Co., Lon-
don. (General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.)

9,727 (1907). Puncture-sealing composition for tires. A. Scott. London.

9.839 (1907). Solid rubber tire. W. B. Hartridge, Seaford, Sussex.

9,908 (1907). Double rianged rim, convertable into a rim of the detach-
able fiange type. J. Hodgson, Carlisle.

9.959 (1907)- Side slip prevented by a leather cover provided with
oblique metal bands carrying studs. F. Pemberton, Derby.

9.676 (1907). Revolving heel pad. G. Bell, Winton, Lanes.

JO, 008 C1907). Rubber substitute. M. F. Lugo, administatrix of O. Lugo.
London.

10,017 (1907). Filling for elastic tires. A. and D. Fagioli, Southampton.

10,026 (1907). Pneumatic tire having air spaces supplemental to the
inner tube. ^ E. Jones, Llanelly, and another.

10,057 (1907). Pneumatic tire in sections, each fitted to a separate rim
section. R. V. Allen, B»^otle.

10,079 (1907). Tire inner tube in sections; the method of forming the
ends IS applicable to forming the air tubes in one length. C. G. A.
Simmonds, London.

10,000 (1907). Tread for tires composed of over-lapping spring plate.
J. Young, Glasgow.

10,130 (1907). Spring wheel with solid rubber tread. C. J. Bcugnot and
C. Humbert, Paris, France.

[Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, August 26, 1908.]

10,414 C1907). Rubber packing rim between the felloe and the detachable
rim flange of a vehicle rim. E. F. Goodyear, Wolverhamton.

* 10,421 (1907). Tire composed of alternate clastic and non-L-lastic sec-
tions, vulcanized within an elastic cover. Eleazer Kampshall, London.

•10,422 (1907). Pneumatic tire with metallic sections to prevent slip-
ping. Eleazer Kampshall, London.

10,424 (1907). Arrangement for carrying spare tires for motor cars on
lamp brackets in front. H. Fairbrother, London.

•10,502 (1907). Coupling for railway hose. E. Hannold, St. Louis,
Missouri.

10,519 (1907). Tire comprising outer and inner metal bands and inter-
mediate springs, with rubber tread for the whole. J. J. MuUcr,
London.

10,521 (1907). Detachable tire carrying rim. S. Masters, Johannesburg,
South Africa.

10,550 ( 1907). Arrangement of chains to prevent skidding of motor
cars. A. E. J. Smith, London.

10,56^ (1907). Parts for cow-milking machines, G. Dalen and H. von
Celsing, trading as Dalifn & Celsing, Stockholm, Sweden.

26

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

10,564 (1907). Detachable transversely divided tire-carrying rim. P. E.
Doolittle, Toronto, Canada.

10,587 (1907). Hose coupling. G. C. Preston, King's Health, Worcester-
shire.

10,605 (1907). Pneumatic cushion to be used between the bottom and
undercarriage of vehicles. J. Byrom, Liverpool.

10,646 (1907). Elastic tire. V. Crepet, La DemiLune (Rhone), France.

10,699 (1907). Insulating composition of petroleum pitch and kaolin or
like clay. T. Marriott, Kingstonon-Thames.

THE FRENCH REPUBLIC.

Patents issued {with dates of application).

387,491 (Feb. 12, 1908). V. Drollon. Interchangeable treads for tires.

387,556 (Feb. 25). A. Muzick. Asbestos-lined tire cover.

387,572 (Feb. 26). B. C. Swinehart, Rim for elastic tire.

387.598 (Feb. 26). B. C. Swinehart. Elastic tire.

387.599 (Feb. 26). B. C. Swinehart. Rim for elastic tire.
387.712 (March 2). F. Hall. Removable tire rim.

387,510 (Feb. 28). Fabrique Baloise de Chimiques Products. Process for

'manufacture of a new synthetic rubber.
387,652 (Feb. 28). Fabrique Baloise de Products Chimiques. Process for

reclaiming rubber.
387,514 (Feb. 24). Gi Engelhardt. Boot heel.
387.538 (May 8, 1907). G. E. Bellais. Eraser.
387,870 (March 6). L. Francois, A. Grellon et Cie. Elastic tire.
387,875 (March 6). J. A. Harrison and G. Hookam. Protective tire
tread.

387.912 (March 7), Patay et Cie. Artificial caoutchouc.

387.913 (March 7). E. C. Bergmiller. Protective tire tread.
388.123 (March 12). Houdaille and Trion. Elastic tire.
388,131 (March 12). J. Party. Boot heel.

388,265 (March 17). L. Babert. Pneumatic tire of leather.

388,248 (March 17). G. Austerweill. Regeneration and devulcanizing of

rubber.
388,302 (March 19). L. Perard. Boot heel.
388,387 (March 2). A. C. Mauselon. Pneumatic tire tread.
388,394 (March 9). G. E. Dret. Rim for pneumatic tire.
388,428 (March 21). Michelin et Cie. Rim for pneumatic tire.
388,492 (March 24). F. G. Wiechmann. Treatment of casein to form

a rubber substitute.
388,662 (March 28, 1908). J. Recs, Tire inner tube.
388,687 (March 30). J. Hoelt. Pneumatic tire without inner tube.
388,706 (March 30). L. M. Thomas. Leather armored pneumatic tire.

[Note. — Printed copies of specifications of French patents may be ob-
tained from R. Robert, Ingenieur-Conseil, 16 avenue de Villiers, Paris, at
50 cents each, postpaid.]

INDIA-RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE.

RUSSIA.

The General Electric Co., of Russia, realized during the last
business year a net profit of 511,470 rubles [=$263,407], as
against 439,050 rubles for the previous year. Dividend, 4 per
cent., against 3 per cent, last year.

GERMANY.

A NEW company has been registered at- Berlin, under the style
of Prowodnik Motor Pneumatic Gesellschaft m. b. H., for the
sale of the tires made by the "Prowodnik" company at Riga,
Russia. The capital is 20,000 marks [^=$4,764.20] and Georg
Philipp, of Gross Lichterfelde, is manager.

The Continental Caoutchouc-und Guttapercha Co. (Hanover)
are reported as subscribers to the extent of 15,000 marks to the
fund for the benefit of Count Zeppelin, whose airship met a dis-
astrous end recently.

GREAT BRITAIN.

AT the last annual meeting of the Leyland and Birmingham
Rubber Co., Limited (Leyland, August 15), Mr. James E.
Baxter, the chairman, informed the shareholders that the year's
trading had been the best in the history of the company. He
reviewed the history of rubber prices as affecting the manu-
facture of rubber goods, but personally he did not anticipate a
repetition of the extreme fluctuation in the prices of crude rub-
ber such as they had experienced during the past few years, par-
ticularly when they considered the rapid strides which had been
made in the planting of cultivated rubber. The price would nec-
essarily settle itself down to a regular one, which would hand-
somely pay the planter, and which, at the same time, would
enable the manufacturer to produce at a fair profit, and also
to largely extend his business.

At the last annual meeting of Dermatine Co., Limited (London,
August 25), the report to shareholders stated that the business
of the company continued to make favorable progress. It was
resolved to declare a dividend of 5 per cent, on the ordinary
shares, payable on September 14; the preference dividend of 5
per cent, was paid July 4, the total amounting to ^1085 &s. 6d.
[=$6,985.49].

The death is reported in London of Mr. Max Hecht, who
for a number of years was a partner in Hecht, Levis & Kahn,
from which firm he retired ten years ago, after having been an
important factor in the trade. He was in his sixty-fourth year.

Equatorial Rubber and Mahogany Concessions, Limited, regis-
tered in London April 29, 1968, with £100,000 [=$486,650] capital,
to deal with rubber, gold, and timber in British West Africa.
Offices: 31 Lombard street, E. C, London.

NON-DECOMPOSABLE CRUDE RUBBER.

nPHE researches into the properties of crude rubber made dur-
■'■ ing some years past by Mr. George E. Heyl-Dia have
yielded some results of much interest from a scientific standpoint
and of practical advantage to the industry. Recently, and after
a trip to rubber regions in South America, he has announced
the successful outcome of a new series of experiments, based
upon his observation of the treatment in the forest of Hevea
rubber. Mr. Heyl-Dia calls attention to the fact that the rubber
known commercially as "Cameta" is the product of precisely the
same quality of latex as "fine Para," though these rubbers are
quite unlike for factory purposes. The difference, he asserts, is
due wholly to the varying treatment received by the latex.
Based upon this principle Mr. Heyl-Dia's work has carried him
to a point where he contends that, by a certain treatment, any
rubbers may be improved, and that Africans and even guayule
may be made practically as good as Paras.

Some time before Mr. Heyl-Dia had succeeded in developing,
as he asserted, the rubber molecule from balata and turpentine,
and later he introduced to the trade a specially treated guayule
rubber, of which a considerable amount has 'been sold. Now,
as a further step, he has brought out what he terms "non-decom-
posable" rubber, the result of treating ordinary crude rubbers.
The rubber so treated, as we understand it, is not mixed with
other gums or chemicals, except that the preserving process
prodttces at the same time greater strength. The destruction
of albuminous matter and proteins removes the cause of deteri-
oration in all rubber goods made from other crude rubbers than
fine Para.

Fruit oi- "Palo Amarillo."

[A rubber producing tree in Mexico, illustrated and described in The
India Rubber World. February i, i Q06 (page 148) and October i, 1907
(page 9). The tree botanically is designated Euphorbia fulva.]

The directors of the Canadian General Electric Co., Limited,
declared the regular dividend of i34 per cent, on the common
shares, and the regular semi-annual dividend of 3}^ per cent.,
both payable on October i.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

27

New Rubber Factory Appliances.

APPARATUS FOB REFINING RUBBER.

A RECENT patent relates to an improvement in mechanism
for cleaning and refining vulcanized scrap rubber, such
as footwear and tires, which have been ground up pre-
paratory to devulcanizing.

The machine — of which a sectional side elevation is shown in
a drawing on this page — consists of a long, narrow trough, having
at regular intervals gates or dams. The trough is set at a slight
angle and is supplied with water which, together with the ground
up stock to be refined, is fed into its upper end, from where 't
passes through the several compartments and over the succc:-
sive gates to the lower end of trough, where the stock is de-
livered over a 'screen to a devulcanizer car, while the water
passes through a screen to the sewer or tank as desired.

While the material is passing over the gates and to the screen
the refuse, such as sand, gravel, or particles of metal substances.
will settle by gravity into the bottom of the compartment formed
by the gates. These gates can be adjusted separately to any
angle desired, or can be adjusted all together by means of a
hand-wheel on a rod connected to all the gates.

When a batch of stock has been run through the machine aiin
it is desired to remove the refuse material which has settle !
by specific gravity to the bottom of compartments, the gates can
all be raised at once by means of a lever, which, by pressin,'
down, raises all the gates simultaneously up from the bottom of
machine ; the conveyor and screen are raised up at the discharge

EDRED W. CLARK'S STRAINER FIXTURE.

Three cuts on this page relate to a new strainer fixture for
sieving "shoddy" or reclaimed rubber. This fixture is threaded to
screw into the end of the machine same as the head, and by
unscrewing the four tail nuts the gate can be opened to change
or clean the plate. The plates are steel, J/^-inch thick, and 3/16-
inch holes drilled in a 7-inch circle. In front of this plate is a
wire screen &'/> inches square, of any size mesh desired, and as
fast as it fills it can be cleaned or replaced. [Edred W. Clark,
Hartford, Connecticut.]

.V New Rubber Spre.ading Machine,

■^////////M.

Section.^l View of Maurice C. Clark's App.-^ratus for Refining
Vulcanized Scrap Rubber.

end of machine, and by turning the water on the waste material
in bottom of the machine is carried by flow of water and discharge
through the pipe in the bottom of the discharge end of machine.
The inventor of this apparatus is Mr. Maurice C. Clark, of
Providence, Rhode Island, to whom the rubber industry is in-
debted already for so many new factory appliances. It is pro-
tected by United States patent No. 890,497.

Patent No. 890,498, also issued to Mr. Clark, relates to an
apparatus for automatically handling and conveying rubber stock
to be reclaimed through the successive operations from cracking
up to the devulcanizing car.

RUBBER SPREADING MACHINE.

The new spreading machine shown here is designed for
spreading a thin coating of rubber on cloth. The cloth to be
coated is wound up on a wooden roll, placed in bearings on the
front of the machine, and passed over an accurately ground rubber
roll against which the spreading is done.

The spreading knife is mounted in housings at its ends, and is
raised or lowered to al'ow for different thicknesses. Adjustable

[Gate open with plate in.]

[Gate open with plate nut.|

Clark's Strainer Fixture for Sieving Shoddy.

[Gate closed with plate in. J

28

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

end plates are provided to accommodate various widths of cloth
An arrangement is made for spraying the cloth with a number
of small jets of steam just back of the spreading knife to pre-
vent the frictional electricity from igniting the naphtha solvent.

After being coated, the cloth passes over a large surface of
steam coils and around a drum at the extreme end of the ma-
chine, and is wound up on a roll placed underneath. The
machine is of sufficient length to allow the cloth ample time to
dry in passing over the steam coils.

A countershaft is furnished having 8"x6" T. & L. pulleys
arranged for straight and crossed belts in such a way that the
machine may be reversed for running the cloth back.

The T. & L. pulleys should run 175 revolutions per minute.
This gives a speed of 20 feet per minute to the cloth. The width
of the machine, between housings, is 62 inches. The floor space
is 6x17 feet. Net weight, 3,000 pounds. [New England Butt Co.,
Providence, Rhode Island.]

A NEW HtTBBER MIXER.

The rubber grinder and mixer illustrated herewith is built in
sizes from 10 inches to 20 inches, diameter of rolls, and of any
length desired. It is made with cap on end of frame, as shown

Standard Rueder Grinder and Mixer.

TMade for M. P. Fillingliam by the Taylor Engineering Co.. Allentown,
Pennsylvania. ]

in the cut, held together with through bolts, or is made with cap
on top. The frames and caps are of cast iron of ample strength
and weight, the journal boxes are brass lined and fitted with oil
pipes, the brass liners reach around under the necks of rolls, so
that when the mill is running idle the weight of the rolls are on the
liners, making the journal boxes less liable to heat up. The adjust-
ing screws are of steel working in bronze nuts. Each machine is
furnished complete as shown on cut, including foundation bolts
and plates. If desired these machines can be fitted with safety de-
vice. These mills are designed by M. P. Fillingham and built by
the Taylor Engineering Co. (Allentown, Pennsylvania).

RUBBER HEELS BAD FOR THIEVES.

A FTKR the robbery of a railway station near Toronto the
^*- detection of the thief, says the Toronto Globe, resulted
from comparing the imprints of rubber heels outside the
window of the station with those worn by a young man found
in the vicinity. Hitherto the wearing of rubber soles and heels
has been considered as facilitating the operations of gentlemen
of thieving propensities, but if the detectives are going to study
trade marks on such goods it may be better for the burglars to

depend on their leather shoes, which make a less definite im-
press on the soil.

The home of Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens), the author,
in Fairfield county, Connecticut, was entered one night recently
by burglars, whose arrest resulted, as the newspaper reports
agree, through their being traced by the imprints in a dusty
road of the rubber heels worn by one of them. The local police
went over the road and found the prints of a large foot and a
smaller one. The big man wore rubber heels "with six little
cleat marks." The steps led to a railway station, and the police
boarded the same train with two men, an examination of whose
shoes led to their arrest for the burglary of Twain's home.

EXHIBITION OF FIRE APPARATUS.

"T^ HE rubber trade was well represented at the exhibition of
■^ fire apparatus and accessories held in connection with the
thitty-sixth annual convention of the International Association
of Fire Engineers, at Columbus, Ohio, commencing on August
25 — too late for a report in the succeeding issue of this journal.
This association is beginning to be more widely recognized, not
only as of a most helpful character to the fire department offi-
cials in the various cities in aflfording an opportunity for an
interchange of views and experiences, hut also for the study of
new and improved equipment. The recognition of this latter
feature is shown by the fact that during one day of each yearly
convention no formal sessions are held, the delegates devoting
their time to a series of tests of the apparatus on exhibition.
The leading manufacturers of fire hose were fully represented
during the week, and also the makers of hose couplings and the
like, hose washers, and waterproof clothing. A new feature
which has developed at these exhibitions in late years is that of
rubber tires for fire apparatus, and several of the rubber com-
panies made displays in this line.

On the opening day of the convention the public presentation
of a diamond studded badge of the association was made in
behalf of the fire chiefs present to Mr. Isaac B. Markey, of the
Eureka Fire Hose Manufacturing Co. (New York), who by
his constant attendance upon the meetings of the association
from the beginning had become widely known to the members,
and a prominent figure at the conventions. Mr. Markey has
failed to be present only at one meeting — in 1904 — and that was
on account of illness.

JAPAN AND THE RUBBER INDUSTRY.

■"PHE Canadian department of trade and commerce publishes
■^ a report by the Canadian trade commissioner of Yokohama
the effect that a representative of a French syndicate is negotiat-
ing to bring the rubber factories in Japan into co-operation with
certain large manufacturing concerns iti Great Britain and France.
The intention is to supply the local markets, and eventually
secure the export business to Corea, China, India, Siam, and the
Straits Settlements. At present, the commissioner states, there
are six companies engaged in the rubber industry in Japan. So
far, the quality of rubber goods manufactured by these factories
has not been first-class ; but, nevertheless, the product is re-
placing the imported article. The local product has not alto-
gether met with the approval of the public, on account of its
weakness and inability to stand wear. One or two of the estab-
lishments, however, have made changes in the basis of the material
from which their goods are manufactured, charging a consider-
ably increased price, and have placed articles on the market
quite equal to the best of the kind that have been imported.
— The Financial News (London) .

The B. F. Goodrich Co. (Akron, Ohio) will exhibit their
tires at the eleventh annual Paris automobile exhibition, at
the Grand Palais, which opens in November.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

2y

THE RUBBER TRADE AT AKRON.

BY A RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT.

AGENER.'\L tendency is apparent among the rubber manu-
facturers in Akron to expand their producing facihties.
There is hardly a firm in this industry in the city that is not plan-
ning e.xtensive building operations. If the program mapped out
by each concern is carried to completion, the production of rub-
ber goods in Akron should be increased more than 25 per cent.,
by a conservative estimate. The sudden expansion is noted, es-
pecially among the companies making automobile tires, and it
is undoubtedly due to the increased 'demand for this motor
accessory that the building has been brought about.

* * *

The B. F. Goodrich Co., within the last month, have started
on the construction of a new factory building at the front of
their plant, which will be six stories high and will measure
102 X 95 feet. It will be used for the automobile tire manufacture
exclusively, and is to be completed by the middle of December.
Plans arc also being drawn for a still larger factor)' building, to
be constructed at the rear of the plant. It will be 220 x 60 feet
and six stories high. The rapid increase in the size of the
factory building adjoining their present plant on September
will be built to the power house, one 50 x 82 feet, and the other
40 x 65 feet. All of these structures are of reenforced concrete

and fireproof throughout.

* * *

The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co., by reason of a recent
decision of the stockholders to increase their manufacturing
facilities, have begun the construction of an addition to the
plant, 125 X 40 feet. The new building will be four stories
high and will be used for the manufacture of tires. About 100
more men will be employed. It will enable the company to
increase the output by 25 per cent. President H. S. Firestone
says it is expected to have the addition ready for occupancy in
60 days. The company are also building an addition to the
office, 20 X so feet.

* * *

The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. broke ground for a new
factory building adjoining their present plant on September
21. It will be five stories high, 80 x 300 feet. The addition
was made necessary by the increase of business. It will mean
the employment of 300 more men. It is expected to have the
building completed by January i.

* * *

A GENERAL decrease of consumers' prices for automobile tires
went into effect among the Akron manufacturers on September i.
This reduction varied from 15 to 25 per cent, among different
companies. The step was taken in a measure to overcome the
tendency among retail dealers to cut prices. .According to the
new scale the consumers' listed price is very much lower, while
the profit for the dealer is cut down. The manufacturers are
enabled to reduce prices for several reasons : First, because the
price of crude rubber is lower than formerly; second, because a
system of standardization of tires has become almost perfected.
A few years ago, the number of sizes a manufacturer had to be
ready to make was almost unlimited. Now standard sizes have
been adopted by automobile manufacturers, so that the total
number is reduced almost to 100. This greatly cheapens and
simplifies manufacture; third, facilities of manufacturing have
been greatly improved. Not only have new methods been dis-
covered and applied but the increased demand has Correspond-
ingly increased the output, reducing the cost of production per
piece.

Rubber companies in Akron report unexpectedly large sales in
the better grade of bicycle tires during the season just closing.
This fact is taken as an indication that the bicycle is regaining
a measure of its former popularity. In this connection, it is a

piece of news that the bureau of publicity for the sport of bicy-
cling, established in Toledo by the Cycle Parts and Accessories
Association, was discontinued on September i. The reason was
the fact that the bicycle manufacturers withdrew their share
of the support of the bureau.

* * ♦

After a year's experimenting with a new type of solid tire with
a hard rubber base, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. are pre-
paring to put this product on the market. The Goodyear com-
pany claim to be the first rubber company in America to suc-
ceed in vulcanizing soft and hard rubber together for this pur-
pose. The new tire is for motor trucks and is designed after
a tire in use in Europe for some time. The manufacturers'
principal claim for superiority of the new tire is that the hard
rubber base will last longer than the ordinary fastening and will
enable the user to wear his tire completely out. Mr. P. W. Litch-
field, superintendent of the Goodyear factory, is credited with

the invention.

* * *

Officials of the Goodrich and Diamond Rubber companies
united in entertaining the delegates of the Society of American
Automobile Engineers, who visited the plants of those companies
on Saturday, September 19. They spent the morning going
through the factories and took lunch at the Portage Country
Club. The visit was made at the close of the quarterly meeting
hold in Cleveland.

* * *

Mr. J. A. SwiNEHART, of the Swinehart Clincher, Tire & Rub-
ber Co., reports a large business for his company. A night force
has been put on at the factory to increase the output. Several
pieces of new machinery have also been installed. The New
York branch of the Swinehart company was moved recently to
No. 875 Seventh avenue, where a building has been leased for
ten years.

* * *

The local manufacturers are preparing to be extensively rep-
resented at the annual carriage shows, to be held in New York
(October 5-12), and in Chicago (October 12-19). They will
take an especial interest in these shows this year on account of
the fact that an automobile department will be introduced for
the first time. The Diamond Rubber Co. will show tires for
high wheeled automobiles, which are growing in popularity, es-
pecially in rural communities.

Mr. E. P. Weber, has been transferred from the position of
salesman in the Philadelphia branch of the Diamond Rubber
Co. to the management of the Boston branch to succeed W. P.
Cronin, who becomes special salesman of the company, travel-
ing out of the home oflice.

The annual conference of branch managers of the Diamond
Rubber Co. was held in Akron, on September 14-17. Among
those present was C. E. Matthewson, manager of the Pacific
coast branch, San Francisco. There were altogether 15 men
in the conference. All reported an improvement in business
conditions, and trade is active in tires and regular lines.

The B. F. Goodrich Co. opened a new branch in Kansas City
during the latter part of September, at No. 1728 Grand avenue.

The Diamond Rubber company has coined a new phrase to
describe one of their treads — "the well-balanced tire." As de-
scribed by the company, it is a tire in which the wear is so dis-
tributed that the mileage possibilities of the principal parts ap-
proach the point where they balance each other. The argument
is that the ideal tire should wear so long that before retreading
should become necessary, the tie would be past further service
through old age alone.

In the automobile endurance contest held out of Toledo early
in September, the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. furnished gratis
to the contestants the Goodyear air bottles. The drivers at the
end of the tour joined in extending a vote of thanks to the com-
pany.

30

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

THE RUBBER TRADE AT SAN FRANCISCO.

BY A RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT.

RESULTS that are being obtained by the rubber goods
dealers in San Francisco indicate that active times are
approaching, if indeed they are not now at hand. The
change has been coming on so gradually that it is difficult to
say ju?t when the dull times began to wear away, and the more
active times are of such recent date that dealers still hesitate
somewhat before they will commit themselves to the statement
that they are now doing a good business. And yet from nearly
all of the local houses comes the report that sales are forth-
coming to a degree that is highly encouraging. Almost anyone
will say that things are in better shape than they were in July.
It had been thought by some that the feeling of quiet times,
when it spread to the interior of the State, would have a lasting
effect on the country districts, but it seems otherwise. There
was but a very short period during which the country merchants
perceptibly curtailed their active orders, and at this time there
is a greater feeling of prosperity throughout the country dis-
tricts than locally in San Francisco.

Mr. Crandley, of the Plant Rubber and Supply Co., states that
business keeps up to a very fair standard, with a slight tendency
to improvement, although he does not look for a greatly im-
proved business until spring.

Mr. W. D. Jennings, representing the H. B. Sherman Manu-
facturing Co. (Battle Creek, Michigan), was in San Francisco
during the latter part of September.

The Bowers Rubber Works, reports the manager, Mr. Chase,
are getting ready for next season's business. The factory is run-
ning full, all of the travelers are out, and orders are coming in
satisfactorily.

Mr. Charles Taber, manager of the new fire apparatus and
supply department of the Gorham Rubber Co., states that his
department is coming rapidly to the front, doing practically
second to the largest business in these lines in this city. There
has been a great deal of hose sold here recently, and Mr. Taber
is working into this business. Their special hose brands, made
for them by the Goodrich people, are coming to the front with
the aid of the new department.

Mr. Kirkpatrick, the B. F. Goodrich Co.'s Pacific coast repre-
sentative, has returned from the convention of tire dealers in the
East, and is now at his offices at No. 52 Fremont street.

Mr. Robert Thomson, who was manager for The Fisk Rubber
Co. at No. 1036 Golden Gate avenue, is now with the Michel
Tire Co. The present manager in San Francisco of the Fisk
company is Mr. Maurice Gibson, who was formerly with the
Sterling Rubber Co. of this city.

Mr. W. J. Gorham, of the Gorham Rubber Co., returned from
his Eastern trip, went up immediately to the firm's Seattle
branch, and after a short stay there to see that everything was
in good order, returned to San Francisco. Mr. Heckman, the
sales-manager of the firm, is still in the East. Mr. Parish,
now in Japan, sends the report that business there is very quiet.
Mr. Sargeant, manager in San Francisco, states that business
has within the last thirty days taken a favorable turn on this
coast, and is looking considerably better. The employes of
the firm are taking an active interest in athletics, and have a
baseball team which is ready to compete with teams formed by
any other company.

Following the acquisition by Dodge Brothers, proprietors of
the Western Belting and Hose Co., of the "Manhattan" lines
formerly controlled by the Pacific Hardware and Steel Co., it
is now rumored that the big hardware concern known as Dun-
ham, Carrigan & Hayden are about to give up the ''Peerless"
lines, and that the Pacific Coast Rubber Co. will take the line.
It seems that the hardware houses are gradually losing their
rubber lines.
Mr. L. L. Torrey, manager of the Pennsylvania Rubber Co.'s

branch, says : "Business is good and collections are fairly good,
and improving. We are, in fact, very busy and expect to be
more so. These are facts, too, because conditions are very
greatly improved. We have no fault to find with anything in
the world."

The cut in the price of tires has caused considerable com-
ment, although on the whole the comment is probably favorable.
The cut has been felt by the dealers, but others prophesy that
tires will be purchased in sufficient quantities to make up what-
ever the dealers may lose by the cut in price.

Mr. Perkins, of the Sterling Rubber Co., notes great improve-
ment during the past month, especially in the sundries line. The
druggists are now beginning to purchase freely and conditions
in that department are near to normal. They are paying up
very much better, too, than they did for a while.

Messrs. Kanzee and Ralph, of the Phoenix Rubber Co., have
been somewhat slow about getting established in their new store
and factory, but they are having everything put into ship-shape
condition so that there will be no loose ends to pick up after they
have become settled.

Mr. Joseph Selby, representative of the Boston Woven Hose
and Rubber Co., now in the interior on one of his regular trips,
sends in reports which indicate that the country districts are
in almost normal condition again.

A WEED EATING TROPICAL CREEPER.

[from the WESTMINSTER GAZETTE, LONDON.]

T T appears that at last an antidote has been found to the noxious
weeds which are so frequently the death of certain forms
of plant and vegetable life in the East. Specimens of this won-
derful "find" have been forwarded to the authorities at Kew
Gardens. This plant is a blue flowering creeper botanically
known as the Commelina dudiAora linnea, but called "rumput
gremah" by the natives of Malayasia and "ge-war-en" by the
Javanese. Although the report made at Kew goes to show that
this creeper is common throughout the Middle East, it would seem
that the managers of estates and plantations have not known
of its peculiarly welcome properties until very recently and ac-
cidentally.

The prolific weed known as "lalang" is the great enemy to
rubber growth. It was the accident of observing that where
the blue flowered creeper came in contact with the lalang the
latter became much less injurious that induced a planter to send
specimens to Kew. It seems that at first one begins to notice
that the weeds are becoming less prolific where the creeper
is growing among them. This improvement steadily increases
as times goes on and it has been found that under the influence
of this antidote lalang which was formerly four or five feet
in height has been reduced to only one or two feet when it starts
to flower.

But the joyful discovery having been made that here was an
undoubted setback to the weedy growth that chokes young rubber
and is the bane of the planter's life, the question arose : Would
the antidote itself exercise a prejudicial efTect on the rubber?
Therefore the specimens were duly submitted to Kew, and, as
stated to our representative, the new creeper is "unlikely to have
any harmful effect on young rubber trees." Planters all over
the East may therefore take heart of grace and also take this
new "medicine."

In appearance the blue flowered Commelina nudiAora is rather
pretty, and like the weeds which it first checks and then kills
it grows with astonishing rapidity. The particular estate whose
manager made the discovery and acted upon it so promptly
and satisfactorily is the Langkon estate, in British North Bor-
neo. The amount of rubber produced annually in the Straits Set-
tlements is, of course, very large, and the results of the discovery
and its successful application in a practical way are likely to be
far reaching.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

31

THE PROPERTIES OF "VULCOLE."

A N article headed "Vulcole" in the last Inuia Rubber World
*^ related to a new assistant for rubber compounds that had
recently come upon the market. The company having its sale in
charge wrote under date of September 25:

"At this writing some 40 rubber manufacturers, and among
them the largest and most representative in the United States
and Canada, have ordered 'Vulcole,' and are now engaged in
experimenting with it. Besides those ordering we have had let-
ters from some 70 more asking for further information, and
believing that as many more as have written are interested, we
take the liberty of writing you covering all of the questions we
have received.

" 'Vulcole' is a paste about the consistency of ice-cream and in
the A and B grades a cream white in color, C grade being jet
black. A grade is made for all classes of rubber goods, black,
red, white or blue that the manufacturers want to bloom. B grade
will absolutely prevent blooming and is suitable for all com-
pounds and cures where non-blooming results are desired. C
grade is put up exclusively for rubber boot and shoe work. It
will not only absolutely prevent blooming in rubber boot-legs,
but is possible to obtain a rubber with a jet black, gim-nictal
finish, a finish we believe will be in great demand for rubbers
worn in large cities where the fashionable trade object to wear-
ing rubbers that look when new as if the wearer had just left
the varnish shop.

"In the majority of compounds from 3 to 5 per cent, of sul-
phur is at present used, but with 'Vulcole' it is possible to
increase this amount to 75 per cent, of the weight of the crude
rubber, which increases the sulphur percentage 1600 to 5000 times.
"The majority of letters ask what is the special advantage of
using sulphur as a compounding ingredient. In answer to this
we would say that in considering the value of a rubber compound
its price, together with quality and bulk, must be taken into
account. We have seen compounds costing 75 cents a pound
that are really cheaper than ones costing but 50 cents a pound,
for the reason that from a pound of the one costing 75 cents,
so many more articles of the same size could be made out of a
pound of stock that each article costs less than when made out
of the so cent compound.

"Sulphur is the lightest of the mineral pigments generally used
by a rubber manufacturer, its gravity being 2. It is also low in
price and does not affect the elasticity when mixed in a com-
pound together with 'Vulcole.' It does not affect the strength
as would a substitute, to say nothing of the great saving in the
cost in favor of the former. Samples which we have that were
made 7 months ago show no oxidation.

"Contrary to what might be expected from using so large a
percentage of sulphur, equaling 75 per cent, of the weight of the
crude rubber and but one ounce of 'Vulcole A' to a pound of
the former, it does not bloom excessively. 'Vulcole,' in enabling
so large a percentage of sulphur to be compounded into the
goods, greatly reduces the time necessary to vulcanize, increasing
two or threefold the output of a specific number of presses and
molds, to say nothing of the saving in cost of labor on the press.
We have cured without soap or soapstone the most delicate mold
work.

"We would impress the fact that by the aid of 'Vulcole' it is
possible to make up a compound containing a fair proportion
of crude rubber, adding all of the mineral pigments that are
usually used, besides from 25 to 75 per cent, of the weight of
the raw rubber in sulphur without affecting the quality of the
finished product, to say nothing that the sulphur will lighten
the gravity, and increase the bulk of the compound.

"While the initial cost of 'Vulcole' is approximately 7 cents
an ounce, the saving it effects will enable a manufacturer who
uses it to cheapen the cost of the compound without reducing

the quality. It actually effects a saving of from 15 to 331/3 per
cent., according to the percentage of sulphur used, to say nothing
of the fact that it absolutely prevents blooming, increases two
and threefold the output and saves altogether the time lost in
cleaning and scraping the molds between heats."

TESTING THE HEART WITH RUBBER.

I ' HE sphygmomanometer is a pulse pressure gauge, used by
physicians for measuring the pressure of blood in the
arteries, in the treatment of circulatory disturbances or heart dis-
ease. Writing on its use, in the New York American, Dr. Sam-
uel G. Tracy, of New York, says :

"An artery of the body can be compared with a flexible rubber
tube used for a drop light and filled with illuminating gas. If
the tube is slightly damaged or obstructed, an overpressure of
gas may produce a fissure in the inner wall of the tube, or the
tube may burst. However, if one moderates the gas pressure,
tlien the tube holds good. So in the human arteries there is
danger from excessive pressure.

"In testing the pulse at the wrist, experienced physicians be-
come familiar with the feeling of the quality of the artery, and

The Sphygmomanometer in Use.

[Measuring a patient's arterial tension.]

can often tell if this artery has become hardened and ils caliber
correspondingly smaller. To make sure, however, the sphyg-
momanometer makes the test certain.

"This instrument consists of a cut-glass bulb and upriglit tube
containing mercury. One side of the glass bulb is connected with
a rubber tube ending in a rubber hand bulb. The other side is
connected with an inflatable rubber band or tire, which, attached
to the arm over the radial artery, when the hand bulb is com-
pressed, drives the mercury up in the glass tube.

"If the column of mercury indicates 114 to 125 millimeters in
the female adult and 125 to 135 in the male adult, a normal blood
pressure obtains. If lower than this the vital energy must be
improved, which is quite easy to do. If, on the other hand, the
column of mercury indicates increased pressure, then artcrio
scierosis, with hardening of the arteries, is probably present, and
your condition demands the advice of a physician."

As will be seen from the illustration (which appears here
through the courtesy of the New York American), this important
device owes much to rubber, which forms such a considerable
part of it.

32

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

STATE OF THE TIRE TRADE.

THE new prices for automobile tires announced September I
show a material reduction in the cost to consumers. These
reductions range from 25 to 40 per cent., the large figure refer-
ring as a rule to the lighter tires, the smallest reductions being
on the middle weight tires — the kind used on the ordinary four
cylinder touring cars and runabouts. There being no trade com-
bination among the tire makers there are, of course, offered in
the various catalogues varieties in price and in reductions. Some
have cut a trifle more on one line than upon others, but the
general ratio is substantially fixed. It will average 33 per cent.,
considering all makers and all sizes. The same is true with
regard to casings and inner tubes. The reductions on each are
about the same ratio.

The primary reason for this marked change in the cost of
tires, according to manufacturers, is the lower price of rubber.
The reduction in the cost of tires has not more than kept pace
with the reduction in rubber. There are other reasons, however,
which contribute to the lowering of the price scale. The manu-
facture of automobile tires is not so old, but that constant im-
provements are being made in machinery and in factory methods.
Every year adds something in the way of machinery that cheap-
ens and improves the product, and every year's experience adds
to the store of knowledge and to the proficiency of the operatives.
Then again, the growth of the industry, the new manufacturers
in the field and the sharpness of competition are all tending to
narrow the margin between the factory and the consumer. The
demand is now so steady and so strong that it costs less to sell
a tire than ever before; just as it costs less to make a tire than
ever before. The consumer is sharing these benefits with the
maker.

The constant improvement in the quality of the .\merican tire
has brought its reward in the increased confidence of the auto-
mobile enthusiasts. Not so very long ago, many of those to
whom expense was no consideration, were persistent users of
foreign tires, because they believed them superior to anything
made in America. This sentiment is rapidly changing. The
American product is generally regarded as being as serviceable
in every respect as any tires made abroad. Many automobilists
prefer it. The growth of this sentiment has added to the busi-
ness and will add more every year. In almost every case the
user of foreign tires who is induced to try the home-made article
becomes a convert.

The volume of business, in terms of money, is increased by
the steady change that has come over the character of the
demand. The automobile business and tire business being prac-
tically in their infancy it has required a considerable amount of
experimenting and considerable elimination to bring them to
standard. Not so very long ago a count of the automobiles that
passed you in or near New York would have disclosed the fact
that fully so per cent, of them were machines weighing less than
1500 pounds. These as a rule used very light tires on 28 inch or
even smaller wheels. A similar observation today would not
show one car in ten as light as 1500 pounds, and more than
SO per cent, would range between 2200 and 3500 pounds. The
wheel diameters are from 32 inchces up and the tire diameters
from 4 to s!/^ inches. The difference in the amount of money
spent for tires is enormous. Furthermore, even on the same
weight cars there is a rapidly developing tendency to increase
the weight of the tire. Automobilists see more and more clearly
that there is no economy in cheap tires. Not only the pleasure
of the sport but the lives of those who ride make dependable
tires a necessity.

The tendency, therefore, for the coming season is to have a
car "over tired" rather than to run the risk of annoying break-
downs and dangerous accidents. Owners of cars of from 2200
to 3,000 pounds, who formerly thought 3',^ inch tires ample for

every requirement are now buying 4 and s inch diameters. The
buyer of a new car always insists on the heaviest possible tire ;
the sellers of cars have recognized this demand in offering their
wares and in preparing their catalogues. This increase in de-
mand for the 4 and 4^ inch tires is the chief reason why its
ratio of price reduction is less than on either smaller or larger
sizes. In these sizes the factories have their hands full supply-
ing the demand.

.•\11 of the makers now offer a variety of treads, and few
motorists use the tire of circular section, as formerly. This is
true with regard to the driving wheels especially. On these the
general usage is some variety of non-skid or non-slip tread that
adds thickness and weight to the tire and adds to its cost. All
varieties of these special treads are higher priced than the plain
tread, and their many varieties make good selling arguments.
In this line, however, there are few novelties offered for the
season. The forms that have been approved in the past have
practically become standard, and are turned out with slight
variations by all the factories. Their popularity grows as auto-
mobilists become more experienced and they undoubtedly add to
safety and to durability.

"ARTIFICIAL RUBBER."

[from the LONDON "mORNING LE.\DER," SEPTEMBER II.]

■ I 'HERE is no panic in the india-rubber trade on account of
*■ the alleged synthetical manufacture of rubber at Burton-
on-Trent [mentioned on page 16 of this issue] — there have been
too many of such reports before. Mr. Henry C. Pearson, editor
of The Indi.\ Rubber World, New York, told a representative
that he had known twenty or thirty such inventions during the
past few years, and still the trade was unaffected.

Mr. Pearson was at Olympia surveying the preparations for
the forthcoming International Rubber and Allied Trades Ex-
hibition, for which he has especially crossed the water, and at
which he will give a series of lectures, including one on synthetic
rubbers.

The inventor, said Mr. Pearson, has to compete with nature—
which is supplying rubber about as economically as it can be
clone. In order to beat her he would have to have an extraor-
dinary cheap base — sawdust, say, or mud. But the demand
for rubber is so great that it will be sure to keep pace with
any supply.

Asked for an average cost price of rubber, he said it could be
produced at 14 cents a pound, and would be sold at a dollar. He
agreed that that showed a very handsome margin, but contended
that the planters in Ceylon and the Malay Peninsula deserved it
for their pluck.

NEW TRADE PUBLICATIONS.

TV/Il-'^T we have to deal with here may not be a trade publica-
'' tion, strictly speaking, but it serves none the less as a
trade catalogue. It is a sample book of Rubber Balloon Fabric,
sent out by the Continent.\l Caoutchouc und Gutt.\percha-
Comp.'^gnie (Hanover, Germany). Twenty-five samples are
shown, a fact which alone illustrates the importance which has
been attained already by the new aeronautical interest as a field
for the output of the rubber industry — a subject to which, by the
way, several pages are devoted in this issue of The India Rub-
ber World, [g'4" x sH"-]

Belden Manufacturing Co. (Chicago) issue their Catalogue
No. 4 of Electrical Wires, Cables and Cordage. They illus-
trate a very full line, including rubber insulated wires, and the
catalogue contains in addition not a little technical matter relating
to wire capacity and the like, arranged conveniently for refer-
ence. [4" X 814". 123 pages.] A discount list accompanies the
above.

October i, igo8.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

33

INTERNATIONAL RUBBER AND ALLIED
TRADES EXHIBITION.

fieri

and

the

The

the

THE first International Rublx^r and AlHed Trades'
Exhibition, 1908, held at Olynipia, London's
largest exhibition building, during the two
weeks closing Saturday, Scpteniljer 26, justi-
all the expectations entertained by its promoters
the representatives of the various branches of
rubber interest who contributed to its success,
attention which the London newspapers, and
British press generally, gave to the enterprise
testified to the widespread interest in rubber which exists
in the mind of the British public to-day. The Times
came out on the morning of the opening day with an
advance notice of the show, resulting from the "press
view" of the Saturday afternoon previous, filling space
equal to three or four columns of an American news-
paper, and in which not one important feature was over-
looked, and all treated in a style which would have done
justice to a technical writer on rubber. The other general
newspapers, in the metropolis and in the provinces, fol-
lowed suit ; the financial press gave special attention ;
and scarcely any other class of papers — scientific, sport-
ing, or what not — failed to mention the rubber show.

As has been indicated, not a few British investors have
been gaining large dividends from rubber shares, and
countless others are lioping to do as well when the
younger plantations have matured. But there were other
reasons for the success of the Rubber Exhibition — it
was interesting, to begin with : it was well conducted, and
it was brought to the notice of the public in an intelli-
gent manner. Never, perhaps, was an exposition so

thoroughly international in character, and on so large
a scale, organized with so little direct government aid
in any quarter. The whole work was done within a few
months, and some how the result worked out without
a deficit. It is understood that the total cost of the
Exhibition was covered long in advance by the sale of
space in Olynipia, without the guarantors being asked
for a penny. It was not a gate money exiiibition, but
largely an invitation one, with over 150,000 tickets is-
sued. Where gate money was offered, however, it was
not declined.

To get to Olympia, the great hall in which the In-
ternationa! Ruliber Exhibition was held, one must first
go to London, and after locating in some convenient
hotel, prol)ably in the "city," it is easy to reach the show
building by "tuppenny tube'' (the underground rail-
way), by horse or motor 'bus, hansom, or taxicab. The
latter is rather preferable, as the rates are exceeding low
and the speed correspondingly high. The interior of
the great Olympia building, gay with bunting and flags
of all nations, filled with tropical exhibits as well as
with the machinery necessary for the production of crude
rubber, was an aggregation worthy the interest of any
one whether in the trade or not. Perhaps no other in-
dustry in the world could have brought together men
from such diverse and distant parts of the earth. One
rubbed elbows with government officials from Europe,
.\sia, Africa and tlie Americas ; with planters from Cey-
lon, Federated Malay States, Java, Sumatra, Mexico,
Hawaii, and indeed from the whole planting world ;

Front View of the Building Where the London Rubber Exhibition Was Held.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

35

eminent botanists meet practical rubber manufacturers. Rubber
factory chemists chat with successful planters; rubber importers,
rubber machinery manufacturers, rubber chemical manufacturers,
and rubber editors shake hands and exchange views. Every now
and then in various parts of the great exhibition hall appeared
the genial, energetic, organizing manager, Mr. A. Staines Man-
ders, or the friendly, courtly Colonel Bosworth, active chairman
of all committees — introducing, suggesting, and smoothing away
ditficulties with a deftness almost magical. The manufacturing
and planting world, English and Continental, took the Exhibition
very seriously, and were deeply interested therein. In keeping
with this was the general tone of the Press, which devoted pages
to descriptions of exhibits and interviews with distinguished
visitors. In keeping also with this dignity were the engraved
cards of invitation, sent out by Sir Henry A. Blake, G. c. M. c,
president of the Exhibition, bidding those interested to the open-
ing ceremony on the afternoon of Monday, September 14.
Equally elegant were the cards sent by the same distinguished
gentleman to the great newspapers, whose representatives enjoyed
a private view of the exhibition on Saturday afternoon, the 12th,
followed by a press banquet in the evening.

Sir Henry Arthur Blake, c. c. m. g.

[President of the International Rubber Exhibition.]

The exhibits were for the most part on the one floor of the
main exhibition hall, so disposed that none could obstruct the
general view, though several extensive collective exhibits were
mounted in a most attractive manner — as those from Ceylon,
British Malaya, the Netherlands and Amazonas. Grouped about
the iTiain hall were large and small rooms, for the use of the
ofiiccrs and committees of the Rubber Exhibition, planters' and
other associations, commissions from various governments, and
for meetings and conferences in general. The Welcome Club,
for private season ticket holders, newspaper men and exhibitors
(principals only), tended to promote the social side of the Ex-
hibition, and there were, besides, dining, refreshment, and tea
rooms in the building.

The Dinner to the Press.

The dinner to the Press on Saturday evening preceding the
show, in Pillar "Hall, Olympia, under the presidency of Sir Henry
Arthur Blake, g.c.m.g., was attended by representatives of more
than 40 journals, besides distinguished visitors from abroad. The
guests of the evening had attended the Private View of the

A. Staines Manders.

[Organizing manager of the International Rubber and Allied Trades
Exhibition at Olympia.]

Exhibition during the afternoon. The Chairman (Sir Arthur
Blake) said:

"On behalf of the Committee I welcome here most heartily
the representatives of the European and American Press who
have done us the honor of attending the Exhibition.

"And now, gentlemen, may I say a few words about the Ex-
hibition, which you have been examining to-day, and of which
your judgment will fly to the uttermost parts of the earth?
You will have observed that this is not merely an Exhibition to
attract a gaping crowd, but is in fact a Congress of all who are
interested in the growing and manufacture of rubber, and as the
first International Rubber Exhibition held in Europe will mark
an era in the history of what will one day be among the greatest
commercial interests in the world.

"When I remind you that 30 countries have sent exhibits and
no less than 18 governments have sent representatives, you will

Colonel W. J. Bosworth.

[Chairman of the Executive Com'Tiitfe of the International Rubber Ex-
hibition.]

36

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

realize the importance attached to it. Here the investor, the
planter and the manufacturer meet face to face, and every process
of production and manufacture will be discussed at the meetings
to be held during the Exhibition. Germany has given us a
chemist wizard in Dr. Fritz Frank, who will give practical demon-
strations in his laboratory, whilst Mr. Pearson, of The India
Rubber World, will enable us to see the practical work on the
spot of the rubber section of the pioneers of commerce, whilst
the splendid exhibits of the Silvertown company, Messrs. Dunlop,
and others, will show what has been and is being accomplished.
It is a mere platitude to say that the utilization of rubber is only
in its infancy, and yet the first use of it on record goes back into
the dim mists of tradition. For in the Indian epic of Ramayana,
written more than 2000 years ago, Rama is mentioned as living
in the woods for fourteen years, during which time he used the
bark of a tree for clothing, whilst the hair wash that matted his
hair was the juice of the banzan, now known to rubber growers
as the Ficus elastica.

"I look forward to the time w-hen rubber will compete with the
quarry, and I have the authority of a well known manufacturer
for saying that at 2 shillings per pound rubber can be economically

H. Kerr Rutherford.

[Chairman of the Rubber Growers' Association (London), and of im-
portant rubber and tea planting companies; a vice-president of
the Rubber Exhibition.]

used for street pavements. I think that those interested in rubber
owe a debt of gratitude to Colonel Bosworth. the chairman, and
especially to the organizing secretary, Mr. Staines Manders, for
the untiring and capable energy that has brought the Exhibition
to so successful an issue.

"To the gentlemen who represent the Press to-night I again
offer a warm and hearty welcome and with an invitation to
Messrs. [the names of several speakers were given] to respond,
I ask all present to raise their glasses with me to the continuance
of all that is good in that great world power, the Press."

The health of Sir Henry A. Blake, g.c.m.g., president of the
Rubber Exhibition, was proposed by Colonel W. J. Bosworth,
chairman of the executive committee, in the following words :

"I have now the honor to propose a toast which I feel sure
you will receive with unbounded enthusiasm, and that is the
health of our President, Sir Henry Blake. It would have been
no slight advantage to this Exhibition if so conspicuous a states-
man and empire-maker had merely permitted us to use his name
as an indication of his approval of the enterprise, but you will,
I am sure, readily understand how greatly we are indebted to
him when I tell you that no detail has been too small for him to
examine and criticize, and that we have continually received let-

ters making such valuable and practical suggestions as would be
expected from a man of such ripe wisdom and judgment. I
know that our organizing manager, Mr. Stanes Manders, not-
withstanding his vast experience in organizations of this kind,
gladly and thankfully acknowledges the debt he owes to Sir
Henry's acumen. Our President has taken infinite pains to make
a success of this Exhibition because he is deeply interested in
the welfare of this great industry whose prosperity we are all
endeavoring to promote. I am sure that members of the com-
mittee, gentlemen who will take part in the conferences, rubber
growers and manufacturers — British and foreign, as well as ex-
hibitors generally — will find it an abiding source of gratification
to remember that they have served under a President revered
by countless people over whose destinies he has exercised control ;
loved by all w-ith whom he comes in contact, and respected
throughout the wide world.

"Gentlemen, I ask you to join me in pledging Sir Henry Blake.
Let us with all our hearts wish him happiness and prosperity,
with length of days so that he may, for very many years to come,
continue to benefit his country and his fellow creatures by pur-
suing the objects of his useful life."

Ernest E. Bucku;ton.

[Convener of the Rubber Manufacturers' Conference held in connection
with the Exhibition.]

The speakers were chosen by alphabetical arrangement of the
countries represented, America coming first and represented by
the Editor of The India Rubber World, who sat at the right of
the Chair. The other speakers were Monsieur E. Thiroux, of
La Caoutclwuc ct la Guttapercha; Herr K. W. Wolf-Czapek,
of Gummi-Zeitung; Dr. W. F. Schimmell, of Sourabaya Courant
(Java) ; Mr. G. C. Bellairs, of the London Times; Colonel W. J.
Bosworth and Mr. A. S. Manders.

Others peresent and not already named were Senhor N. H.
Witt, commissinoer from Manaos ; Senhor H. Vasconcellos, com-
missioner for Brazil ; Heer H. S. J. Maas, consul for the Nether-
lands; Mr. R. Derry, commissioner from Malaya; Dr. Rudolf
Ditmar, rubber-chemical school in Gratz, Austria ; Dr. Tromp
de Haas, director of the government gutta-percha estate in Java ;
Dr. A. G. N. Swart, president of the Netherlands committee;
Dr. D. Sandmaun, of the royal Prussian commercial court; Dr.
Theodore E. Smith, India Rubber Revieiu; Mr. M. Kelway Bam-
ber, representing the Ceylon government.

The Official Catalogue of the Exhibition was a most excellent
piece of work, embracing not only an informing description of a
vast number of exhibits, but admirable introductions and treaties,
and portraits of prominent persons.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

37

Opening of the Rubber Exhibition.

THE official opening of the Rubber Exhibition occurred
at 2:30 p. M. on September 14. At that hour Sir Henry
A. Blake, g.c.m.c, was received by the reception com-
mittee and proceeded to the dins. There he was invited by
the chairman of the committee to declare the Exhibition open
and to start the machinery. After the President, accompanied
by the reception committee, made a tour of the building and in-
spected the exhibits. While this continued the band played the
national anthems of the several countries taking part in the
Exhibition, concluding with the British.

In declaring the E.xhibition open the President said :

"COLOXEL BOSWORTH AND MEMBERS OF THE EXHIBITION COM-
MITTEE: I appreciate deeply the honor that you have done me by
inviting me as your President to open this unique and important
exhibition, illustrating as it does every phase of the great india-
rubber trade from the germination of the seed to the ultimate
uses in some of the thousands of channels through wliich manu-
factured india-rubber ministers to the w-ants of modern society.

"But first I must congratulate you, and especially your organ-
izing manager, Mr. Staines Mandcrs, upon the energy and ability
that have produced the satisfactory results that we see around us.

"When we remember that every portion of the tropical regions
in which the rubber producing plants grow, including Asia and
the great islands of the southern seas ; Africa, Central and South
America, and the West India islands has sent its contribution,
that 30 rubber growing countries are contributing, and that no
less than 18 governments have sent their representatives in
charge of their exhibits, you will realize how great is the im-

portance attached to this first International Rubber Exhibition
held in Europe; and on your behalf I welcome our foreign friends
who have joined us in this movement for mutual instruction and
advancement in the many problems connected with the produc-
tion of raw rubber that still remain unsolved, as also those who
have sent here their beautiful and delicate machines — that you
will presently see start into life, and the manufacturers who have
exhibited some splendid specimens of finished products.

"The Exhibition marks an era in the history of rubber — a
product that during the past half century has played a greater
part than any other substance in expediting human progress, for
without it no cables could have been laid between far distant
continents to give the means of that instantaneous communication
that make for peace and friendship and commerce.

"This is no mere exhibition in the ordinary sense; it is rather
a great International Congress of all classes who are interested
in what is now a rapidly expanding trade and what will one day
be among the largest fields for sound investment in the world.
But 30 years ago the rubber then used was produced almost ex-
clusively from the far interior of the forests of Brazil, and you
will see in the fine exhibit sent by the Brazilian government the
form in which the rubber was produced, and the reproduction of
the primitive but effective process of its preparation for the
market. To-day, thanks to the Royal Botanic Department at Kew
which distributed the seeds to Ceylon and India, the plantation
of rubber lias increased so rapidly, especially within the last
decade, that it is computed that between Ceylon, Malaya and
other Eastern countries there is now an area of over 500,000

I'lK.ST Session of the Intern.\tion.al Rubber Conference.

38

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

acres planted with rubber from which the bulk of the plantation
rubber exhibited here to-day has come, while the Netherlands
government sends balata from Dutch Guiana, and smaller but no
less interesting exhibits are sent from Jamaica, British Guiana,
Trinidad, Dominica and S. Lucia.

"Here it is proposed to hold meetings during the Exhibition
at which demonstrations will be given, papers will be read by
experts and discussions will take place upon them, and investor,
planter, chemist, mechanical engineer, broker and manufacturer
will have an opportunity of coming together and considering the
business in every aspect ; in fact, for the time Olympia will be a
technical college working at high pressure and equipped as no
technical college has ever been before.

"I desire to acknowledge the liberality with which Messrs. Gow,
Wilson & Stanton, Limited, of Rood lane, have offered a valuable

cup as a special award for most economical and complete process
for preparing Para rubber from the latex.

"It is almost to a day just two years ago when, on September
13, 1906, I opened the first Rubber Exhibition in Ceylon, in the
beautiful Botanic Gardens at Peradeniya, with a similar arrange-
ment for the reading of papers and discussions. It was then
suggested that it would be well if in two years another Exhibi-
tion should be held in the East and progress noted. I little
thought then that it would be my good fortune within that time
to open another Rubber Exhibition. You will therefore under-
stand with what pleasure I find myself connected as President
with one of far greater scope, in the very heart of the commer-
cial world, which, with every good wish for the success of its
mission, I now declare open."

The machinery in place was then set in motion.

What Was Seen at the Show.

CETLON.

THE Ceylon section was extensive and its displays bearing
upon rubber production interesting and informing. The
success of the Ceylon Rubber Exhibition of 1906 led visit-
ors to Olympia to expect something notable in this section, and in
this they were not disappointed. There were collective exhibits
from Ceylon districts, sometimes through the efforts of the local
planting associations, and there were exhibits by single estates or
individuals. A number of items were sent by the Royal Botanic
Gardens. The work of the joint committee of the Planters' Asso-
ciation of Ceylon and the Chamber of Commerce at Colombo
also contributed to the display, as did Mr. M. Kelway Bamber,
the government representative for Ceylon. Altogether the follow-
ing 39 rubber plantations are named in the official list as being
represented collectively or individually:

Aberdeen Duckwari Mahawala

Ambangonga Gikiyanakande Nakiadeniya
Arapolakande Grand Central Nikakotua

Ballacadua

Bandarapola

Culloden

Dangan

Deaella

Devitura

Dolahena

Halwatura

Hanwella

Hapugastenne

Katugastota

Kepitigalla

Kondesalle

Kumaradola

P. P. K.

Pallekelly

Pantiya

Perth

Plate & Co.

Polatagama

Putupaula

Suduganga

Syston

Udapolla

Vogan

Vogan Tea Co.

Waharaka

Walpola

WariapoUa

We Oya

The Ceylon exhibit covered every kind of rubber produced in
the colony— Para, Ceara, and so on— biscuits, crepe, worm, block,
sheets, lace, and so on through the list. There were specimens
of latex and rubber seed oil; rubber vacuum dried and otherwise;
rubber soil and fertilizers; specimens of plants grown for catch
crops; sections of rubber trees showing their appearance after
tapping by different methods; tapping tools in variety; young
rubber plants in Wardian cases; and, finally, many photographs
illustrative of rubber cultivation. The Planters' Association of
Ceylon sent an extensive series of panel views. The Botanic
Gardens sent two Hevea trees two years old and one of three
years growth.

Ceylon had also a considerable representation in the general
or commercial section, in which several estates not having ex-
hibits in the Ceylon section were represented.

The Rosehaugh Tea and Rubber Co., Limited (exhibit No. 3),
own estates aggregating 10,465 acres on which an important
amount of rubber is planted. This showed sections of trees,
marked to show methods of tapping ; tapping tools and collecting
cups ; specimens of rubber prepared by different methods ; rubber
oil seed and cake, and many photographs.

Rubber Plantations, Limited (exhibit No. 51).— Rubber bis-
cuits from Dangan estates.

J. P. William & Brothers (exhibit No. 25), tropical seed and
plant merchants at Heneratgoda, exhibited rubber biscuits and

seeds from Hevea, Ceara, and Castilloa, all from their Kola
estates.

Walker Sons & Co., Limited (exhibit No. 24), of London and
Ceylon, showed samples of rubber from the Klanang Produce
Co's estates, and many photograps of rubber plantation work in
Ceylon and elsewhere.

STRAITS SETTLEMENTS AND MALAYA.

A SPECIAL section was occupied by the exhibits representing
the Straits Settlements and the Federated Malay States. These
were contributed by the government, by a number of planting
estates, and by the botanic gardens at Singapore and Penang.
The planters' association in the Federated Malay States sent a
typical Malay house. There were many specimens of rubber, in
varied forms (mostly Hevea), with glass cases containing flowers
and fruits of rubber trees, Wardian cases with rubber plants,
specimens of catch crops, and so on. The absence of Mr. J. B.
Carruthers, the director of agriculture in the Federated States,
who had expected to attend, but was prevented at the last
moment from doing so, was much regretted. He sent an inter-
esting pamphlet on rubber planting results which was distributed
in the Malayan section.

BRITISH WEST DTDIES.

The exhibits in this section were arranged by The West Indian
Committee in London, after having been prepared by the per-
manent exhibition committees of the several colonies.

Dominica (exhibit No. 45) sent flowers, fruits, seeds, and latex
of Hevea Brasiliensis, Castilloa elastica, Ficus elasiica, Manihot

The Ceylon Pavilion.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

39

Ctaciovii, and Ficus Vogelii; also several specimens of rubber
prepared from the first three species.

Trinidad (exhibits Nos. 46 — 47) sent specimens of various
kinds of rubber produced under cultivation.

British Guiana (exhibit No. 48) was represented by 18 samples
of rubber and balata prepared by the colonial forestry officer, the
British Guiana Rubber Corporation, Limited ; Mr. David Young,
and five other individuals or private firms.

St. Lucia (exhibit No. 49) sent specimens of cultivated Hevea
Brasiliensis, Caslillda, etc.

AFBICA.

Exhibit No. 40 was devoted to British East Africa, one of
the principal products for export from which region is india-
rubber. The most important native creeper is the Landolphia
Kirkii, but the newly discovered Mascarcnhasia elastica is of in-
terest. The exhibit related also to recent experimental work in
introducing additional species.

The Companhia de Mozambique, operating in Portuguese East
Africa, have an exhibit of 15 items, including several lo-pound
samples of native rubbers in different forms, five samples of
cultivated Ceara rubber, and collections of plant specimens and
photographs of plants and methods of rubber cultivation.

THE DUTCH INDIES.

A NOTABLE feature of the exhibition was the department con-
tributed by the commission appointed by the Dutch government
to secure the adequate representation of Holland and her colonies.
It embraced not only specimens of rubber and gutta-percha
(wild and cultivated), but a profusion of maps and photographs,
utensils, and the like; also displays by the rubber factories of
Holland. The rubber displays are mentioned here; some of
the other displays will be referred to under other headings.

The government of the Netherlands East Indies made a com-
prehensive exhibit of Ficus elastica rubber, gutta-percha, gutta-
jelutong (Pontianak gum), palembang gum, fat from gutta-
percha seeds, etc., from Sumatra, Java and Borneo; also maps
and photographs.

Rubber Displays From Plantations.

Deli Maatschappij. — Samples of rubber in six forms from
Ficus elastica from their rubber and tobacco plantations at
Medan, cast coast of Sumatra. No acid is used except a small
quantity of liquid ammonia in the drip tins.

Rubber Cultuur Onderneming Tji-bening. — Sixty-five bales
of Ficus elastica rubber; plantation in Preanger regency, Java.

Cultuur Maatschappij Pangledjar. — Samples of Hevca rubber,
exposed for over two years to light and air, from cinchona, coffee
and rubber plantations in Preanger regency, Java.

Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van het land Tjimangies. — Rub-
ber from Ficus elastica, from Buitenzorg, Java.

Cultuur Maatschappij Kali Djerveh. — Ficus rubber and photo-

Special Section of British Malaya.

graphs of coffee and rubber plantations in Loemadjang division,
Java.

Particulier Land Tjikand Ilir. — Rubber from Ficus elastica;
40 kilos dried on tree; 15 kilos dried on leaves. From rice, rub-
ber and coffee plantations. Serang division, Java.

Maatschappij ter Exploitate der Pamanoekan en TjiassemLan-
den. — Rubber from Ficus and Castilloa; leaves and seeds of these
species and Hevea; tapping tools and other utensils; maps.
From Krawang division, Java.

Het Algcmeen Nederlandsche-Indisch Rubber Syndicaat te
Batavia. — Fifteen samples of commercial rubber from the firm
L. Platon & Co., Batavia, Java. They embrace Castilloa, Ficus
(wild and cultivated), and Landolphia, prepared by different
methods.

Landbouw Onderneming Dolok en Taleon Saragi. — Ficus rub-
ber from plantation of Birenstihl & Sulger, Batoe Bahra division^
Sumatra.

Weise & Co., Rotterdam merchants, made a display of crude
rubber (wild and cultivated), gutta-percha and balata, from the
Dutch colonies, Africa, and South America.

Other Plantation Displays.

Photographs of plantations, and in some cases maps, were ex-
hibited by Cultuur Onderneming Pasir Waringin (Java) ; De
Rubber Planters Vereeninging at Bandjar (Java) ; Plan-
tagen Gesellschaft Boenisan (Java) ; Anglo-Java Rubber
Co. (Java) ; Landbouw Onderneming Tjiseroe (Java) ;
Particulier Land Tjikandi Ilir (Java). Bantamsche Plantagen
Maatschappij (Java) showed many photographs of Hevea and
Ficus plantations, and Belgisch Nederlandsche Cultuur Maat-
schappij photographs of rubber trees 3 years old.

In addition to displays of rubber mentioned already, Het
Algemeen Nederlandsch-Indisch Rubber Syndikaat showed some
large photographic views of rubber in the Java botanical gar-
dens. Maatschappij tot Exploitatie der Pamanoekan en Tjiassem
Landen exhibited 21 photographs of interest of Hevea, Ficus and
Castilloa trees on three plantations in Java.

The Colonial Museum's Exhibit.

The Colonial Museum at Haarlem (foundation of the Society
for the Promotion of Industry), of which Dr. M. Greshoft is di-
rector and H. A. A. van der Lek conservator, made a display
embracing —

Caoutchouc from Sumatra, Java and Borneo — 12 samples.

Gutta-percha and allied gums, including gutta-percha from
leaves — 19 samples.

Balata, from Surinam, and articles made of balata — 12 samples.

Gum damor, gum copal, dragon's blood, benzoin, and other
products of the Dutch East Indies.

Models of native houses in Java, and articles illustrating the
life of the natives.

Publications of the Museum.

There may also be mentioned the miscellaneous exhibit of the
Netherlands colonial ministry, of telegraph cable models, maps,
and books.

Another Dutch East Indian Display.

Outside of the regular Dutch East Indian department
Th. L. A. Runge, of Deli-Mceda estate, Deli, Sumatra (exhibits
Nos. 121,122 in the commercial department), showed specimens
of Ficus rubber blocks of S kilos each, rendered extremely tough
and durable by means of smoke only, and also bundles of tobacco
leaves. Their exhibit embraced, in addition to photographs, a
collection of 128 Batak curiosities, illustrating the life and cus-
toms of the natives in that part of Sumatra, and 20 Sumatra birds.

BUHMA.

Lieutenant Colonel J. A. Wyllie (exhibit No. 42) sent from
Rangoon a Wardian case containing specimens of two native
rubber yielding creepers, and samples of plantation rubber from
Hevea, Ceara and Chavannesia {Urceola) esculenta, one of the
creepers referred to.

40

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

Exhibit of the State of Amazonas, Brazil.

[The specimens of rubber shown exceed lo tons.]

. •••,*

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' hf

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■ :^'-^m

Rubber Tappers' Hut, From the Purus, Upper Amazon.

BRAZIL.

The principal representation of Brazil was made by the Asso-
ciacao Commercial do Amazonas, of Manaos, with the support
of the Amazonas state government, in charge of Senhor Nicolaus
H. Witt, as special commissioner of the association, which had
erected a pavilion for the purposes of the display. There were
specimens of rubber from the rivers Acre, Jurua, Solimoes, Purus,
Madeira, Javary, and Negro, of the various grades — fine, entre-
fine, weak fine, sernamby (negroheads), and caucho (Peruvian)
ball and slab — 17 lots weighing altogether 10,046 kilograms
[^22,111 pounds]. The largest lot was one of 1,471 kilos of
fine rubber from the river Acre. There was included a complete
outfit used in tapping trees on the Amazon, collecting latex, and
smoking the rubber, the dcfumador shown being one which had
actually seen use. So full was this display that it included even
specimens of the apparel worn by the seringueiros while at work
in the rubber fields. There were maps of the state of Amazonas
marked to outline the rubber regions, and photographs of rubber
working scenes.

The exhibit from Para was less distinctive, but a representative
large and choice collection of rubbers from the lower Amazon
was sent by J. Simar da Costa. Auguste Ferreira Dias, of Para.
Sent a pair of native rubber boots made and worn by Indians on
the rio Yaco.

The federal government of Brazil exhibited in a pavilion a
variety of specimens of Brazilian rubber, arranged for by the
permanent exhibition committee of that republic in Europe.

Mello & Co., of Para and Manaos, exhibited through their
Liverpool agents a pelte of fine hard cured rubber weighing 262
kilograms, produced on one of their estates on the upper Jurua
river.

The Brazilian Rubber Trust, Limited, of London, owning and
working extensive rubber estates on the island of Marajo, in the
state of Para, had an exhibit (No. 67) in the commercial section,
of specimens of Para rubber from their properties, and of the
implements used in preparing rubber, together with excellent
photographs of rubber working in the forests.

GTTATULE RUBBEH,

Ed. Maurer (exhibit No. 82), New York, made an exhibit of
specimens of guayule from factories of the following companies
in Mexico :

Compania Explotadora Coahuilense, S. A., at Parras.

Salvador Madero & Co., S. e. C, at San Tiburcio.

Compania Ganadera de la Merced, at Torreon.

Fabrica de Hule Australia, at Cuatro Cienegas.

Fabrica de la Delicias, at San Pedro.

These factories are controlled by the important Madero estate,
and have a combined capacity of ir tons daily. The exhibit in-

cluded also finished goods made of guayule rubber, with or with-
out other rubbers; also deresined guayule and combinations with
other rubbers made both with deresined rubber and crude guayule;
also an exhibit of the guayule plant.

Elias Delafond (No. 44), of Mexico City, showed guayule with-
out resin obtained by a new process referred to as giving it a
quality similar to Para and causing it to retain its quality indefi-
nitely.

TKAVANCOEE (SOUTH INDIA).

The Periyar Rubber Co. exhibited a box of rubber. The
Shaliacarry Rubber Co. sent a sample of plantation rubber which
had taken the gold medal at the Ceylon rubber exhibition. It
was grown at an elevation of 3,500 feet. Several other firms
exhibited either tea samples or tea estate requisites.

MEXICO.

An important collection of samples of plantation rubber
iCasiiUoa) of which advices had been received had not arrived
in London when these notes were prepared. There was an ex-
hibit, however, representing the estate "La Esperanza," in Oaxaca
State, owned by The Mexican Rubber Co., Limited, of London.
Mexico was further represented in connection with the guayule
rubber industry.

COLOMBIA.

Nieto Rocha & CiA., of Bogota, made an exhibit of virgin
rubber (Sapium higlandulosum) from their plantation "El Do-
rado," at Tolinia.

THE KEW GARDENS EXHIBIT.

The director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, exhibited a
selection of herbarium and museum specimens and figures and
living plants illustrative of the principal genera yielding rubber of
commercial importance. The plants referred to are those named
below, and the display under each heading was very liberal, the
whole illustrating practically the whole world of commercial rub-
ber production to-day :

1. IViUuglibeia Hrma. Malay archipelago. "Getah Singgarip," or
"Getah gerip."

2. Clitandra Hcnriqucsiaua. South central tropical Africa. "Root
rubber."

3. Landolphia Thollonii. Sovithern Congo. "Root rubber."

4. Laudolf^hia Owariensis. West tropical Africa.

5. Landoltltio Kirkii. East tropical Africa.

6. Landolphia Biichananii. East tropical Africa.

7. Funtunmia clastica. Tropical Africa. *'Lagos" rubber.

8. Raphiouemc utilis. South Angola. "Ekanda." illustrated in The
India Rubber World, July i, 1907 (page 300) ; tuber rubber.

9. Urceola elastica. Malaya.

10. Urceola csculenta. Malaya.

11. Hymenoxys sp. Colorado, United States. "Colorado" rubber, or
"rabbit weed."

12. Farthenium argentotum. Mexico and southern United States.
"Guayule" rubber.

13. Hevea Bra.'ilensis. Brazil Amazon valley. "Para" rubber.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

41

• 4.
IS.
16.
■ 7.
18.
19.
20.

Manihot dicholoma. Southern Brazil. "Jequii" rubter.

Manihot Glazioi-ii, Southern Brazil. "Ceora" rubbt-r.

Safium Jenmani. British Guiana. "Touckpong" rubber.

Sapium verum. Colombia. "Virgin" rubber.

Sapium utile. Ecuador, Peru.

Ficus clastica. Indo-Malaja. "Rambong" rubber.

Castilloa elastica. Western tropical America. The standard native
rubber of Mexico and Central America.

In addition, the Kew authorities exhibited photographs of young
Castilloa and Hevea, and a group of young living plants of
He^'ca Brajiliensis.

The Kew exhibit formed part of the Loan Section, which in-
cluded several other items of interest, including young rubber
trees grown in London hot houses, photographs representing the
growth of rubber trees at various stages, and a series of pictures
lent by Francis J. Holloway, of Ceylon, showing different sys-
tems of tapping and factory (plantation) work in rubber.

RUBBER PLANTATION REQtnSITES.

Francis Shaw & Co., Bradford, Manchester (exhibit No. 16),
exhibited: (i) Washing and crepeing rnachines for preparing
rubber on plantations ; (2) Scott vacuum stove for drying rubber
on plantations; (3) hydraulic rubber blocking press and hand
pumps ; (4) hydraulic sheeting press.

David Bridge & Co., Castleton, Manchester (exhibit No. 18),
showed an electrically driven washing and sheeting machine work-
ing on raw rubber, the machine being connected with their im-
proved patent friction clutches. The next process involved their
improved vaccum dryer, also shown. Another machine was
Bridge's patent rubber hydraulic block press. The exhibit em-
braced also the Da Costa appliance for the coagulation of the
latex in bulk, by means of the infusion of steam and smoke.

Exhibit No. 22 was devoted to the Emil Passburg system of
vacuum dryers as applied to rubber plantations, and also rubber
goods factories, this being in charge of their London agency.

J. Robinson & Co., Salford, Manchester (exhibit No. 33).—
Belt-driven washing mills for plantation use, with roller for
macerating crepe and sheet rubber.

Alexander David Callander, Neboda, Ceylon (exhibit No. 52),
showed an instrument for grooving and tapping rubber trees,
the knife making the incision and carrying off the skin of the
tree at a single stroke.

Robert Warner & Co., Limited, London (exhibit No. 91),
manufacturers of rubber plantation machinery showed: (i)
Macerating or crepe machines; (2) sheeting machine, with patent
hot rollers; (3) horizontal direct acting steam pump; and (4)
the "Walton" patent seatless stop valve.

No. 96. G. van den Kerckhove, Brussels.— "V.D.K." rubber
tapping knife ; "Fumero V.D.K." apparatus for smoking latex by
the Para system, in two forms.

No. 32. Charles Clark & Co., agents, London. — Vermorcl's
Ruapsach sprayer.

No. 100. The Bowman-Nortlnvay patent knives for tapping
rubber were exhibited by Harold F. Blyth, of Stockton, the Eng-
lish agent.

No. 24. Walker, Sons & Co., Limited, London and Colombo. —
Rubber estate requisites and tea and coffee machinery; rubber
tapping knives with which practical demonstrations were given.

No. 56. "Venesta," Limited, London. — "Venesta" cases for pack-
ing rubber and rubber goods.

No. 138. Kalisyndicat G. m. b. H., London agency. — Crude
and manufactured potash salts, and a collection of tropical plants
and products, representative of growth by manuring with differ-
ent combinations of fertilizers.

"Purub" is a process protected by patents for effecting speedily
the perfect separation of caoutchouc from the latex without the
use of apparatus, fumigating, or boiling. This appeared in ex-
hibit No. 19.

No. 61 A. Tangyes, Limited, Birmingham. — Gas and oil en-
gines, pumps, and the like.

No. 61 B. Fleming, Birkby & Goodall, Limited, London. —
"Teon" vulcanized textile belting, treated with cement under a
secret process, waterproof and designed for hot climates.

No. 61 c. Bergtheil & Young, London. — "Bandy" electric
punkahs.

[lluttenbach Brothers & Co., Penang and Singapore, are agents
in the East for the three firms last named above.]

No. 23. The Pracd Patent Safety Gas Light Co., Limited, Lon-
don. — An economical, non-explosive, and non-poisonous gas —
from petrol, gas and air — for heating and lighting.

No. 27. Trewhella Brothers, Trentham, Victoria. — Log and
stump jacks.

SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS.

Louis ScHorPER, Leipzig, Germany (exhibit No. 29), showed
no fewer than 11 machines for testing the elasticity and other
qualities of rubber, for cutting and gaging the thickness of ma-
terials, for ascertaining the number of threads in woven ma-
terial, determining the earthy ingredients of rubber, and so on.

The collective exhibition of a laboratory for scientific and
technical india-rubber researches under the direction of co-
exhibitors (exhibit No. 36) was under the auspices of Dr. Eduard
Marckwald and Dr. Fritz Frank, of Berlin. The laboratory in-
stallations, instruments, and apparatus were supplied by Paul
Altmann, Berlin ; optic instruments, Ernest Leitz, Wetzlar ; elec-
trical measuring apparatus, Gans & Goldschmidt, Berlin ; india-
rubber roller, Joseph Robinson & Co., Manchester ; stoneware,
gas, and water fittings. The space was divided into special work-
ing rooms and provided with the most important implements
for technical and scientific work, the whole being comprised in
three compartments: (i) The physical laboratory; (2) manu-
factory space; and (3) chemical laboratory, the whole containing
nearly a hundred different items of apparatus.

The exhibit of the India-Rubber Journal (No. 90) contained a
collection of apparatus for testing rubber, lent by Mr. Wright,
the editor, and Dr. R. Schidrowitz, of Germany, this being
divided into (1) physical apparatus and (2) chemical apparatus

Exhibit of Guayui.e RubBER.

[Made by F.d. Maurer, of New Yiirk, reiiiesentative of important gii.'iyule
rubber producing companies in Mexico.]

42

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[OCTOBERR I, 1908

A Display of Rubber Machinery.

used in rubber work. This portion of the exhibit embraced 25
items, and was very comprehensive in character, as well as very
interesting.

A. D. Cillard fils, Paris (exhibit No. 105), showed the "P. &
B." Dynamometer, for testing india-rubber, gutta-percha, tissues,
threads, wires, and the like, and their new apparatus called the
Elasto-Durometer, for determining the elasticity of india-rub-
ber, gutta-pergha, and other materials.

RUBBEE GOODS FACTORIES.

The India-Rubber, Gutta-Percha and Telegraph Works Co.,
Limited, London (exhibits No. 4, 5 and 6). — "The history of cycle
tyres," illustrated with models from the earliest practice to the
present, in tires for bicycles, followed with similarly arranged
models of motor tires, including the company's latest products
"Persan" and Palmer Cord. Also historical display of rubber
matting and floor covering, dating back more than a half century;
also rubber stair treads and nosing; miscellaneous rubber goods;
gutta-percha raw and manufactured, including the latest Silver-
town golf balls; an excellent display of ebonite (hard rubber)
goods; surgical appliances, fountain pens, and so on. In addi-
tion, samples of rubber and gutta-percha insulated cables of
various kinds are shown.

Irwell and Eastern Rubber Manufacturing Co., Limited (ex-
hibit No. 74), Manchester.— Balata belting, balata conveyor belt,
and general mechanical rubber goods; cab tires, packing, valves,
etc. ; specimens of balata and of the cotton duck used.

The Northern Rubber Co., Retford, Notts (exhibit No. 35).—
General rubber goods for mechanical purposes; waterproof goods;
leatherite jointing (sole manufacturers).

The Liverpool Rubber Co., Limited, Liverpool (exhibit No.
88). — A circular rubber mat which has been in use for 35 years.

The India Rubber Manufacturing Co., Manchester and London
(exhibit No. 89 a). — Revolving rubber heels of four types,
other rubber heels, and heel tips.

Diespeker, Limited, London (exhibits Nos. 59-60), made a
display of the Dunlop Rubber Co.'s rubber tiling, for use in public
and private buildings, on steamships, yachts, railway carriages,
?nd the like.

Thomas Balshaw, manufacturers' agent, London (exhibit
No. no), representing the following German houses:

Otto Dillner, Leipzig — Seamless rubber goods, hard rubber
waterproofed specialties.

' Gummifabrik Westend, G. m. b. H., Berlin. — Ebonite for
the electrical and engineering trade.

' Neumann & Boetler, Hamburg — Asbestos and asbestos rub-
ber goods.

The Hanseatic Vulcanized Fibre Co., Limited, Hamburg —
Vulcanized fiber sheets, rods and tubes.

Exhibit No. 85.

Societe Industrielle des Telephones, Paris (exhibit No. 99),
Telephone apparatus, arc lamps, lighting installations ; industrial
rubber ; tire "L'Electric" ; rubber shoes ; electric wires, and
cables of high and low tension.

Nederlandsche Caoutchouc en Gutta Percha Fabriek "St. Joris,"
firm Bakker & Zoon, at Ridderkerk, Holland. — Mechanical rub-
bers, tires, gutta-percha and hard rubber goods, rubber-asbestos
products.

Gebroeders Merens Fabriek van Caoutchouc Arkikeln, Haarlem,
Holland. — Technical rubber goods ; hard rubber.

Amsterdamsche Caoutchouc Fabriek, voorheen Pompe & Co.,
Amsterdam, Holland. — Rubber flooring tiles showing the coats of
arms of Great Britain and of the Netherlands.

Nederlandsch Guttapercha Maatschappij (Netherlands Gutta-
percha Co., Limited), Singapore (exhibit No. 58), who have in
operation the only rubber goods factory in the Far East, exhibited
their products of solid rubber tires, hose, buffers, and other
rubber goods.

RUBBER WORKS MACHINERY.

The various engineering firms making exhibits displayed ma-
chinery for rubber works as well as for plantation purposes — as,
for instance, David Bridge & Co., who are referred to more
fully under another heading. The following, however, seem
to require special mention as suppliers of equipment for rubber
works :

Francis Shaw & Co., Bradford, Manchester (exhibit No. 16),
exhibited: (i) Hydraulic press for all descriptions of small
molded rubber goods and (2) a machine of exceptional strength
for grinding waste rubber.

Werner, Pfleiderer & Perkins, Limited, Peterborough, England
(exhibit No. 14). — Machinery for washing and masticating rub-
ber, gutta-percha, and balata ; also for making rubber solutions
and doughs and mi.xing and sifting compounding materials. Also
mixing and incorporating machines for all requirements.

RUBBER FACTORY SUPPLIES.

The British Recovered Rubber Co., Limited (exhibit No. 150),
Liverpool. — The "Amazon" standard grades of recovered rub-
bers.

The Northwestern Rubber Co., Limited (exhibit No. 84),
Litherland, Liverpool. — Reclaimed rubber manufactured under
the Marks alkali patents. Mr. Ernest E. Buckelton, general man-
ager, who controls the executive and selling departments, and
who is equally well known to American and European rubber
manufacturers, was active from the beginning in promoting the
objects of this exhibition.

Alfred Smith (exhibit No. 89), Clayton, Manchester. — Re-
claimed rubber, rubber substitutes, chemicals, and colors.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

43

Typke & King, Limited (exhibit No. 75), London. — Rubber

substitutes, chemicals, and colors; also specimens of rubber goods
in which these have been employed.

The British Murac Syndicate, Limited (exhibit No. 78), Lon-
don. — Pure Murac and products.

Forster & Gregory (exhibit No. 79), London. — Samples of
coloring materials and vulcanizing and preserving agents used in
the manufacture of rubber goods, and some of the results of their
application to these purposes.

The Lipsia Chemical Works, Limited (exhibit No. 20),
Mugeln near Leipzig, Germany. — Magnesia (carbonate and
oxidized) for the rubber manufacture.

Holt Town Rubber Co. — W. Openshaw, proprietor (exhibits
Nos. 93-94), Manchester. — Light and dark substitutes; recovered
rubbers; pigments for the rubber manufacture.

John Bright & Brother, Limited (exhibit No. 81) Rochdale,
England. — Cotton ducks for tires, rubber and balata belting,
packing, hose, mechanical goods, and canvas shoes.

The Crosskeys Manufacturing Co. (exhibit No. 86), London. —
"Glossine," a solution for protecting rubber from oxidation and
for waterproofing leather; "Endurite," a waterproof cement for
uniting rubber to rubber or leather; "Newit" waterproof invisible
boot soles and patches.

LITERARY EXHIBITS.

The Ceylon Observer, of Colombo, Ceylon, and the allied pub-
lications of A. M. & J. Ferguson, including many important books
relating to tropical agriculture, occupied exhibit No. i of the
commercial section.

The India-Rubber Journal, the representative British journal of
the rubber trade, edited by Herbert Wright, f.l.s., with a collec-
tion of technical works, occupied exhibit No. 90. Another feature
of the exhibit is mentioned under a different heading.

The "Tropical Life" stand (exhibit No. 103) was devoted to
planting and scientific journals, including Tropical Life, edited
by H. Hamel Smith, and general literature of interest to planters
and scientific men in the tropics.

A. D. Cillard fils, of Paris (exhibit No. 105), exhibited his
journal Lc Caoutchouc et la Cutta Pcrcha and other technical
publications, together with some apparatus mentioned in another
place.

Exhibit 106 was that of Dr. Rudolf Ditmar, of Graz, Austria,
who was represented by a number of technical publications of
which he is the author, relating to india-rubber.

The German rubber journal Gummi-Zciiung, of Berlin, occu-
pied exhibit No. 107. In addition to a complete file of that
journal were shown a number of volumes relating to rubber by
the same publishers. These include some of the most important
books on rubber in the German language.

Capper & Sons, publishers of the Times of Ceylon, of Colombo,
occupied exhibit No. 137, with files of their paper and of their
other publications, including an excellent "Tropical Investor's
Guide."

The American Register, Paris and London (exhibit No. yi),
is a journal of American and European circulation, especially
among the tourist class.

The In-di.\ Rubber World, New York (exhibit No. 85), ex-
hibited bound files of the journal, and distributed printed matter
regarding the character and advertising of the books issued from
its office. An "India Rubber World Information Bureau" was
maintained, with Mr. Henry C. Pearson, the editor, in attendance.

Gow, Wilson & Stanton, Limited, London (exhibit No 41 b),
occupied their space with a scries of statistical demonstrations
of the respective amounts of plantation and forest grades of rub-
ber produced in the world.

MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS.

A. W. Leslie, London (exhibit No. 108), an extensive han-
dler of waste-rubber, showed a large assortment of the various
grades of scrap.

The Russian-French India-Rubber, Gutta-Percha and Telegraph
Co., "Prowodnik," Riga, Russia (exhibit No. 63), exhibited re-
claimed rubber from Russian galoshes. Selling agents in Eng-
land: Edmund Schliiter Co., and John Lang, London and Liver-
pool.

Batu Caves Rubber Co., Limited, London and Federated Malay
States (exhibit No. 26), showed a board-room table covered
with rubber to demonstrate another use to which rubber can be
put.

The leading British railways occupied spaces for exhibiting
photographs, paintings, etc., of their respective systems. Exhibit
No. 151 was taken up by the Kearney high speed railway model,
a distinctive feature of which is a single bearing rail, the system
being adaptable to tube railways as well as surface roads.

Steamship companies were represented as well as railway lines
leading into London. Exhibit No. 41 a was taken by the Booth
Steamship Co., Limited, Liverpool, who displayed attractive views
of their steamers at sea.

Several exhibits were devoted to the facilities for handling
crude rubber in the English market, including the following:

No. 41. London and India Docks Co., London. — View of
vaults and upper floors, showing the methods of sampling and
sorting and weighing rubber and gutta-percha.

No. 41 c. Bull Wharf and Warehouse, London.— Photographs
of the wharf and showing operations of handling crude rubber
and gutta-percha.

No. 133A. Henry Kiver & Co., Liverpool— Views of rubber
vaults.

There were in every part of the exhibition the photographs
of cultivated rubber trees in different stages of growth, and
illustrating the various processes of rubber plantation manage-
ment, as well as of the character of the laborers and their man-
ner of life. In addition to special mentions of photographs
throughout this report, reference may be made to exhibits Nos.
97, 98, loi, and 102 as devoted entirely to material of this class.

There were such further exhibitors as the Salter Typewriter
Co., the Telia Camera Co., "Our Dumb Friends League," Strong
& Co. (florists and decorators), and so on.

E. R. & F. Turner, Limited, London, showed specimens of
smooth cast iron rolls, and a "John Bull" vertical steam engine.

THE UNITED STATES AT THE EXHIBITION.

The Rubber Regenerating Co. (Chicago) had an exhibit, run
by Mr. R. M. Howison, of London, who will be remembered
kindly by many members of the trade in America. They are
erecting a plant at Stoke Newington. Mr. H. MacKusick, their
superintendent, has been in London for a while looking things
over.

Mr. Frederick C. Hood, of the Hood Rubber Co. (Boston),
attended the Exhibition. On the day of his arrival in England,
just before the opening, he beat one of the crack local golfers.

Mr. Ed. Miaurer, of New York, representing an important
guayule rubber interest which has a fine display at Olympia, was
personally in attendance at the Exhibition.

Mr. Theodore E. Smith, editor of the India Rubber Revieiv,
arrived in time to attend the initial proceedings, held on the
afternoon of September 12.

Mr. Robert B. Baird, vice-president of the Rubber Trading
Co. (New York), an important concern in the crude rubber trade,
was in attendance throughout the Exhibition.

Mr. Quincy Tucker, of Boston, who has studied extensively
the Bolivian rubber situation, represented the Boot and Shoe
Recorder.

Mr. William A. Jameson, of The Fisk Rubber Co. (Chicopee
Falls, Massachusetts), was a participant in the proceedings at
Olympia, incidental to a six-weeks' vacation in Europe.

Mr. S. W. Evans, of New York, of the Picher Lead Co., deal-
ers in rubber manufacturers' supplies, was an interested visitor
at the Exhibition a number of times.

44

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

Some Notable Exhibits and Mr. Bamber's Processes.

By Hubert L. Terry.

Tl 1 E main features of this International Rubber Exhibition
have been dealt with by the Editor, and the observations I
am about to make refer entirely to the raw rubber exhibits
of Ceylon and British Malaya, which occupy two of the most
prominent stands in the Hall. Stand is perhaps too plebeian a
term to use in connection with the ornate pavilion of Ceylon
and the attractive native dwelling of Malaya, but its significance
will not be misunderstood. These two exhibits, along with the
Dutch colonial exhibits, may, I think, be selected from the bulk
of the show as of special interest, embodying as they do the
results up to date of the rubber planting industry — one of the
newest departures in economic botany. In no way do I wish to
belittle the interest attaching to exhibits of raw rubber from
the forest — such as the splendid show made by the State of
Amazonas. Native rubber, however, is not exactly a novelty,
and as the object of the exhibition was declared by the presi-
dent in his opening speech to be primarily educational, it is im-
portant to lay stress on the greatest novelties in so far as they
have an important bearing upon the rubber interest generally.

Both the Ceylon and the British Malaya stands contained
samples of plantation rubber from the most important of the
numerous companies located in their respective districts, and it
would probably prove more monotonous than instructive to refer
to each of these separately, especially as the rubber in its various
forms of sheet, block, crepe, worm, etc., is much the same as
produced by each company. Botanical exhibits were numerous,
and also photographs of general scenery and processes connected
with the industry. Samples of such catch crops as indigo and
tapioca were also to be seen, and mention should not be omitted
of the model estate rubber factory at the Ceylon stand fitted up
according to Mr. Kelway Bamber's ideas of how the work of
preparing raw rubber for the European market should be carried
out. It is, of course, notorious that the procedure on different
estates varies considerably, which is not surprising, seeing the
novelty of the whole business, and no doubt for some time to
come we shall witness great divergencies of opinion.

There is no doubt, however, that the planters will best serve
their own interests if they endeavor to produce rubber of always
the same quality, even of the same tint. This latter point may
not really be of any importance, but it carries weight with the
less enlightened manufacturer. The great complaint in manu-
facturing circles up to now has been about the want of uniformity
in bulk lots of plantation rubber, and this is of course due to
the different procedure adopted on the various estates, and also to
the variable procedure of any particular estate. In this respect,
therefore, I consider that the detailed proposals made by Mr.
Kelway Bamber for the coagulation and preparation of the rub-
ber on exact and uniform lines form one of the most important
topics brought to the notice of visitors to the exhibition. The
variation in the color of the plantation Para from Ceylon and
Malaya as shown in the numerous specimens en the stands
is very striking, practically all shades from pure white through
yellows and browns to black being represented. If Mr. Bamber's
process is generally adopted in the future it will mean that a
uniform product which is practicallly white will be produced
and that rubber manufacturers will be able to order lots amount-
ing to several tons with full confidence that the quality will be
the same throughout. It would take up too much space to give
Mr. Bamber's proposals in anything like detail, but a summary
of the main points may be attempted.

It is important to make a daily testing of the latex from each
field in order to determine when the proportion of rubber has
fallen to the minimum paying quantity.

Whatever method of tapping is employed, the trees should be
marked in such a way that the bark will be removed system-
atically and no irregular patches left which can not be tapped.
The best angle is 45°, and this should be maintained by keeping
the cuts perfectly parallel from start to finish, and not gradually
making them more vertical towards the lower end.

The knife must be kept perfectly sharp so as to cut and not
tear the bark, and immediately after making the cut the channel
should be moistened with a very dilute ammonia or formalin
solution applied by means of a piece of cloth on a stick; this
encourages the flow, delaying the coagulation, and the proportion
of scrap rubber is reduced.

Mr. Bamber advised the use of glass or stoneware cups in
preference to sheet iron, as they are more readily cleaned. They
are also to be washed before use in a dilute formalin solution
made by mixing i part of the ordinary 40 per cent, solution of
commerce with 40 parts of water. All the latex collected in the
cups is to be strained through fine wire gauze into enamelled or
wooden buckets, and on arrival at the factory is again strained
into large vats and sampled for its yield of rubber. With regard
to the determination of the amount of web rubber per gallon
it may be remarked that unless the exact procedure is detailed
very variable results will be obtained by different operators, a
very similar case being the approximate determination of gluten
in flour. With regard to coagulation Mr. Bamber does not seem
to favor mechanical methods except where the amount of latex
to be treated is only small. His proposals are a high tempera-
ture and the use of well diluted acetic acid.

It is in the coagulation that his most important suggestions
arise. He has found that if the latex has steam passed into it
until the temperature rises to 180° F. and is maintained at thii
heat for three hours, certain organic substances of a proteid
nature are destroyed and the rubber subsequently precipitated
by acetic acid is quite white and maintains this color after ship-
ment. It is mentioned that a solution of wood creosote in spirit
can be added during coagulation if desired. Presumably the
doctors are not agreed as to the utility or otherwise of this
addition of creosote. Samples of perfectly white rubber pre-
pared by this oxydase destroying process were to be seen on both
the Ceylon and Malaya stands, and it will be interesting to hear
what the trade has to say about them. Mr. Bamber's main con-
tention is that uniformity in bulk will be secured, and, further,
that the colorless rubber will be found of special use in the
manufacture of certain goods — such as teats, for example — the
white color not being affected by the vulcanization.

With regard to the subsequent washing and rolling 'processes
it is advised after the first rolling to again immerse the rubber
sheet in water at 180° F. to ensure complete destruction of the
oxydase and the complete removal of all soluble matters on which
bacteria and fungi grow. After this the rubber is allowed to
contract naturally in cold water out of contact with the air.

Mr. Bamber is against the too rapid drying of the rubber
and remarks that the 10 to 15 per cent, of moisture in Brazilian
Para is probably an advantage to it. He does not seem to be
enamored of the vacuum drying process, and thinks that the
vacuum process if used at all should only come after the natural
drying in order to get the rubber quite dry for packing. The
best method in his opinion is the use of perfectly dry air which
can be obtained easily and economically by a plant of which a
working model was shown at the Ceylon stand. It involves the
use of a refrigerating plant and a system of pipes which strike
one as decidedly ingenious, and for the purpose to be achieved
to be devised on soimd scientific lines.

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

45

Rubber Exhibition Miscellanea.

FIR HENRY BLAKE.

SIR HEXRV ARTHUR BLAKE, g.c.m.g., who presided over
tlie Rubber Exhibition, after having been in the pubhc serv-
ice for years at different posts, in December, 1903, became
governor of Ceylon, where his work was of marlied excellence.
While there he showed an acute interest in the development in
every way of the colony, and particularly in the then new rubber
planting interest. As will be remembered, he presided over ■
the successful Ceylon Rubber Exhibition in 1906. Since his
retirement from active public service Sir Henry has not lost
his interest in rubber culture, as is indicated by such contribu-
tions from his pen as that on "The Position of the Rubber
Industry," appearing in the London Financial Review of Reviews
of June last. Sir Henry is now the possessor of "Myrtle Grove,"
in Ireland — Sir Walter Raleigh's historic house. It was there
that Raleigh first planted tlic potatoes he carried from the new
world.

MR. RUTHERFORD.

Mr. H. Kerr Rutherford, of whom a portrait is given, is
chairman of the Rubber Growers' Association, with otfices in
London, a sketch of which has appeared in The India Rubber
World [November i, 1907 — page 45]. He was one of the vice-
presidents of tlie Rubber Exhibition.

COLONEL BOSWORTH.

Colonel W. J. Boswoktii, liorn in 1858 at Birmingham, was
educated successively in local schools, and Caius and Downing
College, Cambridge, after which he joined the army. In search
of big game he became a great traveler, visiting practically every
country in which rubber is native or is now planted. The Trop-
ical Life says : "His powers of organization led to his being
appointed to the command of the second provisional battalion
at Aldershot at the outbreak of the South African War, and
it is well known how pleased the authorities were with the
work he put in there, and to this day his contributions to the
military press on army organization and other matters dealing
with the forces attract the attention of all up-to-date army men."
The same qualities of executive capacity have rendered Colonel
Bosworth most helpful in the organization of the Rubber Ex-
hibition.

A. STAINES MANDERS.

XoT the least interesting feature of the Rubber Exhibition was
the method followed in the organization. The suggestion of such
an exhibition having been made and favorably received, and the
nucleus of committees having been formed, the work of creating
the exhibition was placed in the hands of a professional organ-
izer of such enterprises — a profession, by the way, which has
been developed more in Great Britain perhaps than in any
country. This condition may be regarded as a logical result of
the fact that Great Britain was the pioneer in the field of indus-
trial exhibitions of the modern type — beginning with the Great
London Exhibition of 1851— and the British metropolis has come
to be the site of exhibitions of general importance, of yearly or
more frequent occurrence, and representing at one time or
another almost every business or industrial interest.

Mr. A. Staines Manders, the organizing manager of the Rub-
ber Exhibition, was born in the "fifties," on the goldfields in
Victoria, Australia, in a tent, it is probable. His father was pub-
lishing the GoldAcld News, or some such pioneer newspaper, so
that Mr. Manders's journalistic inclination comes natural to
him. As to his present profession, Mr. Manders said : "My first
exhibition was one day when I climbed a fence, with some help
from the outside, and got in free to see the late Duke of Edin-
burgh open it. I also got exhibition from my mother when I
got home for being out all day." His first serious exhibition

was in 1879 as reporter at the Garden Palace, Sydney, and other
exhibitions followed while he attended as representing the gov-
ernment as assistant organizing manager.

Mr. Manders has organized a number of exhibitions, some of
a large character — some without pay and others on a commis-
sion basis. He was assisted in several government or public
exhibitions. As Tropical Life (London) says; he is "a born or-
ganizer of exhibitions, if there ever was one." Already, Olympia
has been secured for the World's Touring Sports, Pastimes and
Travel Exhibition for 1909, and a great Canadian Commercial
Exhibition for 1910. He is also at work on a Women of All
Nations Exhibition, Arts, Crafts and Industries.

E. E. BUCKLETON.

Mr. Ernest E. Buckleton, who is by far the best known rub-
ber man in Europe, arranged for a general conference of rubber
manufacturers of the world during the exhibition. This was
exceedingly well attended. Mr. Buckleton also proposed that on
the evening of September 24 an invitation banquet be held for
rubber manufacturers and rubber planters. This was put in
charge of the Ceylon Association, Mr. E. E. Buckleton, and Mr.
H. C. Pearson, Editor of The India Rubber World. Mr. Buckle-
ton is general manager of the Northwestern Rubber Co. (Liver-
pool). Though a native Britisher, Mr. Buckleton can boast of
a successful experience of more than a dozen years in the
American rubber trade.

The Manufacturers' Conference.

The official catalogue of the Rubber Exhibition gave a list of
the rubber goods manufacturers in Great Britain, France, Ger-
many, Holland, Belgium and Italy who had intimated their in-
tention of being present to take part in the International Con-
ference of Rubber Manufacturers, subsequent to which The

The Govv, Wilson & Stanton Competition Cup.

[Silver I)owl (value 25 guineas) for the most economical process for
preparing plantation Para rubber from the lalex, which will give the beiit
anfi most uniform product on a laree scale, offered bv (iow. Wilsoii &
Stanton, Limited, tea and rubber brokers. London. This was specially
mentioned in President Blake's opening address.]

46

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

India Rubber World received additional lists of the same kind,
but at the time these notes were being compared it was impossible
to give anything like a complete list of the visiting manufacturers
actually in London for this purpose or who were certain to be in
attendance. The list up to date, however, includes the leading
firms both in Great Britain and on the Continent. The difficulty
of being more complete in this respect is enhanced by the fact
that in every case the names of the intended representatives of
each company had not been learned. Mr. F. E. Buckleton is
named in the catalogue as the Convenor of the conference.

THE RTTBBEa CONFERENCE.

An important feature of the Exhibition was the International
Rubber Conference, which was attended by scientific men from
all the countries represented by exhibits at Olympia. One of the
illustrations in this paper is a view of one of the earlier sessions
of this conference. A number of papers were arranged for in
advance, and others were not announced before they were read.
Besides, the discussions, also to be published later, were partici-
pated in by a number of other members. At the time of pre-
paring this report the gentlemen named below were scheduled to
read papers, or deliver lectures, but all had not given notice of
the topics to be covered:

Dr. Fritz Frank, Consulting and scientific india-rubber chemist, Berlin.
GusTAV VAN DEN Kerckhove, Consulting india-rubber expert, Brussels.
G. Springer, Editor Gummi-Zeitiing, Berlin.

Professor Dr. O. Warburg, Professor of tropical agriculture at Berlin;
editor Der TropenpHanzer.

Dr. Werner Esch, Westfalen, Germany.
Alfred Dominikus, Schwelm, Germany.
Dr. Pedro Areno, Germany.

V. R. WiCKWAR.

Dr. Tbomp de Haas, Director government gutta-percha estate "Tjipetcr,"
Java.

Pierre Breuil, Engineer; editor Le Caoutchouc et la Guttapercha, Paris,
France.

Henri Jumelle, Faculty of sciences, Marseilles, France.

Monsieur Bertrand, France.

Monsieur Dybowski, Inspector General of agriculture for the French
colonies.

HiPPOLYTO Vasconcellos, Commissioner for the republic of Brazil.

Dr. Rudolf Ditmar, Rubber chemical school, Graz, Austria.

M. Kelway Bamber, f.i.s., f.c.s.. Government representative for Ceylon.

Dr. Henry P. Stevens, f.i.c, England.

Dr, D. Spence, Bio chemical department Liverpool University, England.

Clayton Beadle, Analytical chemist, England.

W. G. Freeman, b.s.c, a.r.c.s., England.

Dr. Joseph Torrey, Analytical chemist, Liverpool.

Harold Brown, England.

Dr. Philip Schidrowitz, f.c.s., England.

Professor A. H. Berkhout, Ex conservator of forests in the Dutch East
Indies.

Dr. A. G.^ N. Swart, President of the Netherlands commission to the
rubber exhibition.

Dr. M. Greshoff, Director of the Colonial Museum, Haarlem, Holland.

Professor F. A. F. C. Went, Professor at the University of Utrecht,
Holland.

Professor G. S. Boulger, England.

N. H. Witt, Commissioner for the state of Amazonas, Brazil.

Dr. Pehr Olsson-Seffer. Chairman of the delegation from the Rubber
Planters' Association of Mexico.

Professor Francis E. Llovd, Director guayule experiment station,
Zacatecas, Mexico.

Sir Daniel Morris, k.c.m.c., Commissioner of agriculture for the
British West Indies.

Herbert Wright, a.r.c.s., f.l.s.. Editor of The India-Rubber Journal,
London.

Henry C. Pearson, Editor of The India Rubber World, New York.

NOTES AND PERSONALS.

The advance notices in the English newspapers contained gen-
erally notices similar to this from the Liverpool Daily Post and
Mercury of September 8:

"During the Exhibition Mr. H. C, Pearson, Editor of The
India Rubber World, New York, will give lectures on the fol-
lowing subjects: — i. Stereopticon lecture on the manufacture of
rubber goods in the United States and Canada, with views of
the exteriors of typical factories in the various lines of manu-
facture, such as rubber foot-wear, druggists' sundries, insulated
wire, clothing, etc., to be followed by views of the interiors of
factories making the same line of goods, including automobile

parts. He will also show washing, drying, calendering and vul-
canizing. 2. A talk on crude rubber production will cover specif-
ically the gathering, /. e., tapping, coagulation, handling and ship-
ping of crude rubber in the Amazon countries, and in Panama,
Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Mexico, Hawaii, Ceylon, and the Fed-
erated Malay States, with typical views of the countries them-
selves. 3. A talk on synthetic rubbers, also on substitutes and
their assistants."

The India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Co.,
Limited, had a stand on the walls of which was shown the
Evolution of Rubber Tiling from 1889-1908. The final result was
very beautiful, their imitation granite eflfects being exceedingly
rich. The whole floor of their exhibit was covered with beautiful
tiling also, while on the counters was shown fine samples of
hard rubber in various forms, insulated wires, cables, etc.

Merens Brothers, as a part of their exhibit, showed a length
of J4 garden hose 670 feet long, made by a new machine that
makes hose in any length and without the use of the braiding
machine; in other words, it imitates the regular J4 rubber garden
hose, cloth wrapped and steam cured.

Typke & King, Limited, showed some wonderful substitutes in
snow white, crimson and yellow, also rubber soling in which
their colors were used, green, yellow, red and black. The yellow
in these soles was particularly good. They had also in large glass
jars samples of their full line of colors and compounding in-
gredients. In two huge jars of water was shown their "Parateka"
in amber color and in black. It is a floating substitute with a
specific gravity of 0.964.

The postmaster general of the German empire sent two im-
portant officials to make special inquiries regarding rubber. The
French government was specially represented by M. Dybowski,
the general inspector of colonial agriculture.

An excellent musical program was rendered by Herr Meny's
Bleu Viennese Band three times daily — for an hour, beginning at
noon; in the middle of the afternoon; and from 7 to 10 o'clock.

MORE ABOUT "TABBYITE."

■"PHE company exploiting "Tabbyite" [see The India Rubber

i

World, September i, 1908 — page 404] have supplied some

further details. They say: "We do not claim it to be a substitute
for rubber in the general sense, but we do know from practical
tests of the material, covering a period of three years, that it is
well adapted for insulating purposes, hard rubber flooring, mat-
ting, and the like. It differs quite materially from elaterite in
that it is soluble in the usual solvents, and its base is ozokerite.
It contains probably about 8 per cent, ozokerite, and a number of
volatile and non volatile oils. It is quite easily manipulated,
which distinguishes it from elaterite, the latter being quite diffi-
cult to handle in a commercial way. It is also quite diflFerent
from gilsonite, the latter being an asphaltene bitumen, and ex-
ceedingly brittle." The people mining Tabbyite regard the Utah
deposit as the only one in existence, and add : "It seems to be a
mixture of asphalt and paraffine base oils subjected to some
action in the way of heat pressure that has given it its present
character."

Valentine B. Lang, vice president and general manager of
The Hartford Rubber Works Co. (Hartford, Connecticut), died
of heart trouble on September 22, at his home in Hartford. He
was born in New York city in 1858. Mr. Lang was elected vice
president of the Hartford company at the annual election July 17,
1906, and the additional title was conferred on him March 8, 1907.
He had previously, for some time, been connected with Morgan
& Wright, and was in charge of the construction of their large
rubber works at Detroit, Michigan. Mr. Lang was a thirty-
second degree Mason. He left a widow.

OCTOBEK I, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

47

News of the American Rubber Trade.

IT is stated that tlie condition of the business of the United
States Rubber Co. has been such during the first half of the
fiscal year beginning April i last that the first and second pre-
ferred dividends have been fully earned. This is a belter show-
ing than some of the directors anticipated at the beginning of
the fiscal year, when it was thought that it might be necessary
to draw upon the surplus somewhat in order to maintain the
regular dividends. The condition of the company is otherwise
indicated by the fact that the company's preferred shares of late
have been quoted at par or higher, after having declined, during
the period of business as low as 6ij4- Tlie highest price last
year — before the depression — was 109%.

TENNIS SHOE PRICES.

The United States Rubber Co. on September i issued a new
price list of tennis shoes made at the Goodyear Glove factory,
in Naugatuck. List prices remain the same as last year on
"outing" and "Racquet" styles, but there has been a slight ad-
vance on the "Athlete." The Glove company this year have a
new feature — an extra strong high grade shoe for basket ball
players.

A TRYING TIME FOR TIRES.

The Vanderbilt Cup race this year is to occur on October 24,
in Nassau county. Long Island, near New York city. The course
is 25.4 miles, and the total distance 250 miles. By the way, Mr.
William K. Vanderbilt, Jr., the donor of the trophy for this
annual event, is reported in the newspapers to have given up
automobile racing so far as he is personally concerned, after
having done so much on both sides of the Atlantic to promote
automobiling as a sport.

DIXON COMPANY PERSONALS.

Mr. John M. Ready, manager of the New York branch of the
Joseph Dixon Crucible Co. (Jersey City, N. J.), before settling
down in that position had traveled in every American state and in
Mexico, and during the pa.st summer made a trip to Europe, from
which he returned during the first week of the past month. Mr.
George T. Smith, vice president of the Dixon company, at the
recent convention in Boston of the National Association of
Stationers and Manufacturers — where the company, by the way,
had five representatives — was elected a director of that body.

RUBBERS AT A SHOE FAIR.

The rubber shoe trade was well represented at the third Na-
tional Shoe and Leather Fair, held in the Coliseum, in Chicago,
Aug. 26-Sept. 2. The Hood Rubber Co. (Boston) had a display,
and others were made by the Chicago agencies and branches of
a number of the rubber footwear manufacturers. An ex-
hibit was made by the Marion Rubber Co., a rubber footwear
jobbing house of Marion, Indiana. Morgan & Wright (Detroit,
Michigan) had a display in the findings department and the
Western Electric Co. (Chicago) among the shoe machinery
exhibits. The Rubberhide Co. (Boston) were also exhibitors.

RUBBER GOOBS DIVIDEND.

The directors of the I'IuMk-T (ioods .Manufacturing Co. (New
York, September 2) declared the thirty-eighth regular quarterly
dividend of i}i per cent, on the preferred shares, out of earn-
ings, payable September 15.

A BANKRUPT TIRE CONCERN.

A PETITION in bankruptcy has been filed against Van's Auto
Tire Co., No. 792 Seventh avenue, New York, by three creditors,
two of whom are rubber tire manufacturers. The company
was incorporated February 24, 1908, under the laws of New York
state, with $10,000 capital authorized, to deal in automobile tires
and accessories. Frank Van Tassel, No. 220 West Forty-eighth

street, was one of the incorporators and later was president
and active manager.

FINAL DIVIDEND DECLARED.

A FINAL dividend has been declared in the matter of the bank-
ruptcy of the Milwaukee Rubber Co. (Cudahy, Wisconsin), the
total of dividends aggregating $79,001.50, or a total of 3114 per
cent, on the liabilities of the company, which were $257,525.62.
The bankruptcy was reported in The India Rubber World April
I. 1906 (page 238). The plant of the company was acquired and
continued in operation by another corporation.
NEW INCORPORATIONS.

MicHELiN Tire Co., of Massachusetts, under the laws of Mas-
sachusetts, with $10,000 capital, to control the business in that
State of the Michelin Tire Co. ; headquarters in Boston. J. C.
Matlack and Emile Fontaine, of Milltown, New Jersey, are re-
spectively president and treasurer, and L. H. Fiske, of Boston,
clerk.

Wilkie Rubber Manufacturing Co., September 5, 1908, under
the laws of Massachusetts; capital, $95,000, now reported to be
fully issued and paid. Incorporators: Robert J. Wilkie and
Arthur S. Brock, Lynn, Mass.; Annie L. Learning, Saugus, Mass.

Chester Auto and Tire-Filling Co., September 15, 1908, under
the laws of New York State; capital, $50,000. Incorporators:
Theodore Chester, Sudbury, Pennsylvania; Asbury J. Chester
(No. 82 Arnold street) and H. C. Harrison, BufTalo, N. Y. Prin-
cipal office : Buffalo, N. Y.

UNITED STATES RUBBER CO.'S SHARES.

Transactions on the New York Stock Exchange for five
weeks, ending September 26:

Common Stock.

Week August 29 Sales 1,600 shares High 34^ Low 33

Week September 5 Sales 800 shares High 35 Low 34

Week September 12 Sales 1,300 shares High 34 Low 32j4

Week September 19 Sales 2,900 shares High 34 Low 29^

Week September 26 Sales i,Soo shares High 30^ Low 28^

F<.r the year— High. 371/2, Aug. 7; Low, iji/^, Feb. 26.

Last year— High, s^'A; Low. 13J/2.

First Preferred Stock.

Week August 29 Sales 1,100 shares High 100^ Low 90

Week September 5 Sales 1,273 shares High looj^ Low 100}^

Week September 12 Sales 1,275 sliares High lor Low 100

Week Septeinber 19 Sales 2,322 shares High 100^ Low 98

Week September 26 Sales 670 shares High g9V< Low 95J4

For the year — High, 102.)^, Aug. 7; Low, 76, Feb. 19.

Last year — High, iog%; Low, 61^.

Second Preferred Stock.

Week August 29 Sales shares High ... Low ...

Week September 5 Sales 500 shares High 73 Low 70

Week September 12 Sales shares High . .". Low ...

Week September 19 Sales 200 shares High 68 Low 63

Week September 26 Sales 100 shares High 63 Low 63

For the year — High, 74, Aug. 7; Low, 42, Feb. 21.

Last year — High, 78'A; Low, 39.

TRADE NEWS NOTES.

The Rubber Republic Co. (Youngstown, Ohio) issue a
folder which is interesting as relating to the largest fire hose
award ever made— 97,000 feet for the fire department of New
York. Full details are given of the tests made for this hose.

The Omaha Rubber Co. (Omaha, Nebraska) have removed
into new quarters, which President E. H. Sprague states will
give them nearly double their former floor capacity.

The Courtney Rubber Co., who are manufacturing a special
make of tires and some meclianical goods at Plainfield, New
Jersey, have established their New York offices at No. 1976
Broadway.

48

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

RTTBBEK FACTORY CONCESSION IN MEXICO.

S. p. Applewhite was mentioned in The India Rubber World
some time ago as having applied to the government of Mexico
for a concession to establish in that country a factory for pneu-
matic and other rubber goods. The Mexican secretary of
fomento advises us: "It is a fact that Seiior Applewhite has a
contract with this department for establishing in this republic
a factory for rubber goods, excepting toys. He must submit
plans for said factory fo-- approval in November next."

TRADE NEWS NOTES.

The National Insulite Co. (Aurora, Illinois), the incorporation
of which was reported in these columns last month, announce
two products — "Insulite," for insulation generally, and "Ebonite,"
rust, acid, alkali, and weather proofing. Correspondence with the
company is signed by A. H. Mikesell, one of the incorporators
already mentioned.

The new rubber assistant Vulcole, described in The Indi.a
Rubber World September i (page 418), is put up in gallon cans,
the price being $1.10 per pound.

Mr. George E. Austin, general manager of Imperial Rubber
Co. (New York), left on September 3 for an extended trip
through the United States, as far as Los Angeles and San Fran-
cisco, and return via Vancouver and the leading cities in
Canada.

The Lovell Manufacturing Co. (Erie, Pennsylvania), extensive
makers of clothes wringers for the home and export trade, have
a rubber department for producing the rolls required, with a
capacity for supplying 2,000 wringers daily.

The Continental Caoutchouc Co. (New York) are opening an
agency for their tires at Los Angeles, California, in charge of
E. L. De Camp.

The Empire Automobile Tire Co. (Trenton, New Jersey) have
placed their agency at Cleveland, Ohio, with Mr. E. T. Horsey,
who formerly handled "Continental" tires. Mr. Horsey will
cover the greater part of Ohio for the Empire company.

The Ajax-Grieb Rubber Co. (Trenton, New Jersey) have
opened a branch in Philadelphia, at No. 316 North Broad street,
in charge of Joseph Keir, and one in Kansas City, Missouri, at
No. 1422 Grand avenue, under the management of Enoch Graf.

The Palmer-Hawkins Rubber Tire Co. (Akron, Ohio), the
incorporation of which has been noted in these columns, has for
its object primarily the manufacture of the new tire invented by
Mr. H. A. Palmer, illustrated in The Indi.\ Rubber World Sep-
tember I. 1908, (page 411). Mr. Palmer is president and general
manager, and A. W. Hawkins secretary and treasurer.

The Calmon Asbestos and Rubber Works of America, the
incorporation of which has been recorded already in The Indi.\
Rubber World, and of which Mr. Edward H. Garcin is president,
have established offices on the second floor of Nos. 100-102 Reade
street. New York.

"Continental" tires were the equipment on the Fiat Cyclone,
which lowered the world's record for a circular track, making
one mile in 51 seconds, flat, at St. Paul, on September 5.

PERSONAL MENTION.

Mr. Willl\m W. Handlev, of the United States consular
service, sailed from New York on September 19 to succeed Mr.
James A. Smith, for some time past consul-general to the Conge
Free State, with headquarters at Boma, who has been trans-
ferred to a larger post. As a Belgian colony the Congo Free
State will doubtless have another designation in future, but the
American consular post in that territory will continue to be
maintained.

Mr. Benjamin H. Ridgcly, United States consul-general for
some time past at Barcelona, Spain, has been promoted to be
consul-general at Mexico City. Mr. Ridgley has been in this
service since 1885, successively at Geneva, Nantes, and Malaga,
before reaching Barcelona, and became eventually one of the

most experienced and competent members of the service. It is
interesting to notice that the first word from him in his new
post, in the Daily Consular and Trade Reports, relates to rub-
ber conditions in Mexico.

Major J. Orton Kerbey, who attended the Brazilian national
exhibition at Rio as a representative of the International Bu-
reau of American Republics, was a visitor to the offices of The
India Rubber World, as this issue was going to press, on his
return to Washington. He visited Para and Manaos on his way
to Rio, renewing his acquaintances on the Amazon formed dur-
ing the period that he held the post of United States consul at
Para.

THE SEA ISLAND COTTON CROP.

IT appears that the yield of Sea Island cotton for the season
*■ 1907-08, though smaller than the average, exceeded by nearly
50 per cent, the crop of 1906-07. Messrs. John Malloch & Co.,
Savannah, Georgia, estimate as follows :

1902-03. 1903-04. 1904-05. 1905-06. 1906-07. 1907-08.

Bales 105,955 76,414 102,191 123,789 58,932 85,024

Reports on the new crop (1908-09) indicate an early harvest
and a fair sized crop. So far as indicated, the grade of this
crop is excellent. Malloch's quotations September 26 were:
Georgias — Extra fine 15 cents; choice 17; extra choice 175^;
fancy 19!^. Floridas — Choice 17; extra choice 17^; fancy 20;
fancy east 20@2i.

NEW RUBBER GOODS.

•■KANTCHOKE" SEAMLESS NIPPLE.

THE shape of the seamless "Kantchoke" nipple is such that
when mounted on a nursing bottle it will not collapse,
and it therefore carries with it all the strong points of the
so-called non-collapsible nipples on the market, without the ob-
jectionable feature of a physical construction on the inside or
the valve arrangement, either of which affords good lodging

"Kantchoke" Seamless Nipple.

place for disease germs. Being perfectly smooth on the inside,
the "Kantchoke" is necessarily more cleanly and more sanitary.
The nipple clings to the neck of the bottle in such manner that
there is no danger of its pulling off while in use. It is made
from a high grade of non-blooming stock, in three colors — white,
black, and maroon. It has met with much favor wherever intro-
duced. [The Faultless Rubber Co., Ashland, Ohio.]

SEMICIRCULAR AIR CUSHION.

The right to manufacture a specially formed cushion of this
description has been acquired by Metzler & Co., of Munich,
Bavaria, under the German registered design patent No. 335,240.
Tlie peculiar form, and the novel arrangement of the aperture,
insures tlie secure and quiet position of arm, leg or foot after
operations. .Attempts to devise a suitable support for the above
named limlis, and especially, after operations, for the female
breast, are as old as surgery itself. Hitherto it has been neces-

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

49

sary to remain content with the familiar round and square air
cushions, which, however, as supports after an operation arc apt
to prove directly injurious, for the round cushions, if only
sliglitly intlated-and they must not be blown up hard— because
in such case the support would not be soft cnougli— yield to the

being affected now-a-days; hence the addition of the "Melba"
last.

"DAISY" SINK STOPPER.

This is a recently patented article which has been very favor-
ably received in the retail trade. It can be placed over the sieve
or screen in a sink and clo?c the perforations so that the sink

Semicircular Air Cushion

least movement of the part supported and thereby make quiet,
safe and painless repose impossible. This disadvantage is claimed
to be remedied by the new cushion. The parts in question are
placed in the elongated oval aperture of the cushion and there
find, not only an absolutely safe and secure rest, but also an
agreeably soft support, that cannot be displaced.

THE NEW "MELBA" HEEL.

If the young women of to-day are bound to wear shoes with
six-story heels, it is incumbent upon the rubber manufacturers
to make rubbers to fit the heels. Evidently that is the idea the

"D.\isv'' Sink Stoiter.

can be fitted with water for any household purpose. They are
all rubber — no metal — with very thin edges. They are boxed
by the dozen and retail at 15 to 25 cents. [Elkhart Rubber
Works, Elkhart, Indiana.]

The New "Melba" Rubber.

Wales-Goodyear company take of the matter, because their new
"Melba" shoe, recently put on the market, has probably the
highest heel yet. It is higher than the Cuban heel and has a
narrower toe than the Cuban last. The Wales-Goodyear company
are still making large quantities of the Cuban heel, which is by
no means displaced by the new "Melba" last, but the Cuban heel
is not quite high enough for the extreme height of heel that is

This is an age when comfort is at a premium. Rubber tires
mean comfort. The commercial truck makers cannot get tires
too good, and they are willing to put down the price for what
they want. The automobile builders ask no questions as to
prices, but they want quality. The rubber tire makers have
earned the prosperity they are enjoying, and their industry is
one which must grow and prosper with increasing desire for
luxury, to say nothing of necessity. — The Hub (Neiv York).

E. T. Trotter & Co. (Brooklyn, New York) are sending to
their friends in the trade an attractive booklet of "Views of
.America," with incidental advertising of their business in insu-
lating materials for electric wires and cables ; also, rubber sub-
stitutes. [71/2" x 5". 24 pages.]

Te.xtile Rubber Co., September 16, 1908, under the laws of
New Jersey ; capital authorized, $50,000. Incorporators : Alfred
W. Ireland, No. 1580 Amsterdam avenue. New York; Frank E.
Sincerer, No. 241 Macon street, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Ida Thatcher,
East Orange, N. J.

The Mitzel Rubber Co. (Carrollton, Ohio), have been dis-
charged from bankruptcy, their indebtedness having been cared
for by an issue of bonds for $54,000.

Review ol the Crude Rubber Marker.

THE present New York market shows a considerable advance
for spot lots for nearby delivery for October, prices rang-
ing from $1.02 to $1.07. The English market is firm, with
an upward tendency, and that of Manaos strong and advancing.
This appears to be a legitimate advance, based on supply and
demand, there being practically no rubber in first hands in New
York to-day. An active request continues from tire manufac-
turers, and every indication points to an upward market. Afri-
cans are hardly in sympathy with the general strength, though
the last Antwerp sale advanced about 31/2 cents a pound.

Arrivals at Para during September, up to and including Mon-
day, the 28th, were: Islands, 785 tons; Upriver, 1090; Caucho,
220; total, 2095 tons. Compared with former crop years the
Para receipts since July I have been as follows:

1905-

July tons 1450

August " 1300

September " 2200

Total 4950 5600 5280 5285

[Average for first three months 10 years, 4570 tons.]

1906.

1907.

1908.

1840

1370

1300

1690

1500

1890

2070

2410

2095

Following are the quotations of New York for Para grades
one year ago, one month ago, and September 29 — the current
date :

Para. Oct. i, '07.

Islands, fine, new 99@ioo

Islands, fine, old none here

Upriver, fine, new io6@i07

Upriver, fine, old iio@ii2

Island, coarse, new 59@ 60

Islands, coarse, old none here

Upriver, coarse, new 88@ 89

Upriver, coarse, old none here

Camcta, coarse

Caucho (Peruvian), sheet.. 69® 70
Caucho (Peruvian), ball... 85(0)86
Ceylon (plantation), fine

sheet I29@i30

African.

Sierra Leone, ist qual- Lopori ball, prime 82@83

ity 82(^83

Sept. I, '08.
89® go

none here
95@ 96
98® 100

43® 44
none here
68@ 69
69® 70
S>@ 52
50@ 51
6i@ 62

Sept. 29.

94@ 95
none here

I02@IO3

io6@i07
46® 47
none here
72@ 73
74@ 75
52® 53
53@ 54
63® 64

I03@i04 IDS® 106

50

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

Massai, red 82(883 Lopori strip, prime. .. .68@70

Bengiiella 45@46 Madagascar, pinky ....67(0)68

Accra flake iS(si\ig Ikelemba none here

Cameroon ball 50(gsi Soudan niggers S8@59

Centrals.

Esmerelda sausage 6i(©62 Mexican, scrap 58@S9

Guayaquil, strip 46@47 Mexican, slab 42@43

Nicaragua, scrap 59(S:6o Mangabeira, sheet 43@44

Panama 46@47 Guayule 29(830

East Indian.

Assam 75@76

Late Para cables quote :

Per Kilo.

Islands, fine 48600

Islands, coarse 2000

Borneo 27@34

Per Kilo.

Upriver, fine S$4SO

Upriver, coarse 3$450

Exchange 15 7/32^.

Latest Manaos advices :

Upriver, fine s$6oo Exchange 15 3/l6rf.

Upriver, coarse 3$6oo

New York Rubber Prices for August (New Rubber).

1908. 1907. lgo6.

Upriver, fine 89@.96 l.o8@l.l5 1.2^(0)1.24

Upriver, coarse 65®. 69 .89(8 .92 .90® .92

Islands, fine 83®. 90 i.04@i.09 i.i8@i.2o

Islands, coarse 43@.46 -60® .62 .65® .67

Cameta 5i@.S3 -66® .69 .68®' .70

Statistics of Para Rubber {Excluiiag Cducho),

New York.

Fine and Total Total Total

Medium. Coarse. 1908. 1907. 1906.

Stocks, July 31 tons 198 88= 286 290 147

Arrivals, August 520 296 = 8l6 487 723

Aggregating 718

Deliveries, August 632

Stocks, August 31.

86

384 = 1 102
341 = 973

129

870

777

93

43= 129 240

Para. England.

1908. 1907. 1906. 1908. 1907. 1906.

Stocks, July 31 toiu: 250 165 376 200 675 79°

Arrivals, August 1490 1380 1565 1150 450 460

1907.

1906.

1792

1876

2470

286.S

460

485

124

218

513

4IS

Aggregating 1740 1=145 i94i i35o 1125 1250

Deliveries, August 1435 1255 1491 975 500 550

Stocks, August 31 305 290 450 375 62s 700

1908.

World's visible supply, August 31 Ions 1655

Para receipts, July i to August 31 2570

Para receipts of Caucho, same dates 600

Afloat from Para to United States, Aug. 31 438
Afloat from Para to Europe, August 31.... 417

London

September 4. — Plantation kinds have been more inquired for
than during the previous fortnight. At to-day's auctions there
was a fairly good demand for most plantation sorts at about
yi penny [^i cent] advance on last auction quotations. The
highest price, 4s. yd. [=$i.ii><] was realized for very fine pale
crepe from Malaya. Gikiyanakande estate (Ceylon) very fine
pale worm fetched 4s. 6d. [=$1.09^]. Hard fine Para (from
Brazil) sold as high as 4s. o}id. [=98^ cents]. One year ago
the highest quotation for plantation was 5.S. 7^rf. [=$i.37/i] and
for Brazilian Para 4s. GlAd. [=:$!. loK]- Decline in plantation
during the year, 19 per cent. ; decline in Para, about 10 per cent.

Rubber Receipts at Manaos,

During July and two months of the crop season for three

years [courtesy of Messrs. Scholz & Co.] :

, July. ,

From 1908. 1907. 1906.

Rio Turus- Acre, .. .tons 498 443 364

Rio Madeira 299 300 268

Rio Jurua 97 90 129

Rio Javary-Iquitos 241 269 J26

Rio Solimoes 39 62 47

July-August. »

908. 1907. 1906.

704 708 785

591 482 584

149 122 155

249 248 149

50 73 62

Total 1,174 1,164

Caucho 280 232

Total 1.454 1.396

934
94

1.743
423

1.633
333

1,735
237

New York

In regard to the financial situation Albert B. Beers, broker in
crude rubber and commercial paper, No. 68 William street. New
York, advises :

"During September the general money market conditions have
changed but little from the position of the past three months,
and there has continued a fair demand for rubber paper at 4!^(Ss
per cent, for the best names and 5j4(a;'6 per cent, for those not
so well known. While rates may not change materially for
the next month or two, the demand is likely to fall off somewhat,
as usual, at this time of year."

Antwerp,

Antwerp Rubber Statistics for August.

Details. 1908.

Stocks, July ^i. .kilos 695,551

Arrivals, in August... 640,712

Congo sorts 522,847

Other sorts 117,865

1907.

1906.

1905.

1904.

931.356

531,441

819.559

872,746

309,667

578.122

509,389

244,704

232,522

438,005

375,263

221,665

77.145

140.117

134,126

23,039

Aggregating 1,336,263

Sales in August 461,749

1,241,023
500,509

1,109,563
422,696

1,328,948
770,746

.117,450
514,955

Stocks, August 31 .

Arrivals since Jan. i. 3.473,739 3.501,465

Congo sorts 2,953,211 2,986,244

Other sorts 520,528 515,221

874,514 740,514 686,867 558,202 602,295

3.933.727

2,998,843

934,884

3,719,673 3,709.621

2,911,293 3,069,256

808,380 640,365

Sales since Jan. i... 3,606,119 3,419.135 3.982,047 3,702,832 3,718,026

Liv^rpool,

Edmund Schluter & Co. report [August 31]:

Para Rubber. — The market during August was moderately active. The
outstanding feature has been the scarcity of available supplies of fine rubber,
and with the continued demand from the United States, prices have advanced
at the close. Prospects at present are in favor of no considerable fluctua-
tions. The arrivals fl-om Brazil at the consuming markets during September
are an approximately known and not very large quantity, and the value of
Para rubber in warehouse is therefore likely to be maintained, or again
slightly advanced. On the other hand, the actual arrivals in Brazil this
month and next may make themselves felt and expressed during the second
half of the month in an easy tendency for the more distant deliveries.

The World's Visible Supply of Para, August 31.

Tons .
Prices

hard

••■■ 3340
fine 4/01.

1907.
2691

4/7

1906.
2448

5/2

1905.
1866

5/7

1904.

1402

5/-

1903-
1976

4/3

IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK.

[The Figures Indicate Weights in Pounds.}
September 8. — By the steamer Maranhense. from Manaos and Para
Importers. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho.

General Rubber

Peel & Arnold

New York Commercial Co.

Hagemeyer & Brunn

A. T. Morse & Co

C. P. dos Santos

Edmund Reeks & Co. . . ,

Fine.

Co 101,500

44,100

Medium. Coarse. Caucho. Total.

18,800 142,100 =: 262,400

16,600 98,000 28,400= 187,100

48,300 8,900 45.500 30,400= 133,100

54,000 71-300 = 125.300

1 4,300 4,600 63,200 =: 82,100

14.700 5,000 47,000 4,300^ 71,000

17,100 52,200 = 69,300

930,300

Total 294,000 53.9oo 519*300 63,100=

September 22. — By the steamer Dominic, from Manaos and Para:

General Rubber Co 185,500

A. T. Miorse & Co 159. 7oo

New York Commercial Co.

Poel & Arnold Co

Hagemeyer & Brunn

C. P. dos Santos

Edmund Reeks & Co

1,966

39,300 163,600 5.900= 394.300

66,200 43.600 3,300= 272,800

97,700 18,000 23.300 29,300= 168,300

1 17.400 12.800 22.500 10,500^ 163,200

68,200 3,600 59,400 ^ 131,200

45,400 3.500 31.500 = 80,400

7,100 1,400 23,100 ^ 31,600

Total 681,000 144,800 367,000 49,000= 1,241,800

PARA RUBBER VIA EUROPE.

Pounds.

Aug. 26. — By the President Grant = Hamburg:
New York Commercial Co, (Fine) 13,000
W. L. Gough Co., (Fine) 10,000 23,000

Aug. 27. — By the Carma«ta= Liverpool:
General Rubber Co. (Fine)..... 45.000
New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 27.000

A. T. Morse & Co. (Fine) 19,000

Poel & Arnold (Coarse) 11,500 102,500

■ Aug. 28. — By the A/awrefaKtfl^LiverpooI:
New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 65,000
General Rubber Co. (Fine).... 21,000

C. P. dos Santos (Coarse) 17,000

Robinson & Co. (Fine) 4.50o 107,500

Aug. 29. — By the Ba/^ic=Liverpool:
A. T. Morse & Co. (Caucho) 65,000

Sept. i. — By the Maracatbo = La Guayra:
General Export and Commercial

Co. (Fine) 33»Soo

General Export and Commercial

Co. (Coarse) 11,000 44.S00

October i, 1908]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

51

r

RUBBER FLUX

No. 17. Particularly adapted to softening I No. 48. For fluxing pigments in compound-
material for tubing machine. Almost univer- ing. A valuable adjunct to the manufacture of
sally used for waterproofing wire. | moulded goods as it DOES NOT BLOW UNDER CURE.

WRITE FOR PRICES.

V.

^^^(^msox^^

3<x '^r7:rMy.- wuPOLE rubber wDRK*i .

WALPOLE VARNISH WORKS.

ELCCTRIC IVCU'-ftTION LA30RAT0RY

.J

WE ARE OFFERING SCRAP RUBBER

AT LOW PRICES

Theodore Hotelier & Company /^

BUFFALO, N. Y.

WE SOLICIT YOUR INQUIRIES

IIMSIJ

l.A-rED NA/IRE: IVIAIM«JF~AO-rUJRERS

OUR FINISHING WAXES STAND "ALL TESTS." THEY ARE
ABSOLUTELY THE ONLY WAXES OFFERED FOR SALE THAT DO

EUROPEAN AND

A. IVI E F7 1 A. IM ^A/ A. X: OOIVIF>A.IMY

DOMESTIC INQUIRIES SOLICITED BaBTOM, MAaSACHUSEJTS, U. S. M.

HYDRO

That's acknowledged Best— because
vulcanizing process. Retains it^ flex

/\AAERIC/VIN \A//\X CO

- C

it Tests 99+7
ibility at %txo

•

• m

A R B INI

; Purity. Amalgamates perfectly in
weather. Have you seen samples?

Boston, /V\ass.

Sept. 4. — By the Pen>tsylzania=llamhuTg:
New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 19,000

Sept. 4. — By the Cedric=hiverpoo]:

Poel & Arnold (Fine) 17,000

Pocl & Arnold (Coarse) 14,000 31,000

Sept. 5.— By the LMcaHia^^Liverpool :

General Rubber Co. (Fine) 30,000

New York Commercial Co.

(Caucho) II ,000 4 1 ,000

Sept. 5. — By the Umbria=LiveTpoo\:

Poel & Arnold (Fine) 1 10,000

Poel & Arnold (Coarse) 5.500

New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 66,000 181,500

Sept. 10. — By the Caro»ia=Liverpool:
Poel & Arnold (Fine) 22,500

Sept. 11. — By the .(^£/t*aHcr=:Mollendo:
W. R. Grace & Co. (Caucho) 22,500

Sept. 11. — By the Lusitanuj^Uvcrpool:
New York Commercial Co. Fine) 11,500

Sept, 12. — By the l'ictoria=\\att\h\iVfi.:
New York (Commercial Co. (Fine) .... 11,500

Sept. 16. — By the Occanic=HavTe:
A. T. Morse & Co. ( Fine) 27,000

Sept. 17. — By the £(rMrta = Liverpool:
Poel & Arnold (Fine) 30,000

New York Commercial (Vi, M-'int-) 11,000

Muller, Schall & Co. ((.n.irsc) . . 2,500 43,500

Sept. 18.— By the Orin</< t'=Mollendo:
Ntw York Commercial Cu. (Fine) 3, 500

Sept. 18. — Bv the Prerc»no=:Hamburg:
Poel & Arnold (Coarse) 24,000

OTHER NEW YORK ARRIVALS.

CENTRALS.

Pounds.

Aug. 26. — By the /oac/i£'»i=Colon:

Flirzel. Feltmann & Co 6,000

A. M. Capen's Sons 5,000

G. Amsinck & Co 3. 500

Mecke & Co 3.500

A. Santos & Co i.Soo 19,500

Aug. 28. — By the Cayaj=Pernambuco:
A. D. Hitch & Co 5,000

AvG. 29. — By the Scguranca=^ycTa Cruz:

Krcamer & Forstcr 5,000

American Trading Co 1,000 6,000

Aug. 31. — By the Esperanca^Colon:

L. Johnson & Co 7,000

A. Santos & Co 4,000

Hirzel, Feltmann, Co 3. 500

(i. Amsinck & Co 3.000

Isaac Brandon & Bros 2,000

Demarest Bros. Co 2,000

West Coast Rubber Co i.soo

A. N. Rotholz 1,000 24,000

Sept. 2. — By El I?w:=GaIvcston:
Continental-Mexican Rubber (To "27,500

Sept. 13. — By the Magddana — Columbia:

G. Amsinck & Co 3,000

.fVmcrican Trading Co 1,500 4,500

Sept. 4. — By the CiVM/)(£^<?j=Tampico :

New York Commercial Co *55,ooo

P^dward Maurer •■^s.ooo

Poel & Arnold *7,ooo

American Trading Co **rSoo "98,500

Sept. j. — By the C<3/o»i=CoIon:

New York Commercial Co 5, 500

Simons, Elias & Abdad 2,000 7,500

Sept. 5. — By the Merida=VTonteTz:
General Export & Commercial Co. 2,000

Harburger & Stack i ,000

H. Marquardt & Co 1,000

E. Stciger & Co 1,000 5,000

Sept. 5. — By the Bfl3famo=Tampico:

Edward Maurer "70,000

Pocl & Arnold •34.000 "104,000

52

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

GUAVULE

WHEN PROPERLY CURED AND MIXED WITH OTHER COMPOUNDS

IS THE CHEAPEST RUBBER ON THE MARKET

There is As Much Difference Between the Various Brands of Guayule

as Between Tine Para and Shoddy

Guayule made from old, sun exposed shrub is dead, dirty and sticky, and no amount
of washing will make it clean, while rubber made from freshly cut, selected shrub, has life,
low percentage of resin and is practically clean.

OUR

PARRA^

BRAND

has been on the market for several years and is known to be the best Guayule made
as to life, strength, purity and low percentage of resin.

There is a large demand for a specially prepared Guayule, dry and ready for use,
which we have met in

OUR

BRAND

As this rubber is made exclusively from our high grade "Parra" Guayule, uniformity
and absolute purity is guaranteed. No mixing in of cheap compounds to bring down the
price. Durango rubber is nothing but Parra brand pure Guayule prepared so that anytcdy
can use it.

CONTRACTS MADE FOR REGULAR MONTHLY
OR WEEKLY DELIVERIES

For Samples and Quotations apply to

ED. MAURER

97 Water St., NEW YORK

Sole Representative of the MADERO interests in Mexico,

largest owners of Guayule

October i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

S3

Sbpt. 8. — By the K<?/Mirf=Bahia:

Poel & Arnold 34,000

J. II. Rossback & Bros 15,000 49,000

Sept. 8. — By the Croivn /'riMcf=Bahia:

rod & Arnold 33.000

J. H. Rossback & Bros 16.000

A. Ilirsch & Co 6,000 55.000

Sept. 8. — By El .4/ba=Galveston:
Continental-Mc-xican Rubber Co. . '65,000

lidward Maurcr "22,500 *87,50o

Sept. q. -By the Pritts 44ugust^Co\on:

G. Amsinck & Co 5t00o

A. N. Rotholz 1 ,000

H. Marquardt & Co 1,000 7,000

Sept. ic— By El A'or/tr=Galveston:

Continental-Mexican Rubber Co *27,Soo

Sept. 11. — By the Adz'auce=Co\on:

New York Connncrcial Co 10,000

G. Amsinck & Co 3,000

Eggcrs & Hcinlein 2,500

Horace Coleman 1,500

Jose Julia & Co 2,000

Bartling & De Leon i.ooo 20,000

Sept. 12. — By the Morro Cfl-'r//c=l"'rontera:

Harburger & Stack 2.000

H. .Marquardt & Co 2.000

General t,x|)ort & Commercial Co. 2,000

J. \V. Wilson & Co 1,000 7,000

Sept. 14. — By El CiVf =Galveston :

Continental-Mexican Rubber Co '27,500

Sept. 14. — By the Zecland— Antwerp:

New York Commercial Co *55,ooo

Sept. 18. — By the Alluinca^Co\ox\;

Fidangue Bros. Co 3, 000

G. Amsinck & Co 2,000

Hirzcl, I'cltmann Co 2,000

Piza, Nepliews & Co 1,500

Eggers & IleinleJn i»5oo

Kunhardt & Co 1 ,000

Sept. 18. — By the Afghan PWHcc = Bahia:

Poel & Arnold 45. 000

Sept. 21. — ^By the F»Ha«c?=Colon:

G. Amsinck & Co 7. 500

Roldan & \'an Sickle 2,500

llirzel, Feltmann & Co 2,500

Suzarte & Whitney 2,000

H. Marquardt & Co 1.500

Mexican Products Co 1,000

Demarest Bros. & Co 1,000

A. M. Capen's Sons 1,000

A. Rosentnal Sons 1,000 20,000

Sept. 22. — By El Dio^Galveston:

Continental-Mexican Rubber Co *55.ooo

Sept. 22. — By the 7'r»«>'io«=Bahia:

Poel & .Arnold 45,000

A. Hirsch & Co g,ooo

54.000

"Tliis sign, in connection with imports of Cen-
trals, denotes Guayule rubber.

AFRICANS.

Pounds.

Aug. 26. — By the President 'Gra«(=Hamburg:

General Rubber Co 16,500

Mullcr, Schall Co 18,500

George A. Alden & Co 4.500 39, 500

Aug. 28.^ — By the Ba//ic=; Liverpool:
General Rubber Co 1 12,000

Sept. i. — By the Fai/fr/a«d=Antwerp:

A. T. Morse & Co 67,000

W. L. Gough Co 11,000 78,000

Sept. 4. — By the Pctinsyh'ania=V{2.mhnrg:

W. I* Gough Co 11,500

Robinson & Co 2,500

Rubber Trading Co 4,500

George A- Alden & Co 7,000 25,500

Sept. s. — By the Z-«ca«Jff=Liverpool:

General Rubber Co 11 ,000

George A. Alden & Co 8,500

Livesey & Co 2,500 22,000

Sept. s.— By the C/mfrria=Liverpool:

General Rublx.T Co 34,000

A. T. Morse & Co 10,000

MuUer, Schall & ^^o.... ... . J. 500 47.500

Sept. 8. — By the FiH/aiid=:Antwerp:

Giorgc A. Alden & Co 100,000

Poel & AriUild Co, 000

A. T. Morse & Co 50,000

W. L. (iough Co 20,000

Joseph Cantor 25,000

Robinson & Co 3, 500 258,500

Sept. 10. — By the Caro«ta=Liverpool:

Poel & Arnold 11,000

Muller, Schall & Co 9,000

General Rubber Co 5,500

Joseph Cantor 5, 500 31,000

Sept. 11. — Hy the Pa(ricio=Hamburg:

A. T. Morse & Co 33. 500

General Rubber Co 30,000

Rubber Trading Co 6,500

Poel & Arnold 2,500 72,500

Sept. 12. — By the St. Z,oHij=Havrc:
General Rubber Co 25,000

Sept. 14. — By the /)Mn(i//y=Lisbon:
A. T. Morse & Co 1 1,500

Sept. 14. -^By the LoMi\jwmj=B<)rdeaux:

Livesey & Co 9,000

W. L. Gough Co 3.500 i2,50u

Sept. 16. — By the Ocramc— Havre-
General Rubber Co j6.t;o)

Sept. 17. — By the /f/rHrifl=:Liverpnol :

Poel & Arnold 3.500

A. T. Morse & Co 5,500 o,oni

Sept. 17. — Hy the Hudson— Hawi::

Poel it Arnold 33.500

A. T. Morse & Co 22,500

C. P. dos Santos 5,000

George A. .Alden & Co 4,500 65,50

Sept. 18. — By the /V('/oriu=:HamburR :

.A. T. Morse & Co 22,500

CJeorge A. .Alden & Co 11,500

Muller, Schall & C\ 11,500 45,50.

^Sept. 19. — By the /'ci(r.((7i/rt>i(/=Hamburg:
W. L. Gough Co 10.000

Sept. 22. — By the MinncopoHs=i.ov\don:
W. L. Gough Co 4.500

FAST INDIAN.

Pounds.
i/Hf^Hamburg:

6,500

*i3.5oo

Aug. 26.- — By the President
Heabler & Co

Aug. 29. ^By the /Ca/K»ia=Colombo;

A. T. Morse & Co *n,5oo

Poel & Arnold *2,ooo

Aug. 31. — By the I Vrona=Singapore:
George A. Alden & C^

Sept. 1.— By the Minnetonka^V.onf\on\

Rubber Trading Co 5,000

Robinson & Co 3,500

Sept. 3. — By the Of:i'a«a=Singapore:

Poel & Arnold 20,000

George A. Alden & Co 11,000

Heabler & Co 10,000

Sept. 8. — By the New Korfe = London :

Poel & Arnold *i 1,500

A. T. Morse & Co *io,ooo

Sept. 8. — By the Fi«/a«(/=Antwerp:
Poel & Arnold

Sept. 9.— By the MesabQ='Lor\don:

A. T. Morse & Co "15,000

Cteneral Rubber Co * 1 0,000

Sept. 12. — By the St. L(?HU=London:
Poel & Arnold

Sept. 15. — By the Mm«e/iaAa=London:

General Rubber Co 7,000

Robinson & Co 7,000

Sept. 16. — By the OccaM»c=London:
Poel & Arnold "4,500

Sept. 17. — ^By the JCa/owo^ Colombo:
A. T. Morse & Co

Sept. 19. — By the St. 6't:or£'(.'=Singapore:
Otto Isenstein & Co

Sept. 21. — By the Philadelphia=London:

A. T. Morse & Co "9,000

Poel & Arnold *5,ooo "14,000

8

.500

41

,000

*21

500

*4,ooo

*25

000

"11

000

14,000

*22

500

9

000

Sept. 22. — By the A/i«M£'a/»o/i.j=London:

A. T. Morse & Co *i3.5oo

General Rubber Co "7,000

General Rubber Co 9I000 29,500

"Denotes plantation rubber.

Gutta-Jelutong.

Aug. 31. — By the FiTOBo^Singaugre:

Heabler & Co 155,000

M. N. Joachimson 110,000

Poel & Arnold 55,000

W. L. Gough Co 55.000 375,000

Sept. 1. — By the A/iHHc(OHA'fl=London:
Heabler & Co 20,000

Sept. 3.-- By the OcfOHu^Singapore:

Poel & Arnold 220,000

Heabler & Co 175.000

L. C. Hopkins Co 110,000

George A. Alden & Co 22,000 527,000

Sept. 4. — By the Cc(/nV=: Liverpool:

W. L. llough Co 130,000

Gecrge A. Alden & Co 55,000 185.000

Sept. 17. — By the St. Ocorge=Smgaitore:

Poi 1 & -Arnold 220,000

Vinttr & Sniillie 70,000

L. C. Hopkins Co 100,000 390,000

(iUTTAPKRCHA.

Pounds.

Sept. i. — By the Miinictonka=London:

I' orge A. Alden Kr Co 22,500

W'. L. Gough Co 22.500 45.000

Sept. 18. — Hv the frf/orra=Hamburg:
Aobert Soltau & Co 8,000

B A LATA,

Aug. 26. — Bv the GHi(jHa=Demerara:
George A. .Alden & Co 10,000

Sept. i. — By the M(inicaibo=l^ Guayra:

Kunhardt & Co 28,000

G. .Amsinck & Co 22,500

fieneral Export & C^ommercial Co. 23.000
.\merican Trading Co 3.500 77.000

Sept. 5. — By the Prins W-'iV/cwi^Paramaibo:

Frame & Co 6,500

George A. .Alden & Co 2,500 •

Gilkspie Bros 2,500 1 1,500

Sept. 8. — By the 5"araH'(icfl=Demerara:

Middleton & Co 16,000

Gieorge A. Alden & Co 11,500 27,500

Sept. 8. — Bv the Aroro»a=Demerara:

George A. Alden & Co 12,500

Middleton & Co 10,000 22,500

CUSTOM HOUSE STATISTICS.

Port of New York — .August.
Imports: Pounds. Value.

India-rubber 3.578,322 $2, 102. 97')

Balata 80,045 36,094

Gutta-percha 9,286 6:135

Gutta-jelutong (Pontianak) 1,300,009 33678

Total 4,967,662 $2,178,877

E.r ports :

India-rubber 81,914 $54,438

Reclaimed rubber 2,262 260

Rubber scrap imported.... 467,956 34,248

BOSTON ARRIVALS.

Aug. 10.— By the i?c/gra:'W=:=Hamburg:

Pounds.
George A. Alden & Co., Africans 5,500

Poel & Arnold, Africans 4,500

W. L. Gough Co.. Africans.... 3,426 13.426

Aug. 20. — By the 6'a.roHta=LivcrpooI :
Poel & Arnold, Africans 7,000

Aug. 18. — By the G7iara/=Singapore:
W. L. Gough Co., Gutta-Jelutong.... 56,835
Total 77,261

PARA EXPORTS OF INDIA-RUBBER, AUGUST, 1908 (IN KILOGRAMS).

NEW YORK.

EXPORTERS. Fine.

Schrader, (iruner & Co 22,950

Gordon & Co 66,130

J. Marques & Co 16,490

Adelbert H. Alden 6,800

E, Pinto Alvcs & Co 21,420

Pires. Teixeira & Co 12,750

Scholz, Hartje & Co 170

De I^gotellcri & Co 2,380

R. Suarez & C"o

R. O. Ahlens & Co

Sundries

Itacoatiara. direct

Manaos, direct 11 5.470

Iquitos, direct

Total, August 264,560

Total, July 303.465

EUROPE.

Mtdiuin.

Coarse.

Caucho.

Total.

Fine.

Mt'tliiim

Coarse.

Caucho.

Total.

TOT.\r..

8.330

80.520

14.190

125.990

31.450

3.910

2.970

23,492

61.822

187.812

9.860

98,010

174.000

26.860

6,800

330

33.990

207,990

2.720

54. "20

73.33"

28.560

3.570

5.280

37,410

llo,74J

.3.230

35.640

4,620

50,290

28.220

3.570

10,560

13,200

55,550

10^,840

46.530

67.950

29.750

7.920

37,670

105.620

17,490

30,240

13.600

9.900

23,500

53.740

170

38.280

38,620

11,880

11.880

50.500

1.700

43.890

47.970

....

47,970

12, 610

....

4.3"!

2,639

19.500

19,550

10,436

10.436

10.436

....

100

....

100

100

3.242

2.132

1,740

7.114

7.II4

32.182

39.49"

16,225

203,368

313.446

45.881

"7.371

73.243

449.941

653.309

4.583
502.857

388
64.119

2,938

75,252

246.774
361,418

254,683
1.003.646

254,683

5^'i2^

453.971

35,035

811.758

1,815.401

77.885

343.954

109.439

834,743

337.645

33.166

107,931

149,003

627.745

1.462,488

54

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[October i, 1908.

OBITUARY.

Vol. 39.

OCTOBER 1. 1908.

No. 1.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Editorial:

A Story of Growth '

The Popular New Vehicle '

Trying to Drive Out Air ^

Training Rubber Estate Managers 3

A New Regime in the Congo 3

"Para" or "Hevea"? 4

Minor Editorials 4

The Editor's Book Table 6

Aeronautics and the Rubber Industry 7

[With 7 Illustrations.]

Growth of the Insulated Wire Industry

Ira IV, Henry lo

Machinery for the Balata Industry 12

[With 13 Illustrations.]

The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain

Our Regular Correspondent 15

The Annexation of the Congo to Belgium

Hon. James Gustavus Whiteley 17
[With 2 Illustrations.]

The Export Trade in Rubber Goods

Alexander Macpherson 19

'Mechanical Goods Industry 22

The Rubber Planting World 23

[With an Illustration.]

Recent Patents Relating to Rubber 25

[United States. Great Britain. France.]

New Rubber Factory Appliances 27

[Apparatus for Refining Rubber. Clark's Strainer Fixture. Rub-
ber Spreading Machine. A New Rubber Mixer. With 6
Illustrations.]

Miscellaneous:

British Rubber Substitutes 5

A Campaign of Education .<;

The India Rubber Wori-d's Editor in Japan. (With Portrait.) 6

A German Cable to Brazil it

Rubber Shoes in China 11

Solution for Cement Work Erwin Meyer, Ph.D. 16

One More "Artificial Rubber" 16

Progress in Peru's Rubber Area 16

Cotton Planting Progress 18

Is "Diabolo" Declining ? 18

Guayule Area of Mexico 21

India-Rubber Goods in Commerce 21

Rubber Industry at Singapore {Illustrated) 24

India-Rubber Interests in Europe 26

Non-Decomposable Crude Rubber 26

Fruit of Palo Ajnarillo (Illustrated) 26

Rubber Heels Bad for Thieves 28

Exhibition of Fire Apparatus 28

Japan and the Rubber Industry 28

A Weed-Eating Tropical Creeper 30

The Properties of "Vulcole" 31

Rubber for Heart Testing (Illustrated) 31

The State of the Tire Market 32

Obituary— B. F. Sutton (li'ith Portrait) 54

International Rubber and Allied Trades Exhibition at Olym-

pia, London 33

[With 16 Illustrations.]

News of the American Rubber Trade 47

The Trade at Akron Our Correspondent 29

The Trade at San Francisco Our Correspondent 30

Review of the Crude Rubber Market 49

Rubber Scrap Prices.

Late New York quotations — prices paid by consumers for car-
load lots, per pound — show an advance, as compared with last
month :

Old rubber boots and shoes — domestic 8>^@ 8j4

Old rubber boots and shoes — foreign 8 @ 8%

Pneumatic bicycle tires 6 @ 6^

Automobile tires 6 (S) tyi

Solid rubber wagon and carriage tires 7 @8

White trimmed rubber 10^2(0)11

Heavy black rubber 4/^@ 4^

Air brake hose 3J4@ 4

Garden hose 2 @ 2^

Fire and large hose 2J4@ if^

Matting iVi® iH

Benjamin Franklin Sutton.

DENJAMIN F. SUTTON died on September 23 at his summer
*-* home, "Echo Park," at Lake Spofford, New Hampshire.
For some time he had been so much of an invalid as to fill his

friends with appre-
hension, but the
end came sudden-
ly, following a
third attack of
paralysis. Mr.
Sutton was born
about 63 years ago
at Lockport, New
York. At an early
age he became in-
terested in the rub-
ber manufacture
through a connec-
tion with the Per-
kins Manufactur-
ing Co., which
later was merged
with the Duval
Rubber Co. (Prov-
idence, Rhode Isl-
and). He was of
inventive turn of
mind and devel-
oped an atomizer
valve which was worked at a profit by the two companies named.
About 1885 Mr. Sutton became connected with a New York
firm in the rubber druggists' and stationers' sundries business,
which then for six years had consisted of two partners — Russell
Parker and James H. Stearns. The firm then became Parker,
Stearns & Sutton, which name was continued after the business
was incorporated under the laws of New York state in Decem-
ber, 1892, with $450,000 capital. Mr. Sutton was the inventor
of the continuous flow syringe and of a number of other special-
ties manufactured so successfully by the company referred to.
The style of the corporation was changed December 8, 1905, to
Parker, Stearns & Co., owing to Mr. Sutton's wish to retire
from business, and he sold his interest in the firm.

Mr. Sutton was prominent in the social life of Brooklyn for
years. He was a member of the Union League Club and presi-
dent of its bowling association. He was an enthusiastic yachts-
man, owning the schooner yacht Loyal, and holding for a long
time the position of cominodore of the Brooklyn Yacht Club, in
addition to being a member of several other organizations de-
voted to this sport. Mr. Sutton finally made his home in the
state of New Hampshire all the year — in winter in a beautiful
home which he built at Keene, and in summer at "Echo Park,"
already mentioned. At Lake Spofford he had as neighbors his
two partners, Messrs. Parker and Stearns, both of whom owned
beautiful homes there.

Mr. Sutton, in his prime, was a man of striking appearance,
an athlete, and an amateur artist whose work attracted attention.
The interment was from his late home, on September 25. A
widow and daughter survive.

In Tlie India-Rubber Journal occurs an extended notice of the
marriage of Mr. Baldwin Drummond and Mrs. Marshall Field,
in London, on September 3. Mr. Drummond, who is a grandson
of Lord Muncaster, is one of the joint managers of the British
Murac Syndicate, Limited, which has a direct relation to the
rubber industry. Mr. Drummond is related to the Duke of
Westminster, who is described as also a large shareholder in the
murac syndicate. The bride was the widow of the son of the
late Marshall Field, the wealthy Chicago merchant.

LET ME SHOW YOL

)w to SAVE the HONEY you are losing
rouifh imperfect processes, products, ran
itehals, etc.

■D*K J. MAYWALD. F. C. S..

(Successor to Dr. Peter T. Austen),
CONSULTING CHEMIST.
Mne St., Phone. 823 John, N. Y. CITY.

TABLE OF CONTENTS 86
BUYERS' DIRECTORY 52

>-^' j>&-j: -J ^■^•.-5r«.: !•■■

V'"'\C

Ai.INTIES fea

rr>'.n lillHllAM lUBnflK en., sowl re..„,i,lSl., SAN FjiANCISCO, CAL. pft.
'ftiyi ficlUlUM RlKllHi <■(>.. ^iS 'if.utli Hrna.1»av. L' iS ANr.Ei.ES, CAL.gg,
o!5&3 II. II. PH1I.MI'> .veil., .> Scott St . TdkiiNTU, CASAIIA

mmmmmm*.

■^!^-f(il AGENCIES ^VS^a

IHIJS'¥1 DESTER Rl'BBER CO,, cor. i6th and Welton Sts.. DENVHR. CDLO. fc-.'-S' {1
I^Bfc'Sa eORHAU Rl-nBEB CO,, 3"> "t Ave. South, SEATTLi:, ^^ ,\SH. F<V;\)
[gp^'T^ F. O. W1I.LH.1IS. ciibraltar Building. KA.-^SAS CITY. \h' t' • )

ijPg^^l^^SagS^JJ-:;-

s;H4mmB£m

IFkj

ASHLAND. OHIO

NEW YORK OfflCE
27>29 WEST FOURTH ST.

[

CHICAGO OEEICe
OGDEN BLOC, 34 CLARK ST.

(f)

ca

CO

B

of

s»

a g

© g
u s

LAMPBLACKS ESPECIALLY FOR RUBBER MANUFACTURE

SAMUEL CABOT, BOSTON, MASS

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

MARK OF QUALITY

ESTABLISHED^! 854

SPECIAL ATTENTIOH GIVEN TO XXFOBT BUSINESS. COEBESPONBENCE AUB INQUISZES SOLICITED.

The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal

MANUFACTURERS OF

Llrt^ITTED

ALL KINDS OF HIGH GRADE GENERAL RUBBER GOODS

AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE

Celebrated "CANADIAN" Rubbers

We are alvays open to cotreepond
wltb experienced Robber men. both
for Factory and Executive Work.

Factory and Executive Offices: inyenUons kindred to the Trade

and Ideas for deTelopment. Inrited.
MfkNTDFAl D fi Oar Derelopment Department kItc*

ITl^^I-l I KE.<41-« r, V these matters special attention.

Canadian Sale* Branchsa: HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL, Que., TORONTO, Onl., WINNIPEG, Man., RECINA, SASK.,

CALGARY, Alta., VANCOUVER, B. C, VICTORIA, B. C.

D. LOaNE MoOIBBOV, J. C. IflOEOLSOir, U. C. UTTLLABEY, E. J. YOUITOE, B. LLOTS JONES,

Vio»-Prei, & Managing Director. Hajia^er HeohAniottl Oooda. Uana^er Footwear Dept. Sales Manager. Sact.-TrMU.

B. LOEWENTHAL ®, COMPANY

NEW YORK. 450 Greenwich St. BUY AND SELL C ^Tk k Tk nTTDDITn

CHICAGO. 162 5th Avenue ,, ^,^ crade 5CK A" KUDDJIK

BUY AND SELL

IN ANY GRADE
IN ANY QUANTITY

RUBBER MAKERS' Necessities and Sup-
plies for Producers of Surfacers, for
Waterproofing, Saturating Materials and
Electrical Insulating Purposes, viz:

RUBBER SURROGATES LIME FLOUR

White and Brown PIGMENTS

SULPHURETTE-ANTIMONY

Qoldeo and Crimson

RED OXIDE

HYPO BLACK

CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR

GENUINE LITHARGE

Powdered and Flake

SULPHUR

VEGETABLE BLACKS

BLACK FILLER

BISULPHIDE CARBON

TETRACHLORIDE CARBON

Standard and Brilliant
VERMILION

ROSIN Chemically Treated
SHELLAC

GILSONITE ASPHALTUM
HYDRO CARBON
MINERAL RUBBER
ELASTIC COMPOUND
COMPO BLACK
WAXES, Ceresine, Ozokerite
VARNISH MAKERS' SUPPLIES
INSULATING COMPOUNDS

PLEASE WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS

We are alert to present unknown natural products lo the producers o{
rubber goods and others so soon as our investigating department finds
them of sufficient interest.

William H. Scheel

Re^iitered
Cablegram
Address,
"OBLIGATO,"
New YorK

jMerchant

Talephona

Call

840 Jahn

159 Maiden Lane and 37 Fletcher Street
NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U. S. A.

/\DOLF»H HIRSCH & CO.

Importers and Dealer* In

Brazil Manicoba and Sheet Rubber

OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS

BRIDOE ARCH, 17 Frankfort St., NEW YORK

Talapbone 3190 Beekman Gable Address 'AdUPBCbco'

■i Bi

PHILADELPHIA. PA.

Mills: GERMANTOWN AND KENSINGTON

Reclaimers
NON ACID Process

CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

55

I

(f>6 ii^r '4

Published on the 1st of each Month by

THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING GO.,

No. 395 BROADWAY. NEW YORK.
CABLE ADDBEBB: IRWORLD, NEW YORK.

HENRY C. PEARSON,

EDITOR.

HAWTHORNE HILL,
ASSOCIATE.

Vol. 39.

NOVEMBER I. 1908.

No. 2.

Sdbscbiptions : $3.00 per year, $1.75 for six months, postpaid, for the
United States and dependencies and Mexico. To the Dominion
of Canada and ali other countries, $3.50 (or equivalent funds)
per year, postpaid.

Advertising : Rates will l)0 made known on application.

Eemittances : Sliouid always be made by bank or draft, rostcfBce or
Express money orders on New York, payable to TiiB India
RbBBER Publishing Company. Remittances tor foreign sub-
scriptions should be sent by International Postal Order, payable
as above.

DlscONTiNiiANrES : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are
regarded as permanent, and after the first twelve months they
will be discontinued only at the request of the sutiscriljer or ad-
vertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each
period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance.

OOPYRIQHT, 1908, BY

THE INDIA RUBBER PVBLIBHINO CO.

Entered at New York postofflcc as mail matter of the second class.

TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE READING MATTER.

POLITICS— AND BUSINESS.

THE near approach 3f the American presidcntal elec-
tion — the date is November 3 — does not tempt
The India Rubber Would to indulge in any forecast
of the result, although we do not doubt our capacity
as prophets equally with most of those who are doing
business in this line. The fact is that the era has gone
by when "the country" was ".saved" or "lost" as the
result of a national election. The same people stay on
the same soil, occupied in the same pursuits ; the laws
remain practically the same even in the event of a com-
plete change of party control, and back of all remain the
same constitution and the same flag. What need, then,
of a scare, when Americans start out to discharge the
periodical obligation of designating a new occupant of
the White House?

There is reason for discussing business conditions in
America, however, regardless of political conditions at
this time. The latter we may dismiss with the general
C5 statement that the 1908 campaign has been exceptionally
2? brief, and that the contending parties in the contest
have, so far as we have been able to see, outlined no
issues. No matter who may be chosen president, he has
no power to make or unmake the laws of the country,
and the composition of the national legislature is changed
slowly and conservatively.

But what about business? Just a year ago The India
RuiiBEK Would was chronicling the decision of the lead-
ing rubber manufacturers to limit production for an in-
definite period to the absolute demands of trade ; in
other words, to invest no money in making goods for
"stocking up." We are of the opinion that the decision
was wise. Suppose that a score of tire manufacturers,
each maintaining a branch house in every important
center between the Atlantic and Pacific, are each trying
to make all the tires that the 150,000 American auto-
mf)bilists may require. Is it good business? Is stock-
ing u[) the branch houses meeting a demand? Does the
volume of manufacture involve a measure of profits?

I'ortunately, we think, the bankers of the manufac-
turers we have reference to — and the same thing was
true in other lines than tires — advised a curtailment of
activity, with the result of a marked decrease, for a
while, in the production of rubber goods. Likewise,
less rubber used, and lower prices for rubber.

The lower prices for rubber are now ancient history,
which is pretty good evidence that the rubber manu-
facturers have been obliged to get busy again, in order
to meet a normal demand for goods which can be sup-
plied no longer from store. All of this has happened in
advance of the presidential election, for wdiich reason
we may indulge the suggestion that, no matter how the
election may result on November 3, the victorious party
cannot well claim credit for the revival of business that,
undoubtedly, is now developing.

RUBBER PLANTING TO DATE.

THE International Rubber Exhibition held recently
in London was, first of all, a notable demonstra-
tion of the success of rubber culture. It seems
hardly longer ago than yesterday when intelligent
business men were discussing such questions as
whether rubber trees could be grown from planted
seeds, whether cultivated trees would produce rubber,
or whether the product of such trees could be obtained
at a profit. Already these basic questions have been
answered in the affirmative so effectively that con-
servative owners of capital now have more than a
hundred millions of dollars invested in rubber culture,
with the result that many hundreds of square miles
of land have been covered permanently with forests
of the most valuable rubber yielding species.

.Simply as an achievement in creating forests, the
work of the rubber planters already has proved one
of the most notable results of human endeavor. But
what has been accomplished is not merely interesting
by reason of its novelty and its magnitude ; the result
promises to be of untold benefit to the world, besides
yielding handsome profits to many of those whose
capital has been invested in this work.

The amount of plantation rubber that has been
marketed to date is well worth consideration. During

56

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[NOVEMBEK I, 1908.

the first eight months of the current year no less than
2,618.652 pounds [ = 1142j/^ metric tons] were shipped
from Ceylon and the Malay States alone — of the high-
•est priced rubber in the world's markets. This is at
the rate of 1714 tons per year. Considered from one
standpoint this is not a large figure. The world's
approximate total production for the fiscal year 1907-
'08, according to one of the best authorities, was 66,-
-379 tons, compared with which the Ceylon and Malaya
product would figure only about 2j4 per cent. It must
be considered, however, how rapidly the plantation
product has increased in volume, only 296 tons having
come from the Far East in the first eight months of
1906, and practically nothing back of 1904. Its intrin-
sic value must also be taken into account, one ton of
Ceylon rubber offsetting in the factory from 1^^ to 5
tons of other grades ; its superior selling value is no
less marked.

It might be pointed out that at the same rate of
increase, the output of plantation rubber from the Far
East in 1910 would amount to 10,000 tons. While we
doubt that this result will be reached so soon, there
can be no doubt that by the time the many millions of
carefully cultivated young rubber trees already planted
have come "into bearing," the product of plantations
will easily rank first in the matter of quantity in any
list of crude rubbers.

It is not to be understood, however, that the busi-
ness of rubber planting involves no unsettled problems.
About all that has been settled definitely is the afifirm-
ative answering of the three questions in the opening
paragraph of this orticle. The success attained in the
Far East has related mainly to the Hevea species, but
the details have little bearing upon the culture of other
rubber yielding species; they are not even conclusive
with regard to Hevea in other regions.

Now to confine our attention to Hevea alone, and in
Ceylon and Malaya, the questions remain to be con-
sidered: How should the ground be prepared for
planting? How close to plant? Should the ground be
kept clean while the seedlings are getting a start?
Should "catch crops" be planted, and if so what?
When to begin tapping? What method of tapping to
adopt? What form in which to send the rubber to
market? We have seen that, without the final set-
tlement of any one of these questions, much planta-
tion rubber has been produced and sold and put to
use, and much of it at a profit to all concerned. Never-
theless, the questions here suggested, and many more,
are deserving of careful consideration.

It is not too much to say that the future settled
practice of national rubber culture remains to be de-
fined, and that in all probability the scientific estate
manager ten years hence may regard as exceedingly
crude the best work in rubber production of the pres-
ent year. Hence we look forward to having occasion
to devote no little space to the subject of the further

development of rubber culture, not only in the regions
where the greatest success has been attained thus far,
but in other regions as well.

THE TAXICAB TRUST.

'T~'HOUGH one taxicab may not run far in its appointed
■*• sphere, taxicabs on a whole are doing much to make the
whole world akin. In our news pages note is made of the
listing on the Paris stock exchange of the shares of the leading
company, to date, in supplying New Yorkers with a taxicab serv-
ice, and already Parisian "bulls" and "bears" were trading in
the shares of the leading London company in the same field.
It has come to the point, really, that the thrifty French investor
may be interested, while he enjoys his newspaper and his morning
cofifee together, in learning whether it has been raining in New
York. More rain, more taxicab passengers, more dividends for
himself. For France is the home of the new service, and
France has supplied not only the vehicles and appliances, but an
important amount of capital in introducing the new conveniences
elsewhere. French directors sit on the boards of the corporations
which collect taxicab fares in New York as well as in London and
most other important English cities.

If the politicians hear of this they may decide that they have an-
other peg on which to hang an argument against "trusts," but this
will avail little if the public should happen to vote the taxicab a
good innovation — which they seem disposed to do. The truth is that
the individual owner of a cab horse, working his own plant, can-
not render so good a service, and at so small a cost, as the elab-
orately organized system of carrying passengers in cities every-
where, which is the basis of the new line of securities listed on
the Paris bourse, to which reference has been made here. Doubt-
less the taxicab business will become less centralized in Paris in
time, but that city deserves the credit for the innovation. But
wherever the profits go, the rubber tire manufacturers may expect
to benefit in whatever country the new vehicles are operated.

If anybody is working overtime these days it must be the
tire inventing class. They work even while they sleep, for
surely they could not turn out during waking hours alone such
a volume of contributions as they make to the patent office
files. Besides, some of the specifications suggest "dreams" —
mental activity after the midnight oil has ceased to burn. This
is not recorded by way of criticism or complaint; the more the
merrier for the looker on ! But what reward has the inventor
for such incessant efTort? We have no idea that the motorists —
the buyers of tires — ever hear of such strange things as they
might if they had enough curiosity to read all the patent speci-
fications. Can it be that the tire inventors have a grudge
against the patent ofiice examiners, which they seek to make
felt by overwhelming the latter with work?

Not satisfied merely with making artificial rubber
"equal to the best Para," an English inventor, according to
the newspapers, has gone so much farther as to make "a latex
which could be coagulated into rubber." Whoever can produce
a latex without the aid of nature ought not to find it difficult
to produce latex yielding trees without waiting for seeds to
germinate, and, what is more, trees that will yield latex in
every climate, without regard to seasons. The artificial rubber
inventor, when he comes to be really in earnest, knows no
such word as impossibility.

A recent theft on an extensive scale of motor tires
is referred to in a local newspaper as having been carried out
by burglars who didn't molest the cash or other valuables in
the store. Which might justify the firm in claiming to make
"good tires." Also, rubber surely is "going up" when it gets
to be worth more than money.

NOVEMPER I, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

57

THE USES FOR GUTTA-PERCHA TISSUE.

■ I ' H E increasing number of uses to which gutta-percha tissue
■'• is being put is responsible for making this article quite im-
portant to the trade. When gutta-percha tissue was first made
in the United States, something more than 50 years ago, it was
manufactured exclusively for the use of hatters. By these it
was used to stick the manufacturer's name plate or trade mark
on the inside of the crown. The name plate was printed in
silver or gold on the tissue, placed in the crown of the hat, a
hot iron passed over it and it became inseparably a part of the
felt. This use of gutta-percha tissue was for a long time the
only important one to which it was put, although some hos-
pitals used it for bandages and surgeons sometimes used it in
dressing wounds where it was desirable to keep out the air. E.x-
cept for these surgical uses it is commercially employed only
as a cement for sticking cloth or for making it waterproof.

The archives of the Bishop Gutta-Percha Co. (New York) tell
the story of the American demand. In his report to his stock-
holders in about 1866 Mr. Bishop relates that since the end of
the war the demand for gutta-percha for cables, for splints, and
for other surgical purposes had decreased very rapidly, but that
in order to keep his factory busy and at the same time make a
good profit, he had undertaken to supply the hat-making trade
with gutta-percha tissue, which was used for affi.xing labels.
This, Mr. Bishop said, was keeping the factory fairly busy.

Since that time the adhesive qualities of gutta-percha tissue has
brought it into many uses. The principal of these is the demand
created by the tailors, who use large quantities of the tissue in
finishing the bottoms of trousers. For this purpose the tissue is
put up on spools in strips of from i inch to lyi inches in width,
each spool containing 100 yards. Its use at the bottom of trousers
prevents any stitching being necessary and therefore makes a
much smoother finish, hher the hem is turned up at the bot-
tom of the leg a strip of gutta-percha tissue is placed between the
two layers of the cloth, a hot iron is passed over it and the hem
is cemented firmly and evenly. For this purpose the tailors use
tissue that ranges from 6 to 8 square yards to the pound and
is fully twice as heavy as the tissue used by the hatters. In some
instances the tissue is also used in finishing the ends of sleeves,
and in shaping coat collars. For the latter purpose, however, a
stifFer material is generally needed.

.'\mong the principal uses for which the tissue is used at pres-
ent is the making of dress shields, and in covering corset steels.
Dress shields are manufactured by placing a sheet of tissue,
somewhat heavier than that used by the tailors and made of
the pure gum, between two layers of cloth and cementing by
the use of a hot iron. This makes a moisture proof shield, prac-
tically as light and pliable as the cloth itself. Large quantities
are used in this manufacture. In the manufacture of corsets,
steel stays are now generally used instead of whalebone. Gutta-
percha tissue is used in furnishing a waterproof covering for
these so as to prevent rusting. In cheap corsets the tissue is
simply attached by heat to the steel itself, giving it a moisture
proof coating, but in the finer grades strips of muslin and tissue
are cut to exactly cover both sides of the steel; these are folded
around the steel with the tissue between the metal and the cloth
and cemented by the application of heat so that "skinning" or
slipping off is an impossibility.

Another considerable use to which gutta-percha tissue has been
put in recent years, is in dressing and repairing furs. For
this purpose the tissue is invaluable. It is backed by a piece of
cloth and these are furnished in a variety of colors to match
the skins upon which they are to be used. The edges to be
fastened are brought together, the tissue side of the fabric
placed next to the skin and the iron applied with the result, if
the color is well matched, that the joint cannot be discovered
from either side of the fur. Patches are applied in this way
and skins are pieced together. The process is also the basis

of the manufacture of the cheap furs that are so plentiful in
the market. These are made up from scraps and odds and
ends that formerly were thrown away. By careful workmanship
and the use of gutta-percha tissue jackets, muffs and boas are
now made at an extremely low price that require very close
scrutiny to be detected. Quantities are used for this purpose
and the joints are practically unbreakable.

Speaking of the patching utility of the tissue, it might be
pointed out that one big firm, Larkins & Co. (Buffalo, New
York) uses from 400 to 500 pounds of tissue a month which it
cuts up and sells in envelopes as "mending tissue" at 10 cents
a package. This tissue is cut into strips 6 inches wide and one
yard long, one strip to the package. The directions say that it
will mend instantly any fabric from the finest to the coarsest
weave, kid gloves, rubber goods, hats or shoes. For mending
a rent or cut the edges are drawn together, on the under side
is placed a strip of tissue large enough to cover the hole, this is
backed with a piece of the cloth and the whole hermetically
sealed by the application of heat. If it is a hole that is being
patched a piece of paper is placed on the outside to absorb the
surplus tissue. In this case the tissue will adhere to the paper
rather than to the cloth, leaving upon the latter no evidence
of its presence.

The tissue is also used by shoemakers for mending shoes with
invisible patches and for cementing in the original manufacture
of the shoes. For this purpose and for splicing leather belts
the gutta-percha cement is more generally used than the tissue.
In the belt splicing great success has been obtained. The two
surfaces to be joined are covered with a coating of the cement
which is mi.xed in some volatile solvent. After evaporation has
dried out the solvent and left the leather covered with the ce-
ment the surfaces are pressed together between hot irons and the
adhesion is so perfect that the splice can scarcely be detected
and is as strong as any other portion of the belt.

High class printing establishments are using quite an amount
of tissue recently for underlaying cuts. This is made thicker
than the mending tissue, running only 4 or 5 square yards to
the pound. Cuts are backed with the tissue when hot, and run
through the press. The plastic condition of the gutta-percha
builds the cut to exactly the right height and when cold this
is rigid. This is principally used in magazine and fine book
work. The government printing office at Washington uses quite
a quantity of gutta-percha tissue tape, Yz inch wide, one sixty-
fourth of an inch thick and wound on spools of 100 yards each.

Paper manufacturers also use the tissue to a considerable ex-
tent for fastening the ends of rolls. The ends of the rolls are
lapped with a strip of tissue between and the passage between
the rollers furnishes enough heat for a perfect fastening.

New uses for the tissue are constantly being devised and the
sale of it is gradually increasing, although some of the original
services to which it was put have been lessened by substitutes.
This is notably the case with the hat labels, only the higher priced
goods now using the tissue. There are enough services for it,
however, to keep the makers active and the demand is steady.

An eight-day taxicab test has been arranged to take place
in Paris this month. One object is to give an opportunity of
more accurately controlling and combining the consumption
of the various fuels employed.

The city of New York now owns, for the use of the various
municipal departments, 102 automobiles. As mentioned in ..
former India Rubber World, rumors were not lacking of the
want of system in keeping the machines in order, and the absence
of economy in the matter of repairs. According to The Motor
World, however, a municipal garage has now been opened, under
the charge of responsible employes of the city, all the city
automobiles now being cared for in one place, and all repairs
and supplies being obtained at a minimum cost.

58

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, iqoR

GUAYULE IN THE UNITED STATES.

■ I 'HE production of giiayule rubber in Texas is the subject
•*■ of a recent report made bj- the German consul in Galveston,
from which we quote : "The experiments made with the produc-
tion of rubber from the guayule plant have proved so successful
that a corporation known as The Big Bend Manufacturing Q).
has closed a contract with the state government of Texas, by
which it has acquired the right to utilize the guayule plants grow-
ing on all the so called school lands which are at the present
time still owned by the state. The guayule producing areas thus
leased comprise millions of acres of land in western Texas. The
territory in which the guayule plant thrives especially well, ex-
tends from Langtry, in Val Verde county, to Cerro Blanco in
El Paso county, and comprises an area measuring 250 miles in
length by 75 to 100 miles in width. The present term of the
contract of lease is four years, and the amount paid the state
for rental is $61,000. In order to prevent the destruction of the
species, a special provision has been incorporated in the con-
tract prohibiting the cutting of plants before they have reached
a certain age and attained a stated height."

.Some details regarding the contract referred to in tlie German
consular report appe.ired in The Indv.v Rubber World October
I, 1907 (page 21), including the provision of the act of the
Texas legislature authorizing the contract, that no bid would
be accepted from any party or a member of any trust, monopoly,
or combination in restraint of trade. The act became effective on
July II, 1907, after a hasty passage, section 2 declaring the exist-
ence of such "an emergency and imperative public necessity
that the constitutional rules requiring bills to be read on three
days be suspended." Neither the act, however, nor the regula-
tions for carrying it into effect, called for haste in the utiliza-
tion of the guayule on the school lands, and it would not be
surprising if the Texas supply controlled by the "Big Bend Man-
ufacturing Co." should be held in reserve until rich.er fields jn
Mexico are exhausted.

* * *

All the guayule shrub in Texas is not on the school lands,
however. The India Rubber World August i, 1907 (page
332), reported the incorporation of the Texas Rubber Co.,
for the purpose of extracting rubber from guayule, stating that
it had already purchased all the guayule shrub in three large
Texas counties. No report has been had of action by this
company, and it is possible that nothing will be done while the
interests in control are busy in developing work in Mexico,
which was begun at an earlier date. Texas has thus far con-
tributed no guayule rubber to the market.

* * *

It may be of some interest to note that the guayule shrub first
became the subject of scientific attention in what is now United
States territory. Texas was formerly a part of Mexico, and
upon its annexation to the United States a formal establishment
of the boundary line between the two countries became necessary.
The "Report on United States and Mexican Boundary Sur-
vey" made on behalf of the former country by Major William
H. Emory (Washington, 1859"), in a series of sumptuous quarto
volumes, embraces a number of scientific reports, that on Botany
(Volume II) being the work of the afterward famous John
Torrey. On page 86 the plant now known as "guayule" is
described by Asa Gray, an assistant in the work and also des-
tined to become famous, and by him given the designation Par-
thenium argentatum, which it has still retained. The specimen
reported on was gathered "near Escondido creek, Texas [a
region which the present writer cannot identify], in rocky places,
September, 1852," by Dr. Bigelow. Gray does not appear to
have observed that the shrub contained rubber. The report
referred to lists as occurring in the same general region the

already named Parthenium icanuin, H. B. K., a plant now known
in Mexico as "mariola," and often mistaken for guayule, though
of no value as a rubber producer. [See The Indi.\ Rubber
World, July i, 1905— page 335.]

The later and more notable scientific work, "Biologia Centrali-
Americana," embraces 4 quarto volumes on Botany edited by
William Botting Hemsley (London, 1879-1881). Parthenium
argentatum. Gray, is mentioned (Volume II, page 148) as oc-
curring in Texas and in northern Mexico from San Luis to
San Antonio. Referring to the specimen in the Kevv herbarium
it is said : "We are not certain whether this was collected within
our limits," meaning south of the Rio Grande.
* * *

A LETTER from the United States department of agriculture
(bureau of plant industry) to The India Rubber World says:
"Representatives of this department have visited the section of
Texas which was reported as having guayule, with a view to its
exploitation, but they nowhere found it in sufficient quantities to
warrant the attempt. The possibility of establishing a successful
culture of this plant seems too remote to justify experiments."

LARGE ORDERS FOR ELECTRICAL PLANT.

""PHE General Electric Co. (Schenectady, New York), through
•*■ their Brazilian agents, have secured a contract for the
electrification of the Central Railway of Brazil, in the neighbor-
hood of Rio de Janeiro, an important government enterprise.
The system embraces 700 miles of track, 303 locomotives, and
about 3,000 cars. The General Electric Co.'s contract will entitle
them to sell light and power in Rio de Janeiro and Nichtheroy.
The General Electric Co.'s agents have also been granted a con-
cession covering the supply of light and power to the cit.v of
Sao Paulo, Brazil, a city of 300,000 inhabitants and the largest
coffee market in the world.

Siemens-Schuckert Werke G. m. b. H., of Berlin, are reported
to have secured, through their branch in Mexico City, the order
for the machinery and installation of the hydro-electric works
on the lake of Chapala, near Guadalajara. It is estimated that
the total expenditure on the works will amount to about 15,000,000
marks [=$3,357,000].

It was reported to the Coventry city council [says Londo!i
Financial News, September 23] that the contract for electric light
cable had been placed with a German firm, the reasons being
that the prices obtained from English firms were time after time
almost identical, and that there seemed to be an arrangement
as to which of the home tenders was to get the Coventry con-
tract. It was further stated that the cable was the same, whether
obtained from abroad or from English makers ; yet as copper
went up enormously in price and had now fallen, manufacturers
must be getting a very large "pull." The Council confirmed the
action of the committee making the contract with the German
company.

Allgemcine Elektricitats Gesellshaft (Uie General Electric
Co. of Berlin) were reported lately to have opened at Constanti-
nople a special agency for the sale of their products.

VULCANINA.

AN Eastern contemporary, the name of which has been mislaid,
contains the following from a correspondent : "It is stated
in a Brazilian paper that a company has been organized for the
exploitation of a Brazilian invention known as 'Vulcanina,' which
is a preparation of rubber to be used for road paving and other
purposes. It is further stated that the building in which the
company will establish its offices has been acquired. In this
connection I read in an account of the new premises of John
Dewar & Son, Limited, in the Haymarket, London, that 'the floor
of the main hall is laid with rubber tiles such as are now used in
the best offices in America.' "

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

59

The India-Rubber Interest in the East.

AT one of the sessions of the International Rubber Conference
held in connection with the International Rubber and Al-
lied Trades Exhibition, at Olympia, at which Sir Henry
A. Blake, c. c. m. c, presided over a large audience, Mr. M. Kel-
way Bamber, representing the government of Ceylon, lectured
on "The Cultivation and Preforation of Rubber in the East."

The lecturer reminded all interested in the industry that the
more haste the less speed, and the cheapest and most rapidly
grown and manufactured rubber was not necessarily going to
prove the most profitable in the long run. Eastern planters and
manufacturers had to produce rubber that would stand every com-
mercial test, and they could not afford to run the risk of putting
on the markets of the world an inferior article that would not
stand tests of time and wear. Results had already shown that
plantation rubber properly prepared from latex of mature trees
was equal to the best Para, and for certain purposes superior.
But it was not invariably the case that the rubber was properly
prepared, and therefore those concerned must neglect no chance
of remedying errors, and profiting by the experience, which it
was hoped would be largely gained from the present instructive
Exhibition.

As regards soils, the rubber plant had a great power of adap-
tability, though rich alluvial soil suited it best. In Malaya, where
the soil was most alluvial, the growth of Para was very rapid
when once the land had been drained, and a height of 12 to
14 feet and girth 4^ to 5 inches after a year's growth were
common, and these dimensions were frequently exceeded. In
all cases, however, the Para evidently did best where the soil
was rich in decomposed humus (not peat) and with a fairly
high percentage of nitrogen.

In Ceylon most of the rubber was first planted on ravines on
tea estates, and the shade of the tea bushes protected the soil
from too much exposure to the sun. In Malaya in the same way
rubber was planted with Liberian coffee, and the shade given by
the latter's dense growth protected the soil from the sun.

The lecturer exhibited on tlie screen photographs of various

By M. Kfl-i'iiy Bamber.

in-cj growing on estates in the East, and cultivated with and

without catch crops, and also with various green manures, which
he thought showed convincingly that clean weeding was not
essential to procuring excellent growths of rubber. He did not,
however, advocate allowing grasses to run riot, but rather a
crop of such habit as could be kept under control. With regard
to lalang grass which caused much trouble on many estates, he
mentioned that the passion flower had been found to be effica-
cious in destroying this pest at small expense, and he ventured
to think that the passion flower would ultimately prove the salva-
tion of many estates that had not sufficient capital to warrant
large expenditure otherwise required for eradicating the lalang.
Much money had been uselessly expanded in clean weeding.

There were several indegnous plants, such as Crotabaria mimosa
and Desmodimus which could be grown in many instances in such
a dense manner that it was impossible for any weeds to grow
between them. .A.11 these plants which belonged to the Legum-
iniosa, and greatly benefited soils and rubber by their growth,
were under perfect control, and easily eradicated.

The alluvial fiats of the Federated Malay States required an
enormous amount of draining, costing large sums of money, and
even then much water remained in the subsoils. Here the
growth of a lu.xuriant green crop with a branching and deep-
root system had the further important advantage of removing by
evaporation through the leaves much of this sour subsoil water
which was unfavorable to development of the rubber tap root on
which the stability of the trees during the heavy winds largely
depended. It has been clearly proved that the baking of the sur-
face by the sun did not dry soil or subsoil so completely
as did a growing leaf crop. But apart from these considerations
there were other and more important ones of the question
of humus, and the hygroscopic power of the soil by which the
future flow of the latex would be influenced to a large extent.
The growth of green crops in place of clean weeding has also
long been advocated by Mr. Carruthers, the director of agri-
culture in the Federated Malay States, and it seemed that clean

Spiral Tapping of "Hevea."

"Ceara" Rubber Tree and Method of Tapping, Ceylon.

60

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

"Hevea" Rubber in Grass.

'IIevea" With ("ikass and Sensitive Plants,

>,
^

m^

f

I

i

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^B^'

■ •,.

1

k. "■ "9.

■)

.j\

"Crotataria" in Rubber.

MIkvica" KuiiiiFK IN Sui:ar Cane.

I III lliL- I'niviiu-e I'f Wellcsley.l

Rubber and Cassava in The Malay States.

Largest Girthed Rubber Tree in Cultivation.

I In the Botanical Garden at Singapore.]

SOME ILLUSTRATIONS ACCOMPANYING MR. BAMBER'S PAPER.

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

61

weeding would soon be abandoned on many estates and become
a thing of the past.

The lecturer alluded to the advantages often to be obtained by
the cultivation of catch crops where the soil and other conditions
were favorable. Mr. Bamber dealt very fully with the question
of tapping, and after describing the methods in general use
he referred to the basal V system as the cheapest and probably
the best, both for economy of bark and for strength of latex.
He especially emphasized the bearing which this method of tap-
ping would have upon the labor question, but pointed out that
the successful adoption of this would depend to some extent
on soil conditions. He deprecated the tapping of trees too young,
giving five or six years as a minimum age, and he insisted on
the need of the greatest care both in field and factory to get
pure latex and free from any mechanical mixture, and also on
the necessity of economy of bark in tapping operations. A fall-
ing off of the percentage of caoutchouc to below the payable min-
imum indicated the need for resting the tree, and this was a point
to which planters should give more attention. He compared
Brazilian and Eastern methods of tapping to give a possible ex-
planation of why Brazilian rubber had greater tensile strength,
which he ascribed to the greater maturity of the globules in the
latex. With regard to renewal of bark, he pointed out that the
bark had now been renewed two or three times, the yield from
which was as great or even greater than from the original, thus
showing the permanency of rubber production might, from this
point of view, be reasonably assumed.

Reference made to the practice of Brazilian tappers who invari-
ably make one or two gashes in the trees about 3 feet above
the tapping area before they commence to tap, as they believe
without these they could not obtain maximum crop. The idea
underlying the practice was one which he thought might be com-
mended to consideration of planters in the East. Proceeding next
to deal with methods of manufacture, Mr. Bamber urged the need
for obtaining uniformity in color and appearance. Pale rubber
produced by the destruction of oxydase by heat was generally
approved by manufacturers, and many German and other firms
had declared that the demand for it would be practically un-
limited if ample supplies could be relied upon to reach the market.
The lecturer specially referred to the necessity of using only the
purest water in the factories. Importance of not too rapidly dry-
ing rubber was borne out by the lecturer, whose views on this
subject were more or less confirmed in subsequent discussion.
Net results, he said, had been obtained from the quickly dried
product which were far from satisfactory, and he expressed the
belief that although it was impossible to say definitely what was
the best method of drying, there was reason to believe that too
rapid and complete drj'ing would be found a serious mistake,
and that they might be sacrificing some strength, elasticity and
lasting power by the process.

Mr. Bamber mentioned also that Continental buyers seemed
strongly in favor of rubber being exported in block from i
inch to i^ inches thick and about a foot square.

RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE.

Note. — In connection with the preceding it may be of interest to read
the correspondence in The India Rubber Wobld, October i, 1908 (page
44). — The Editor.

The imperial German post office reports 135 wireless tele-
graph stations in that country. In Switzerland the authorities
have spent $32,500 within a year in wireless telegraphy experi-
ments, with what they regard as satisfactory results.

The amount of rubber harvested by the Vallambrosa Rubber
Co., Limited, for the six months ending September 30, 1908,
was 114,304 pounds, against 103,908 pounds for the six months
ending September 30, 1907, and 55,376 pounds for the same
period in 1906. The Federated (Selangor) Rubber Co., Limited,
harvested 15,785 pounds of rubber for the four months ended
July 31, 1908, against 5,658 pounds for the same period last year.

""PHE New York-Hamburg India-Rubber Co., Limited, was
*■ registered in London July 15; capital ^7,500 [=$36,498.75] ;
to carry on the business of manufacturers and dealers in india-
rubber and gutta-percha goods. This company will take care
of the business in Great Britain of the New York-Hamburger
Gummiwaaren-Compagnie, Actiengcsellschaft, of Hamburg, es-
tablished in 1871, and now capitalized at 2,001,000 marks [^
$476,238]. One of the directors of the Hamburg company — Fr.
A. Dohner — is a director in the new London company. The
Hamburg plant manufactures a full line of hard rubber goods —
especially combs and electrical appliances. It was an outgrowth
of the India-Rubber Comb Co., of College Point, New York.
Conrad Poppenhusen, the founder of the College Point enter-
prise, after returning to Germany, his native country, where he
ended his life, was actively interested in the New York-Ham-
burg company.

GERMANY.

The initial issue of Die Gummi-Industrie, which comes to
us from Bramsche, near Osnabriick (to the west of Hanover),
is an exceptionally good first number for a paper in any trade.
It contains a good report of the London Rubber Exhibition,
some technical articles of value, and comprehensive and world
news and commercial departments. It comes from the publishing
house of Wilhelm Braucr.

GEEAT BRITAIN.

The London manager of the Home Rubber Co. (Trenton,
New Jersey), is mentioned in The India-Rubber Journal as hav-
ing disposed of no less than 43 tons of "N. B. O." packing within
the past 14 months.

Mr. A. Stanley Morrison, one of the directors of the Leyland
and Birmingham Rubber Co., Limited, was lately about to start
on a visit to British North Borneo, where he and several of his
friends have considerable investments in rubber planting.

RUBBER SUPPLIES AND PROSPECTS.

[from "the times of CEYLON," AUGUST 29.]

"T^HE Brazilian rubber year ends with the 30th of June, and
■'• the latest New York Indi.\ Rubber World [August i, 1908
— page 356] contains a review and estimate of the future which
will be closely read by many people in Ceylon. It is further
testimony to the fact that Herea is the rubber to be reckoned
with both from the superiority of the product and the permanency
of the tree. As to the issue of the struggle between wild and
plantation rubber, we take it that the American paper's view
is the same as our own, viz., with the necessary fall in prices
when large quantities of plantation rubber are produced some
of the forests will have to be omitted, where the cost of col-
lection is above the average, until prices rise again. This wilt
prevent estates in the East being knocked out by over-production,
but will subject them to market fluctuation in which, in rubber
as in tea, there will be good, indifferent, and poor profit periods.

Fossilized Rubber Trees. — A correspondent of The Indi.\
Rubber World sends in a suggestion of the possibility of rubber
forests having flourished formerly in what is now North America,
though without claiming for it any specific scientific warrant. He
writes : "Scientists say that, centuries ago, the northern parts
of the United States and Canada were the tropical centers of
the Western Hemisphere, and if so, vegetation that now thrives
in that zone must have grown luxuriantly in our north country.
If this is so, the question arises : What became of the rubber
trees that must have existed there?" Our correspondent offers a
tentative suggestion by way of pointing out the similarity of
the chemical analysis of some of the hydrocarbons now being
found in North .-Xmcrica, with the product of the Hevea and
Castilloa rubber trees.

62

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

Some Synthetic Rubbers I Have Met.

i?.V Hciiry C. Pearson*

A GREAT many years ago the whole scientific world, wliicli
was neither very large nor very scientific, spent a whole
lot of time searching for the philosopher's stone, which,
if I remember rightly, if properly approached, would turn most
anything into gold. We laugh at such childish folly to-day,
and spend our time hunting for a philosopher's stone whicli
shall turn everything into rubber. The transmutation of col-
loids is the dream of the chemist as well as the experimenter.
The only trouble is they don't transmute.

If he was correctly quoted, Professor Wyndham Dunstan, in Sep-
tember, 1906. went on record before tlie British Association that
synthetic rubber would be an accomplished fact within the year.
Exactly where it would break out he did not indicate, nor whether
it would be characterized by mild or virulent symptoms.

I should like to say personally that my acquaintance with
synthetic rubber of certain sorts dates back to many years. It
goes without saying that when a man really discovers synthetic
rubber, he is more or less secretive about the materials of which
the artificial gum is made; indeed that
constantly growing class of discoverers,
whom newspapers introduce to us from
time to time, are the most secretive men
I have ever met.

It was nearly 25 years ago that I was
first brought into intimate contact with
a gentleman who was apparently an hon-
est, blunt, hard-working experimenter,
who, in a private room behind locked doors,
showed me a small sample of what ap-
peared to be dry, fine Para rubber. It
gave out a faint odor of wintergreen.
which he explained was added to it to de-
stroy an odor that might lead some imitator
to a knowledge of ingredients used in
its manufacture. He assured me earnest-
ly, calling up the Creator of real rubber
to be his witness, that it was wholly an
artificial product and contained no atom
of caoutchouc; further than that, in a
burst of confidence he agreed to let me
see some of the materials of which the

product was made. With much secrecy we crossed the city.
let ourselves into the basement of his house, which was part
workshop and laboratory, where I was shown a gum which
I partially identified as Kauri, and a grease which looked like
cocoa butter. There was a faint smell of bisulphide of carbon in
the air, and he acknowledged that he used this solvent at a
certain stage of the process, and upon heating it and the ad-
•dition of a secret material, rubber appeared floating upon the
liquid.

While we were thus talking an eminent and somewhat grasping
■capitalist appeared, claimed he was there by appointment, which
I did not believe then, but do now, and at once went into execu-
tive session with the inventor, leaving me on the outside. It
was a bitter blow to thus have millions torn so rudely from my
grasp, particularly as I had mentally already squandered several
hundred thousand pounds. However, I was out and had to make
the best of it. As for the gentleman who was in, just to com-
plete the story, it might be well to add that he erected a
spacious factory in which were strange machinery, secret rooms,

•Read before the International Rubber Conference at Olympia, London.
The lecturer exhibited about 50 samples of alleged synthetic rubbers, sub-
stitutes, and rubber assistants, which the audience examined with much
apparent interest.

Henry

glass floors, and other unusual and expensive paraphernalia,
and for a number of years paid, while the inventor toiled, un-
til one day the building was closed and has remained so up
to the present time.

From that day to this neither the capitalist nor the inventor
could be induced to say a word about their experiments or why
they failed. I fancy the reason the capitalist would not talk is
because he lost a great deal of money through the venture; and
the only reason the inventor doesn't talk is because he is dead.
[Iii*^the bottle marked A is a sample of this type of synthetic
rubber.]

One of the Presidents of the United States had a relative
who had a little money and was anxious to make more. He
therefore intrusted some £8,000 of it into the hands of an ap-
parently cultured gentlemanly, persuasive cheinist, who had
brought to him some 20 pounds of what appeared to be a high
grade rubber, which the chemist, by the use of many technical
terms wholly incomprehensible to the ordinary business man_
assured him was an entirely synthetic
production. The £8,000 went for the
equipment of a little factory near New
York city, the erection of a secret room,
from which daylight was excluded and
only a certain shade or red light was al-
lowed to illumine, and incidentally some
very excellent champagne suppers at New
York's most e.xpensive hostelries. It
was just as the initial investment was
about exhausted the matter was brought
to my attention, and in this way.

With great secrecy a 10, 20 or 50 mil-
lion dollar company was projected and all
the machinery for selling much stock
was quietly set in motion. One of the
wealthy men approached had a lawyer
who knew something about rubber and
was very much of an investigator. He
came to me first to size up the prob-
abilities and to outline a method of in-
vestigation. The first move was to in-
sist that the rubber be made in his pres-
ence. This was agreed to, but the inventor stipulated that no
chemist be present. The lawyer was then given a list of in-
gredients which he was to purchase and carry to the factory.
These amounted to about 20 pounds in weight. The inventor
was to add one pound of secret material or coiuposition neces-
sary to complete the process and to protect the formula.

A day was then set for the test. When that day arrived the
chemist was sick. Another day was set; the pound of material
necessary for the experiment had gone astray. Another day was
set; the chemist's grandmother had died and he had to attend
the funeral. Finally the test was begun, the materials, con-
sisting in part of cellulose, water and caustic soda, were set boil-
ing and kept at it all day long. During this time the lawyer
waited for the change in the cotton fiber to appear, when at a
certain critical moment the composition must be added, or else
no rubber would result

About supper time the inventor stated that the material could
not be ready till about 11 o'clock that night, and suggested that
the lawyer go out and get something to eat. The lawyer at
first refused, but finally went, and although he was gone only
3S minutes, the critical moment came during his absence and
rubber appeared.

Pearson.

November i, 190S.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

63

The lawyer was very wrathful on his return, investigated the
(lark room where the final change took plnce, discovered a hidden
panel leading to another room, and enough evidence of fraud
to lead him to advise his client against risking a dollar in the
venture, and the business went no further. The inventor, by the
way, dropped rubber and took up synthetic camphor, and was
supported by a leading firm of chemists for a couple of years,
until they brought the matter before the law courts, and he is
now supported by the United States government, not in luxury,
however, and his habitat is very much localized. I don't know
how true it is, but it is rumored that he will be released next
year and plans to come to England and manufacture synthetic
shillings. [The jar B is this type of synthetic rubber..]

There is at the present time in the United States a factory m
a prosperous town, with a high fence around it, with guards
in evidence night and day, where a little old man is at work
trying to do on a commercial scale what he alleges to have
done in the laboratory, and that is to produce synthetic rubber
from certain oils. He has been at it some three years, ana
is backed by very heavy capitalists. Further than this, a very
distinguished American chemist and physicist who is miles above
any suspicion of either collusion or lack of knowledge, has
possession of the formula, and under the inventor's guidance
made the gum himself and says over his own signature that the
product is real synthetic rubber. He said this some three years ago,
and his verdict resulted in the erection of a factory and the
attempt to get out a commercial product. Without cataloguing
the many delays that have followed the erection of the factory,
due to the lack of purity of material, the impossibility of getting
certain machinery, unfortunate breakdowns, etc., I want to say
that if this is real synthetic rubber the inventor has gone far
beyond anything that synthesis has heretofore been able to ac-
complish ; for he has reproduced absolutely up river fine Park
not only in texture, color, compounding capacity and vulcaniz-
ing ability, but he has successfully imitated the peculiar smoky
smell individual in that type of rubber.

It is to be hoped that when he manufactures all grades of
crude rubber commercially, among them synthetic Africans, he
may be induced to leave out the synthetic African smell. [In
the jar marked C is the synthetic Para of the smoky smell.]

I hope you don't think that the Yankees are the only ones who
indulge in synthetic pipe dreams. In an English paper of September
4 I read that synthetic rubber is now being made at Burton-on-
Trent, and is called Burton rubber. I have not seen it, nor do I
know the chemist, who may be the most honest and capable man
on the face of the earth. But if he can make synthetic rubber
commercially, why does he seek newspaper publicity instead of
making and selling his valuable product. If he found nuggets
of gold in his back yard, would he write The Times pages of
argument to prove they were really gold, or would he quietly dig
them up and put them into circulation? Just what base he
works from it is difficult to tell, but from his published formula,
the compound would seem to be equal parts of Old Burton ale
and ofTensive smell.

In the bottle marked B is what was given me as a sample
of partially synthetic rubber made along lines which appeared
to be new. As you all know, the latex of a young CastUloa
tree contains a great deal more resin than the latex of an old
tree, the gum in the young tree containing about 40 per cent.,
while that in a mature tree about 7 per cent.

The theory of the producer of this semi-synthetic rubber, was
that the tree m maturing turned its own resins into rubber ;
that by the proper treatment of this resinous latex, the in-
ventor could do just what nature did. I could not see at the
time that he did it, and certainly the sample on exhibition does
not prove his claim. When I first put it in the bottle it was
very resilient but contained 40 per cent, of resin.

Of course you are all aware of Professor Tilden's experiments
in Birmingham, where he succeeded in producing minute particles

of india-rubber from tcrpenes. These results are of high scien-
tific value, but it's a question if that knowledge will ever be of
the slightest commercial value, because it is going to be easier
and cheaper to produce rubber latex, bearing a large percentage
of india-rubber, than to produce vegetable oils containing very
minute quantities of india-rubber.

It is impossible to consider a subject like this without coming
in touch with a great variety of substitutes for rubber that have
been and still are in use to a certain degree in rubber manu-
facture. The rubber manufacturers know, of course, that none of
these are in any way real substitutes for the crude gum. They
can be used in connection with india-rubber and oftentimes add
certain qualities to the compound that are of value, but there are
very few places where they can be used alone in place of rubber.
The most widely known of these are the oil substitutes which are
so common that they need no explanation as regards their manu-
facture or use. There are also certain of the natural hydro-
carbons such as mineral rubber, which are of definite use in add-
ing certain quantities to many lines of rubber compounding.

There is just one word of caution that the honest producer of
a rubber assistant should have or else he will deceive himself,
and for a time deceive others. Suppose he is able to produce
a fairly tough substitute that mixes well with rubber and is in no
way harmful — indeed under test the vulcanized product con-
taining his assistant is stronger than the same vulcanized prod-
uct without it. He at once believes that he has a wonderful
product, and perhaps he has, but he hasn't proved his case by
such a test. In fairness to himself and the manufacturer, he
should test not against a compound of pure gum and sulphur,
but against compounds that contain earthy matter or metallic
oxides that we all know add toughness to rubber compounds, and
if his is better or cheaper it is of value, otherwise not.

It has occurred to me that in bringing some of my samples of
rubber assistants here and calling jour attention to them, it
might stimulate an interchange of ideas, both on the subject of
synthetic rubber and rubber substitutes, which will be much more
valuable than a prolongation of this paper of mine. Frankly
it's a subject I don't know much about, and even when I am
in a room full of rubber experts, I don't feel a bit isolated by my
ignorance.

Every industry has its trials, and every manufacturer could
easily state his ideas of perfect bliss in the absence of such trials.
I fancy the rubber man's Utopia would be — cold water vulcani-
zation, no trade discounts, and the ability to produce synthetic
rubber from sea water and air.

MANCHESTER AND BOSTON.

""THE fact that Manchester is a larger consumer of rubber
■^ than any other town in Great Britain led to a recent sugges-
tion that it was strange that Manchester had no spot market
for rubber. The Manchester Guardian points out that in mak-
ing this suggestion the important fact has been overlooked
that near-by Liverpool is much better provided than Man-
chester with steamship services from the various rubber pro-
ducing countries, and is therefore the most convenient entrepot
for all the diflferent varieties.

The British situation here outlined is reflected in the United
States, where Boston, the center of such an important section
of the rubber industry, and the first American port to receive
any crude rubber, is credited with only 1Y2 per cent, of the
total imports of this material for the fiscal year 1906-07. There
are other ports — notably Naw York — where better facilities
now exist for transacting an important business in rubber.

The American Hard Rubber Co. have taken over the tiling
business carried on hitherto by The Gutta Percha nid I' -bber
Manufacturing Co., and will manufacture goods in this i. le at
their factory in College Point, New York.

64

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

The Late Theodore S. Bassett.

THE news will be heard with widespread regret of the death
of Theodore Sheldon Bassett, which occurred on October
7, at his summer residence, at Fort Trumbull Beach, Mil-
ford, Connecticut, after a brief illness, in his sixty-ninth year.
At the commencement of his last indisposition his friends looked
for his early recovery, on account of the known excellence of his
general health. The end came suddenly and quietly.

The subject of this sketch was the son of Sheldon Bassett.
long identified with the industrial development of the Naugatuck
valley in Connecticut, and who married Harriet Hull, a niece
of the tw-o brothers, Commodore Isaac Hull and General William
Hull, who rendered such distinctive service during the War of
1812. Sheldon Bassett, shortly after the establishment of what
is now the Birmingham Iron Foundry, at Derby, in 1836 became
a member of the firm operating it. Upon the incorporation of
the present stock company, in 1850, Mr. Bassett was elected
president, which position he held until
his death, fifteen years later.

Theodore S. Bassett at an early age
evinced an aptitude for business. As
early as his sixteenth year he was
employed in a manufacturing estab-
lishment in New York city conducted
by an uncle. He was interested in the
Robert N. Bassett Co., one of the
oldest factories in Derby, making cor-
set steels and the like. During the
period of construction of the Union
Pacific Railway Mr. Bassett established
a rolling mill at Laramie, Wyoming,
for the manufacture of a large quan-
tity of the rails required, and he was
present when the last spike was driven
and travel was opened on that road.
Thirty years ago Mr. Bassett became
interested in the Birmingham Iron
Foundry — the business with which his
father had so long been connected —
and at the time of his death filled the
office of vice-president of the corpora-
tion.

It was partially owing to the fact
that the Birmingham concern engaged
largely in the manufacture of equip-
ment for rivbber factories that Mr. Bassett began, a number of
years ago, to take a deep interest in the rubber industry. In
1889 he assisted in the establishment of a rubber reclaiming
plant at Shelton (Derby), Connecticut, which business, con-
ducted as a copartnership, in 1895 took the name U. S. Rubber
Reclaiming Works. In June, 1900, the business was incorporated
under this name under the laws of New Jersey; at the same
time the reclaiming business of the Loewenthal Rubber Co. be-
came associated with it. Mr. Bassett was elected president of
the corporation, which position he held until the time of his
death. The positions of vice-president and treasurer have been
held during the same period by R. A. Loewenthal and Max
Loewenthal, respectively, while lately a son of Mr. Bassett has
been secretary. Meanwhile the company, now operating at Buf-
falo, New York, has grown to be the largest in its field.

In addition to the businesses named, Mr. Bassett was in-
terested, as a shareholder or otherwise, in various other in-
dustrial enterprises. For many years he was a resident of
Birmingham, serving for some years as treasurer of that city.
He was also at one time postmaster there, under appointment

Knight Templar. Mr. Bassett was a member of the New Eng-
land Rubber Club, and took a lively interest in its entertainments.

Mr. Bassett possessed a very great number of friends — friends
who were steadfast and strongly attached to him. While gentle
and kindly in disposition, he was firm in the maintenance of his
standards of character and in his devotion to others. Through-
out life his quiet, unostentatious benefactions lightened many
burdens, without the knowledge of any except those who were
aided. Mr. Bassett married Miss Caroline Wells, daughter of
Harmon K. Wells, a New York merchant, who passed away
on January 27, 1907, after forty-five years of devoted com-
panionship. There were two sons — Theodore W., who survives
his father, and Harmon S., who died in May, 1900.

Funeral services were held at the Second Congregational
Church, at Derby, on the afternoon of October 10, and the in-
terment was in the family plot in the cemetery at Derby.

I'uKdiioKE Shf.i.I'On 1;.\.ssi:tt

OBITUARY NOTES.

The late Valentine B. Lang, vice-
president of The Hartford Rubber
Works Co., whose death was re-
ported in The India Rubber World
last month (page 46), at the age of
25 entered the employ of the West
Shore Railroad as a machine shop
foreman, under the late Charles H.
Dale, whose connection with that road
was mentioned in the sketch of the
life of the latter which appeared re-
cently in these pages. Mr. Lang con-
tinued successfully in the railroad
field until Mr. Dale had become pres-
ident of the Rubber Goods Manu-
facturing Co., and was looking for
some one to superintend the erection
of the new factory of the Morgan &
Wright rubber company at Detroit.
Mr. Lang was sent for at that time,
after which he remained connected
with the rubber interest.

S. N. Aldrich. president of the

State National Bank of Boston, who

died on September 27, was a brother

of Edward I. Aldrich, selling agent

for the Hood Rubber Co., and long a member of the Boston

School Board.

The death is reported, in De Indische Meraiur, of Samuel R.
Stokvis, chairman of the board of R. S. Stokvis & Zonen,
Limited, of Rotterdam. [See The India Rubber World, Au-
gust I, 1908— page 378.]

F. A. C. PERRINE.

Frederic A. C. Peerine, ph.d., a well known authority on
electrical science, died at his home in Plainfield, New Jersey,
on Ottober 20, of Bright's disease, at the age of 46. He was
born at Freehold, N. J., and was graduated from Princeton Uni-
versity. He devoted some years to practical engineering, first
as superintendent of the insulated wire departtnent of the John
A. Roebling's Sons Co., and later as consulting electrician of
the Crescent Insulated Wire and Cable Co. (Trenton, N. J.).
Dr. Perrine later became professor in electrical science at the
Leland Stanford, Jr., University, in California, and afterward
president of the Stanley Electric Co. (Pittsfield, Massachusetts).
Latterly he was engaged as consulting engineer. He was an
active member of the American Institute of Electrical Engi-

by President Cleveland. He was a Scottish Rite Mason and a neers, and the author of a number of works on electricity.

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

65

The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain.

By Our Regular Correspondent.

THE EXHIBITION
AT OLTMPIA.

NOW that the curtain has fallen on the Rubber Congress, as
it may be called, no doubt the trade organs in English,
French and German will have something to say on many
of its aspects over and above the exhibits proper. Personally,
I have no grievance to ventilate, though I have no doubt that
the India-Rubber Journal, in its spirited
protest against the exclusion of its re-
porter from the conference room, is only
voicing the feelings of many of its readers. On a future oc-
casion no doubt some ofHcial will be appointed to draw up a
program of titles, dates, and hours in advance, so that men who
cannot be in attendance all day for a fortnight can make arrange-
ments to attend any lectures in which they are particularly in-
terested. An interesting and useful feature of the Exhibition
was the opportunity afforded the scientific workers, both chemical
and botanical, from different countries, to become acquainted
with one another. As regards the lectures, however, the lan-
guage difficulty cropped up. It is one thing to address a few
words of salutation to a foreigner, and another to follow a
learned discourse in a foreign tongue clearly enough to be able to
criticize it. Until the lecturer had got to work the audience
never knew what tongue he was going to speak in, and it is
hardly surprising that audiences which in many cases were not
large at the commencement of the lecture, became still more at-
tenuated during its delivery. It cannot be said that the rubber
manufacturing industry of Great Britain did much by their e.x-
hibits or their presence to promote the success of the Exhibition,
but it must be remembered that the trade as a whole is strongly
conservative, and in the conduct- of its affairs has always pre-
ferred the wooden shutter to the glass windows. Over and
above the question of expense involved no doubt a feeling ex-
isted that there was a danger of giving away more than would
be got in return, seeing that so many experts were coming from
abroad. Personally, if I had an exhibit of goods, whether manu-
factured rubber, or to be used in the rubber manufacture, I
should show some reserve in explaining their details and merits
to perfect strangers. Exhibitors may, of course, claim that they
know their own business and do not want outside advice, but
were I an exhibitor of proprietary articles I think I should ask
for my interlocutor's visiting card before describing to him in
flowery language the particular merits and applications of my
goods.

Turning now to raw rubber, with which the Exhibition was pri-
marily concerned, one or two novelties call for attention. At the
stand of David Bridge & Co., the rubber machinists, was the
patent coagulating machine of Da Costa, by the use of which
it is claimed that rubber equal in every respect to fine Para
can be produced from Castilloa latex. By a pictorial representa-
tion of the old smoking process for Para in the forest, and of
the new process in which fumigation is also employed, it is
sought to convey the impression thit the old has been super-
seded by the new. I didn't know how far this assumption is
founded on fact, but so far I have been unable to get any
corroborative evidence from our manufacturers of the claims
made for Castilloa rubber coagulated by the new process. Of
course the rubber may not have come under their close notice
yet, and they may yet recall the expressed opinion that they do
not believe in it. There was also a Ceara rubber on view, pre-
pared by a new process, which made it equal to Para ; in this
case, as well, some corroborative evidence from the factory seems
desirable. I was told that it fetched a penny per pound more
than fine Para for such purposes as ground sheets, where its
greater adhesiveness and greater capacity of taking up mineral

GOLOSHES AND
FLINT ROADS.

had proved points in its favor. At the Netherlands stall I noticed
a quantity of gutta-percha, the analysis of which was given as
follows : Resin, 18.2 ; gutta, 76.2 ; water and dirt, 5.6. This
was obtained by tapping trees in Java, presumably from planta-
tions, and it is of importance in showing that not only can gutta
trees be cultivated, but that the product can be obtained of excel-
lent quality without the wasteful procedure of felling the tree.

It was with much regret that I noticed in the papers the death

of Mr. John Pollitt, at Warsaw, from cholera, contracted at St.

Petersburg. Mr. Pollitt was senior rep-

OBITTIAET. rcsentative of the Irwell and Eastern

Rubber Manufacturing Co., Limited, of

Salford, Manchester, with which firm he had been associated for

about 20 years, and his presence in St. Petersburg was due

to a business tour he had undertaken in Russia.

In the various districts in the south of England, including
London suburbs, where broken flints are largely used as road-
mending material, complaints are rife
as to the damage done to goloshes. I
was shown the other day a pair of quite
new rubbers bearing the inscription "Boston Rubber Shoe Co.,"
which had been cut on the sole as to let in water freely, and it
was suggested that I should write something on the subject.
The destruction caused by broken flints is by no means confined
to goloshes, as wearers of leather boots will testify, but na-
turally the results are more disastrous in the case of rubber.
Seeing that goloshes are being increasingly used' in England,
especially by ladies who are not particular to a penny or two
about the price, I would suggest to those primarily concerned
that a brand with a harder sole should be put on the market,
as being especially adapted for use on flinty roads. The flints,
it should be mentioned, are put on the footway as well as on the
road, and in an important London suburb it is a common thing
to see pedestrians using the road instead of the sidewalk. I be-
lieve that a golosh with a heel shod with vulcanite has been pro-
posed by C. M. Berry of the United States, and the idea might
possibly be extended to the sole.

The Jubilee Exhibition of the Chamber of Commerce at Prague,
the capital of Bohemia, must be pronounced a very good one,
and it is somewhat surprising that the
manufacturing exhibits have not received
more notice in the foreign press. The
racial conflict between the Slavs and the Germans may have had
something to do with this, to judge by what I gleaned in con-
versation with German merchants. For those who do not under-
stand Bohemian CCzechish) it is somewhat disconcerting to
find the universality of this language in Prague, and the Exhibi-
tion formed no exception, very few of the exhibits being described
in German as well as Czech. With regard to the rubber trade
I have hardly anything to notice, the few manufacturers, as far
as I could discover, not having any special exhibits. I looked
in vain for the Prager Gummi-Werk of Vysocan, and the most
complete show of rubber goods which met my eye was that of
J. Maendl, the agent in Prague for the United Berlin-Frank-
fort India-Rubber Co. In the September issue of The India
Rubber Woklo the mysteries of the Russian language in respect
to the designation of rubber works are explained; so I am em-
boldened to give an example from the Czech language which
has this advantage over Russian that Latin and not Cyrillic char-
acters are used. An exhibit in one of the stands was marked
"Pryzove a Asbestove Rukavice" (Gummi and Asbestos Hand-
schuh), or, in English, rubber and asbestos gloves. Vulcanized

NOTES FEOM
BOHEMIA.

66

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

fiber was prominent in the large exhibit of Franz Lukeschi, of
Prague, and balata belting caught the eye in more than one direc-
tion. To leave Prague and glance at one or two other places
visited, I may say that in the metal mining districts the applica-
tions of rubber in the form of conveying belts, vanner belts,
etc., were noticeably absent. Despite the continuous wet weather
at Marienbad, very few mackintoshes were to be seen, though
goloshes were oflfered for sale in several establishments. An at-
tempt to examine the tires on the fine motor car belonging to
King Edward proved abortive, owing to the activity of the local
police. .\t Carlsbad plenty of mackintoshes were to be seen,
but these formed part of the regulation costume of the girl
attendants at the Spendel and other springs, the water of which
rises with considerable force and at a temperature not much be-
low the boiling point. As any attempt at a closer examination
might have been misunderstood and resented, I can only say that
they resembled the ordinary white coachman's mackintosh with
cape.

In the course of my wanderings I fell in with Herr Albert
Schafor, Austrian representative of the firm of B. Polack of
Waltershausen (Thuringen), as well known in the motor tire
world, in England as well as on the Continent. The fact that
for more than a week I did not see a motor car and altogether
very few, shows that I was mostly off the recognized routes, and
it must have been merely coincidence that I specially noticed tires
bearing lettering "Goodrich, Akron."

Judging from the annual meeting held in September, this com-
pany is still a long way from realizing the success predicted in the
THE LIBERIAN prospectus. Sir Raymond West, K.C.i.E.,

RUBBEK who presided at the meeting, told

CORPOBATION, his hearers that the main thing necessary

in this case was a return to normal rubber prices. I am rather
curious to know what is considered the normal prices for any
brand of rubber, and very much doubt if the term can be used
in connection with a raw material which fluctuates in price ac-
cording to supply and demand. No doubt producers look back
with envy to the higher prices which have obtained, but there
is no reason to doubt them normal any more than abnormal.
In my notice of this Exhibition a few months ago, I mentioned
that Reddaway's pavilion was only in process of erection. Re-
THE FRANCO- cently I had an opportunity of visiting

BRITISH it and, speaking only of its contents, I

EXHIBITION. was particularly struck with the dis-

play of rubber goods intended specially for mining. As regards
conveyor belts, the firm can testify to the wearing capacity of
rubber both for coal and metallic ore belts of their make, hav-
ing been in use for many years at prominent mines. A model
conveyor plant formed an interesting part of the exhibit, and was
certainly of greater novelty than the coils of belting with the
manufacture of which the firm of Reddaway & Co. have been so
long associated. I was also shown the wide belts used on Frue
vanncrs, though I was previously under the impression that such
belts were only made in Great Britain, north of the Tweed.
Most of those v^'hich have come under my notice in England
were of American origin, but judging from what was told me
of the wearing capacity of the Manchester made belt, England
should be able to supply her own needs in this respect with ad-
vantage.

One other pavilion not open on my previous visit was that of
the West African crown colonies. About the samples of raw
rubber shown there is nothing that calls for special mention,
but I noticed in the statistics given for Southern Nigeria, that
the value of the rubber exports had fallen from £307,077 in 1906,
to iiS3,gi4 in 1907. For the Gold Coast the figure was practi-
cally the same for each year. Now with regard to Nigerian rub-
ber, it has been noticeable for some time at Liverpool that the
quality has deteriorated, and the stickj' blocks which have been
offered have changed hands with some difficulty at prices which

can hardly be considered satisfactory by the sellers. Presuming
that the rubber is available in sufficient quantity, as also the col-
lectors, it seems that some energetic action is required to preserve
the Nigerian rubber industry from decay. There may, of course,
be reasons for the decline mentioned which may have already
ceased to be effective, but this does not affect the statement as
to the deterioration in quality and the consequent decreased de-
mand. If the increased use of plantation rubber was the cause ot
the lessened demand one would expect to see the Gold Coast ex-
ports affected also, though I do not pretend to speak with au-
thority on a point of such intricacy.

INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE.

EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES.

OFFICIAL Statements of values of exports of manufactures
of india-rubber and gutta-percha for the month of August,
1908, and for the first eight months of five calendar years :

Belting, Boots All

Packing, and Other

Months. and Hose. Shoes. Rubber. Total.

August. 1908 $99,258 $270,751 $251,229 $621,238

January to .July 7I4,I2S 656.333 2,120,145 3490.603

Total $813,383 $927,084 $2,371,374 $4,111,841

Total, 1907 ... 920,715 908,440 2,702,777 4,531,932

Total, 1906 800,245 788,966 2,094,098 3,683,309

Total, 190S 755.988 767,775 1,918,481 3,442,244

Total, 1904 570,972 651,392 1,600,574 2,822,938

IMPORTS INTO MEXICO.

Owing to the system of classification in vogue in the Mex-
ican customs service it is not easy to determine the amount
of rubber goods imported. LInder two headings, however, the
details are definitely stated, and below are given the figures for
the fiscal year ending June 30, 1907, and the corresponding totals
for 1896-97 — ten years previously (values in Mexican silver) :

Belting. Hose

United States $257,252.88 United States $217,158.70

Great Britain 83,028.38 Germany 25,662.05

Germany 28.369.64 Great Britain n, 133-83

France 14,616.60 France 587,00

Belgium i,7<io.oo Austria-Hungary . . 104.00

Switzerland 44-00

Total $385,007.50 —

Total, 1896-97. . . . 186,292 00 Total $254,689.58

Total, 1896-97 174,452.00

From the extent of mining operations in Mexico it is evident
that the importations of rubber packing are important. The im-
ports of rubber footwear are not important. Elastic webbing
and tissues, however, are taken in large quantities ; and tires
and dental dam also are embraced in the imports.

"RUBBER HEELS BAD FOR THIEVES.'

UNDER conviction for the larceny of rubber heels, valued at
$150, from the Plymouth Rubber Co. (Stoughton, Massa-
chusetts), James Chase, aged 68, was sentenced for one year
to the Dedham house of correction. It was not charged that
Chase had been a thief before, and burglary was not alleged, so
that he does not appear to belong to the same class with the
unfortunates whose experience with rubber heels was recorded
in The Indi.\ Rubber World, October i, 1908 (page 28). The
late news has the same bearing, however, in indicating that
rubber heels seem not to be desirable articles for thieves to
deal with.

Somebody sends to this office the suggestion that some "rub-
ber heels" would be "bad for thieves" from a point of view not
yet mentioned. That is to say, if thieves were to break into
some stores and carry away the so-called rubber heels carried
in stock, the quality would be found to be such as to afford
them little reward for their trouble.

November i, igo8.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

67

THE RUBBER TRADE AT AKRON.

BY A RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT.

C ALES departments of local rubber companies report excellent
*^ business during the last month. All say that September
sales were unusually satisfactory and that there is prospect for
unprecedented trade during 1909. Secretary Carkhuff, of the
Firestone company, in speaking of the trend of business, said:
"I hesitate to say this, because it sounds so much like the con-
ventional optimistic statement that has been expressed by busi-
ness men recentlj', but it is a fact that our business, especially
in carriage tires, as well as in the pneumatic line, has been pick-
ing up decidedly in comparison to last year, and there are indica-
tions for a larger business in 1909."

* * *

Local rubber manufacturers generally note a decided increase
in the demand for mechanical rubber goods. Said an official of
The B. F. Goodrich Co. : "The mechanical line has been picking
up during the last six weeks. Previous to that period it had
been slow since the business depression set in. Business in the
tire line recovered quickly and now large orders for such goods
as hose, belting, packing and molded goods are coming in so
rapidly that a night force has been started in several departments
to increase the rapidity of the output. Dealers are coming to
the point where they positively need the goods, or else confidence
has been so much restored that they think they can afford to buy
and buy heavily."

* * *

The B. F. Goodrich Co. are establishing four new branch
houses — in Kansas City, Minneapolis, Pittsburgh and Atlanta.
They were decided upon in the middle of October and will be
opened at once. The additional branches were called for by the
increase in demand for automobile tires in those sections. At
present these four are tire branches, but it is intended to have
them handle the complete line of the company's products at a
later date. The Goodrich company now have a total of 18

branch houses.

* * *

The Diamond Rubber Co. have plans completed for the con-
struction of two factory buildings on land recently purchased on
Jackson street, adjoining the plant on the south. Each build-
ing will be 300 X TOO feet, one four stories high and the other
one story. The lower building will be started at once and the
other will be built in the spring. An overhead bridge has been
constructed to connect the present part of the factory with the
new buildings across the street. An official said that the new
buildings will be used for general factory purposes. Their con-
struction was made necessary by the increase in the automobile

tire business.

* * *

The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. have purchased the plant
of the Globe Foundry and Machine Co., adjoining the rubber
factory. The property embraces several buildings and five large
lots. S. G. Carkhuflf, secretary of the company, says that the
property will be used as the site of a large factory building to be
put up in the spring. Its dimensions, he says, have not yet been
decided upon, but it will exceed in size the building now under
construction, which was announced in the last issue of The
India Rubber World. This structure will be 125 x 50 feet, and

four stories high.

* * *

At the annual stockholders' meeting of The Diamond Rubber
Co., held on October 20, the following directors were elected for
the ensuing year: C. A. Lake, Chicago; O. C. Barber, Akron;
F. A. Hardy, Chicago; A. H. Marks, .Akron; W. B. Miller,
Akron ; and 0. S. Hart, Akron. E. K. Hardy, Akron, who is
now touring Europe, resigned, and O. S. Hart, cashier of the
company, was elected to fill the vacancy. The directors met in
the afternoon of the same day and re-elected the following of-

ficers : Francis A. Hardy, president ; A. H. Marks, vice-president;
W. B. Miller, secretary; and .A. H. Noah, treasurer. The
directors declared a 10 per cent dividend.

* * *

H. S. Firestone, president of the Firestone Tire and Rubber
Co., is making a six weeks' tour through the West, visiting the
Firestone branches and agencies and inspecting business condi-
tions generally. He is expected to return in the middle of
November. The trip is much in the nature of a well-deserved
vacation for Mr. Firestone. During his absence, Mr. Carkhuff
is the e.\ccutive head of the offices

In automobile racing and reliability events, the importance of
the rubber tire as a factor in the contest is beginning to receive
increased attention. Tn the thousand mile reliability contest con-
ducted by the Chicago Motor Club, what probably was the first
trophy ever offered to manufacturers of rubber tires was donated
by C. P. Kimball & Co., auto body makers of Chicago. The cup
was awarded to the competing company whose tires should
receive the smallest number of points of penalization. In this
case the successful contesting company was The Diamond Rub-
ber Co. In order to be eligible, it was necessary for a company
to be represented by at least two sets of tires.

In this connection the cups awarded by the Firestone Tire
and Rubber Co. to Robertson and Florida, drivers in the Fair-
mount Park races, might be mentioned. The Firestone com-
pany presented the trophies to the drivers of tlie Locomobile
cars as an appreciation of their success in handling their tires.
Medals were also given to the mechanics of the two drivers.

* * *

The Akron tire companies, especially those making a specialty
of racing tires, were represented at the Vandcrbilt Cup race, on
Long Island. The Goodrich and Firestone cc mpanies sent promi-
nent officials. The Diamond Rubber Company, having six of
the nine American cars equipped with their tires, were repre-
sented by C. B. Myers, W. B. Miller, A. H. Marks, J. D. Tew
and J. A. Bradcn. Akron companies were also w^ell represented
at the Chicago show of the Carriage Builders' National Asso-
ciation.

* * *

The Diamond Rubber Co.'s branch in Detroit was moved into
the Cadillac building, on Jefferson avenue, during October. The
new location affords double the space and better facilities than

the old one.

* * *

Mr. Ernest E. Buckleton, manager of the Northwestern
Rubber Co., Limited, of Liverpool, was in Akron on business for
a short time about October 20. He has since returned to

England.

* * *

Mr. a. H. Noah, treasurer of the Diamond Rubber Co.,
is preparing to build a palatial home on the Country Club road,
west of Akron.

It is recorded of a certain packing manufacturer in the United
States that, during the first year of the business he offered a
rubber supply house a one-third interest for $1,500, but the
business did not appear attractive. The profits for the first
year amounted to $53,000, however, and they have not been
smaller in any succeeding year.

A certain company are reported in our news columns
to have lost only $35,641.25 1/6 by last year's trading, although
they produced leaf gutta-percha, motor car tires, and quinine bark,
and planted rubber and gutta-percha. We have known con-
cerns to lose more money in a year through carrying on a
single line of business. Really, considering the number of
"irons in the fire," the company under review have reason for
self congratulation.

68

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

Recent Patents Relating to Rubber.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

ISSUED SEPTEMBER i. 1908.

NO. 897,309. X'ulcanizing mandrel for rubber hose. S. J. Sill, •»-
•ignor of one-half to H. H. Hewitt, both of Buffalo. N. Y.
897.339. Automatic machine for windintr fire hose pipe and an*.l-
ogous tubing. E. D. C. Bayne and L. A. Subers, Cleveland, Ohio.
897,383. Braiding machine. J. Lundgren, Philadelphia, assignor to Sam-
son Cordage Works, Boston.
897.395' Hose nozzle cart. E. J. Petru and J. Zidek, Chicago.
897,472. Jar for storage batteries. J. Marx, Buffalo, N. Y.
897.630. Detachable rim [ for vehicle wheels] . R. Kronenberg, Ohiigt,

Germany.
897,701. Detachable rim for vehicle wheel tires. E. A. Baker, assignor

to Rapid Removable Rim Co., all of New York city.
897,726. Vehicle tire. [Pneumatic]. J. L. G. Dykes, Milford, 111.

897.758. Process for manufacturing indurated fiber. I. W. Marshall, ai-
signor of one-half to T. E. Marshall, both of Yorklyn, Del.

897,811. Automatic pneumatic tire inflater [for use on automobile*].

R. C. Barrie, Philadelphia.
897,841. Tire tool. G. Mohme and A. V. Hadlock, Chicago.
897,860. Rubber tread [for boot heels, with metallic plate imbedded].

W. E. Herbst, Hartford, Conn.

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 8, 1908.

897.880. Wheel tire [with specially constructed feely, and flexible tread].
J. S. Gushing, Norwood, Mass.

897.881. Elastic wheel [with sliding spokes and flexible tread]. A. Dau-
vergne, Lyons, France.

897,920. Cushion for boots and shoes [of sponge rubber]. F. P. Mcln-

tyre, Philadelphia.
897,932. Tire plug. R. Sampson, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
898,017. Hose coupling. W. B. Steen, Millcreek township, Pa.
898,057. Wheel [with penumatic tire and means for retaining the same].

J. W. Maixell, Lewisburg, Pa.
898,190. Hose and pipe coupling. W. Eisemann. Ford City, Mich.
898,280. Vehicle wheel [with solid rubber tire in "twin" form.] L

Snell, Little Falls, N. Y.
898,402. Elastic vehicle tire. W. Brameld, assignor of one-tenth to J. T.

Jordan, both of Patcrson, N. J.

Trade Marks,

35,652. The New Jersey Asbestos Co., Camden, N. J. The words
"Dagger" in a diamond- shaped design. For asbestos packing.

35,672. Regal Shoe Co., Boston. The word Regal. For rubber boots and

shoes.

35.833. Woven Steel Hose and Rubber Co., Trenton, N. J. The word

' Herald." For packings of rubber and other materials.

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 15, 1908.

898,497. Automobile tire. [Solid rubber, retained by a split rim.] W,

MuUer, Philadelphia.
8198,541. Packing for piston valves and pistons. J. T. Wilson, Jersey

Shore, Pa.
898,617. Packing for pistons and piston valves. J. T. Wilson, Jersey

Shore, Pa.
898,714. Anchoring and tensicn device for tire protectors. S. C.

Wolfe, Angola, Ind.

898.759. Hose nozzle. J. H. Melavin, Cambridge, Mass.
898,832. Elastic tire for wheels. F. J. Chary, Paris, France.
898,850. Pneumatic tire. W. Drury, Swansea, Wales, England.
898,907. Tire for vehicle wheels. T. J. Mell, Youngstown, Ohio, as-
signor to The Republic Rubber Co.

Trade Marks.

35.845- Hood Rubber Co., Boston. The word Oldcoton. For rubber boots
and shoes.

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 22, 1908.

899,061. Vehicle tire. [Reinforcing cable of metal and textile strands.]

R. M. Merriman, Youngstown, Ohio.
899.092. Woven hose. C. Alvord, Worcester, Mass., assignor to Fabric

Fire Hose Co.. New York city.
899,126. Spare tire holder. L. P. McKinney, assignor of one-half to

J. L. Snow, both of Boston.
899.139* Cushion tire. J. G. Smith, Wahoo, Neb.
899.331- Wheel for vehicles. W. H. Scryragour, London, England.
899.332' Spring wheel for vehicles. Same.

i99f33Z- Vehicle wheel. [Pneumatic] I. C. Scudder, New York city.
899.425- Resilient wheel. J. E. McQuilkin, Westmoreland county, Pa.

Design.

I, Ohio,
Ornamental design for a wheel tire.

39.575- T. J. Mell. Youngstown, Ohio, assignor to The Republic Rubber
Co. " ...

Trade Marks.

9.043. E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. The word Cop. For
rubber beltings, machinery and packings.

4.044. E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. The word Foe. For
rubber beltings, machinery and packings.

35.669. National Shoemakers, Lewiston, Me. The word Passion, for
cloth, rubber and leather shoes.

35.670. National Shoemakers, Lewiston, Me. The word Nazngator. For
cloth, rubber and leather shoes.

36,291. New Jersey Car Spring and Rubber Co., Jersey City, N. J. The
word Gladiator. For machinery belting.

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 29, 1908.

899,620. Tire inflater for automobiles. P. J. Ross, Trevor, Wis.; D. C.

Ross, Rydner, N. D., administrator of said P. J. Ross, deceased.
899,638. Spring wheel. H. E. Heaton, Oroville, Cal.
899,699. Wheel for vehicles [Cushion wheel, with rubber tread.] W. D.

McNaull, Toledo, Ohio.
899,741. Belt tightener. F. L. Lane and E. D. Stevens, assignors to

The Berlin Rlachine Works, all of Beloit, Wis.
899,876. Automobile wheel. J. Laus, Jr., Oshkosh, Wis.
899,934. Wheel [with elastic tire]. G. Wolke, Jacksonville, 111.
Trade Marks.

33,230. Marshall- Wells Hardware Co.. Duluth, Minn. The word Zenith

and the initials M. W. H. Co., within a ring and under a star. For

mechanical rubber goods.
35,125. American Circular Loom Co., Boston. The representation of a

coil of flexible electric conduit. For such conduits.
35,423. E. C. Atkins & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. The word Tar. For

rubber belting, packing and hose.

[Note. — Printed copies of specifications of United States patents may be
obtained from The India Rubber World oflice at 10 cents each postpaid.]

GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

PATENT SPECmCATIONS PUBLISHED.
The number given is that assigned to the Patent at the filing of the Ap-
plication, which in the case of those listed below was in 1907.

* Denotes Patents for American Inventions.
[Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, September 2, 1908.]

10,800 (1907). Felloe and rim for pneumatic tires. F. F. Mote, Chcable,

Cheshire, and another.
10,814 (1907). Screw attachment for heel pads. F. H. Barker and

Wilbar Mfg. Co., Manchester.
10,840 C1907). Golf tee. G. H. Bartlett, Norwich.
10,846 (1907). Supplementary rollers to prevent side slip in motor

vehicles. E. Martin, London.
10,848 C1907). Treatment of rubber latex. D. Sandmann, Berlin,

Germany.

10.869 (1907). Rubber tired wheel rendered more resilient by laminated
springs between inner and outer rims. M. W. Peck, London.

10.870 (1907). Wheel with two rims side by side for rubber tires.
P. E. Doolittle, Toronto, Canada.

10,950 (1907). Pneumatic tire with angular projections enclosing air

pockets in a tread surface for preventing side slip. Elcazar Kemp-
shall, London.
10,971 (1907). Shades for motor car wheels to serve as dust guards

and to protect the tires from the sun's heat. H. M. L. Crouan,

Asnieres (Seine), France.
10,977 (1907). Material for tire treads composed of fiber and textiles,

incorporated with rubber and vulcanized. S. Z. de Ferranti, Grindle-

ford, Derbyshire.
10,986 (1907). Felloe and rim for pneumatic tires. T. Dunn, London.
1 1,1 18 (1907). Tire casing built up with outer plies of fabric at a

greater tension than the inner one. G. Graham and W. Drury, London.
*:i,i26 (1907). Side wire solid tire. J. A. Swinehart, Akron, Ohio.
•11,150 (1907). Braiding machine with mandrel preferably endless and of

flexible rubber tubing. A. J. Boult, London. (G. H. Blakesley, Bristol,

Connecticut.)
11,190 (1907). Tire comprising an ordinary rubber cover enclosing

a rubber cushion formed with projections entering the outer ends of

helical springs. W. Stobbs, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
1 1,238 (1907). Spring wheel in which the tread comprises two or

more inextensible hoops within a tubular rubber casing. A, L. Carbonc,

Berlin, Germany.

[Abstracted in the Illustrateed Official Journal, September 9, 1908.]

11.355 (1907). I>eather puncture preventing band to fit between the
air tube and cover of tires. J. Cox, Tutbury, Staffordshire.

11,394 (1907). Hose coupling. W. E. Kimber, Johannesburg, Transvaal.

*i 1.399 (1907)- Pneumatic tire carrying rim with detachable side flange,
R. E. Jeffery, Piedmont, California.

11,613 (1907). Pneumatic tire in which the air tubes and cover are
formed in sections each secured to corresponding sections of a false
rim, and the latter to a wheel rim proper. H. Marche, Fourmies
(Nord), France.

1 1 ,636 ( 1 907) . Pneumatic or solid tires having metal casing embedded
into the tread. C. F. C. Morris and T. K- Z. Coburn, London.

11,675 (1907). Pneumatic tire with puncture preventing band of over-
lapping steel plates between the air tube and cover. F. Brooke, G.
Brooke, and T. Brooke, Wakefield, Yorkshire.

11,690 (1907). Spring wheel with pneumatic tire. J. Fletcher, Church-
town, Lancashire.

1 1,702 (1907). Solid tire held in channel rims by compression. J. A.
Grant and V. E. Grant, Liverpool.

\OVE MISER I, 1908.

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

69

The International Rubber Exhibition.

THE EXHIBITION SUMMED UP.

OXE of the most pleasant and interesting of the social fea-
tures of the International Rubber and Allied Trades Ex-
hibition was the banquet at Pillar Hall, Olympia, on
Thursday evening, September 24, at which Sir Henry Arthur
Blake, ccm-C, president of the Exhibition, took the chair.
There were more than a hundred guests, representative of the
planting, crude rubber, and manufacturing interests, govern-
ment commissioners, and members of the press — from Great
Britain and the Continent, the Dutch and British East Indies,
North and South America, and the West Indies.

The Editor of The India Rubber World, in responding to the
toast "'The Press," concluded his remarks with the following
in regard to the Rubber Exhibition and its influence:

"I have already told you at other gatherings how the great
exhibits, particularly those of Ceylon, Malay States, British
West Indies, and Brazil have interested me. Now as to essays
and discussions, they have been intensely interesting and par-
ticularly valuable from the rubber planting standpoint. But look-
ing at them from the rubber manufacturers and rubber
chemists' standpoint we face wholly different conditions. We
say carelessly that there are no secrets to-day in the rubber
trade, yet the trade is full of them — secret processes, compounds
and machines. Not only that, but it often happens that two
factories side by side, equipped with similar machinery, using
identically the same compounds, with equally skilled help, and
under the same management, are unable to produce the same
quality of goods.

"A very complete industry is the rubber business ; in fact,
it is a series of widely varying industries. Insulated wire, hard
rubber, mechanical rubber goods, footwear, surgical rubber,
dental rubber, while basically the same, vary widely in compound-
ing and manipulation before they become finished products.

"The expert in one of these lines usually knows little or
nothing of the others and each of these lines is full of complex-
ities and secrets.

"The rubber chemist, therefore, coming here to read a paper,
is in honor bound not to talk about the secrets of the factory he
represents, and he chooses a subject very general in its nature.
'I'he chief value of this great meeting of experts is not in the
essays read, nor the speeches made, but in the meeting of such
men as Kelway Bambcr, a rubber planting chemist and expert.

and Dr. Torrey, a factory chemist and expert. Their private ex-
change of views is bound to be of value to each and result in
the good to the trade at large. Thus the scores of manu-
facturers, planters, chemists and experts, who meet soci.iUy
and talk informally, are the real leaven that will revivify and
animate and solve the great inner mass <if rubber problems that
confront us to-day. Like the New England Rubber Club, it
brings men of common purpose and identical interest into
closer touch with one another, with great resultant good to all."

FINS

Rittii'shcimvr Boscnbcrg

1S99

G. 11. Mumni & Co.

1900

DEUrZ &■ GELDERMAN

i8pS

Chateau Belatr St. Etnilion

jgoo

Liqueurs

CIGARS

Flor de Ctiba

Sublimes
CIGARETTES

Quo I'adis
State Express

MENU DU DINER

Hors d'Qiuvres a la Bambcr

Consomme Olympia

Creme du Ilevca

Turbnt Cuagulaticn

Para Ham in Substitute Jelly

Saddle of Mutton, Netherlands

Poulardc de F. M. S.

Salade Cosur de Latex

Poires a la Bresil

Triandises en Formaldehyde

Plantation Dessert

Cafe Mexico

To.^ST List .\t the Fili..\r I1.\ll B.\N(juet.

His Majesty the King. — Proposed by the Chairman.

Her Majesty the Queen, the Prince and Princess of Wales,
Members of the Royal Family.

The Rubber Industry. — Proposed by the Chairman. Response on behalf
of the Rubber Growers by J. Loudoun Shand, Esq.

The Visitors. — Proposed by Col. W. J. Iksworth,
Executive Connnittee. Response by Louis IIotT, Esq.,
German Rubber Manufacturers* Association, and N. H.
missioner for the State of Amazonas, Brazil.

The Technical Press. — Proposed by E. E. Buckleton, Esq. Response by
H. C. Pearson, Esq., Editor of The India Rubber World. New York.

The Chairman. — Proposed by Norman Grieve, Esq. Response by Sir
Henry A. Blake, 0. c. m. c, President International Rubber and Allied
Trades Exhibition.

and the other

chairman of the
chairman of the
Witt, I^sq., com-

The Silvertown Companv.? Exhibit.

"MuRAC" Pavilion at Olympia.

70

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[No\'EMBER I, 1908.

The Netherlands Pavilion and Members cf the Commission.

[Viewed from left to right, the gentlemen appearing in the picture are A. G. N. Swart, LL.D., general commissioner; Dr. W. R. Tromp de Haas,
of Java; H. S. J. Maas. Netherlands Consul-General at London; K. H. H. Van Bennekon; Jac. Musly, of Weise & Co., Rotterdam; J. Porape,
of Amsterdam Caoutchouc Fabriek (seated): .T- G. vcn Hemert; and J. Merens, of Merens Brothers, liaarlem.]

A General View in the Main Exhibition Hall.
INTERNATIONAL RUBBER AND ALLIED TR.\DES EXHIBITION, AT OLYMPLA.

November i, igoS. j

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

71

Rubber Exhibits from iJKiTibU CuLo.Nits. A Uisi'lav of Kubbkr Malhixerv.

THE NETHERLANDS COMMISSION DINNER.

■ I 'H 1\ Xotherlands Commission for tlu- IiitcriKi'.ional RubbtT
■^ Exhibition gave a dinner at the Trocadero restaurant, Lon-
don, Mr. H. S. J. Maas, presided. The guests included, bc-
aliy enjoyable affair. The Netherlands consul-2'eneral at Lon-
don. Mr. H. S. J. Maas presided, The guests included, be-
sides the members cf the coniniission, a nunib'-r of the com-
missioners from other countries and colonics, and experts- in
rubber botany and chemistry. .Xmong those present was tU,.
newly appnimed Xelhcrlands Min'stor to Jripan, Sir Henri-

.\rthiir lilakc, and Director Prain, of the Kew gardens. The
cli.-iinnan said that tn hearing that Sir Henry Blake was to be
])rcsident of the Rubber E.xhibition, he strongly advised his
government to be. represented, and Dr. Swart, appointed as
chairman of the Netherlands Commission, had done notable work
in making its exhibit a success. Sir Henry Blake was among the
speakers, as were also Dr. Tromo de Haas and Mr. Jac. Musly.
The Editor of The Ini)i.\ Rubber World responded to the toast
■■'I he Press."

IpTTT

Dinner of Netiieri.axus Com .mission for the Lvternationai. Rlbber Exhirition.

72

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[No\T.MBF.R I, 1908.

The Continental Caoutchouc Works, at Hanover.

By Our British Correspondent.

FOR some years it has been customary for me at this season
to write a few notes in reference to rubber matters which
have come under my notice during my summer vacation on
the continent. Certain country districts in Bohemia, in which
the bulk of my time was spent this year, are briefly referred to
in my regular correspondence this month, and I propose to devote
the present article to the important works mentioned above, as
I had the opportunity afforded me, when passing through Han-
over, of making an inspection of the principal factory. It is
hardly necessary to say that this was not accomplished in a few
minutes, and I have to express my indebtedness to Herr Adolf
Prinzhorn, the senior director, for my courteous reception and
for the time he personally put at my disposal. This is by no
means the first occasion in which these
works have been referred to in The
India Rubber World, and it would there-
fore be superfluous to enlarge particularly
upon their evolution, capitalization and
statistical position. Suffice it in this re-
spect to say that, starting in 1872, with
200 men and a very modest capital, the
company now have a capital of 4,200,000
marks [=: about $1,000,000], employ 6,000
hands exclusive of staff, and are almost
the largest rubber manufacturing concern
in the world, using, I am told, one-
thirtieth of the total output of raw rub
ber.

Some eight miles off an additional fac-
tory has recently been completed, the great
increase in the cycle and motor tire busi-
ness being mainly responsible for its erec-
tion. In the Hanover factory about 6.000
cycle and motor covers are made per day
in the busy season, in two rooms each
500 feet long. In this department I was
interested to see at work the large fabric
bias cutting machines which have taken
the place of hand cutting, with marked

economy. These machines are of German make, a remark which
applies pretty generally to the machinery throughout the factory,
with the notable exception of the fine sheet cutting machines,
which emanate from Salford, Manchester. It appears tliat while
the wired-on cycle tire cover is the type prin-
cipally made for export, the beaded edge is
the most popular in Germany. The inner
tubes, both for cycles and motor tires, are all
made in the seamless fashion by the tubing
machine, red rubber being used much more
extensively than grey in their manufacture.

Going back to the raw material, mention
may be made of the extensive use of the hol-
lander in washing. The drying is all done
by steam heat, the chambers being situated
on the second floor. The management is not
enamored of vacuum drying, rolling out thin
and the use of exhausting fans enabling
the drying by heat to be carried out ex-
peditiously. The arrangements in the cut
sheet department with regard to the freezing
cham.ber for block; and the cutting process
are practically identical with those of the
English firms engaged in this branch, and
from what I was told, the Continental is

Adolf Prinzhorn,

producing counts quite as fine as those of its old established
competitors. The ball department was of special interest to me,
because here I saw for the first time the patent ball-making
machine of Wolcott and Ryder, who are connected with the New
York Rubber Co. The patent rights for Germany are in the pos-
session of the Continental company, and Mr. Prinzhorn e-xpresses
himself as perfectly satisfied with the working of the machines,
which are much superior to earlier efforts in their direction, and
show a great economy in production compared with hand labor. The
exact composition of the rubber mixing is an important matter.
The English rights for this machine are in the hands of a
prominent north of England rubber firm, but I have no informa-
tion as to whether it is being used. The number of balls auto-
matically made at one movement of the
machine varies from four to eight, accord-
ing to diameter. It should be mentioned
that so far only hollow playing balls are
being made by this machine, it not being
considered accurate enough for lawn ten-
nis balls, in the manufacture of which
I noticed an amount of precision which
rather surprised me. On the Continent
and in the Colonies the uncovered red
ball has a much greater vogue than in
England, and I was not surprised to find
numbers of them in process of manufac-
ture Space will not permit of my notic-
ing all the departments I visited, but I can-
not refrain from expressing my satisfaction
at the complete freedom from bisulphide of
carbon vapors of the air of the workroom in
which a certain process of cold curing
was being actively carried on. The Ger-
man regulations, I was informed, are even
stricter than those in force in Great
Britain, but judging by the very perfect
way in which the Continental company
have overcome the difficulties involved it
cannot be contended that the German
regulations are too onerous in a hygienic matter of such great
importance. Glancing for a moment at the power department,
it may be mentioned that considerable alterations have been
made in recent years on up-to-date lines. Mechanical stokers

Works of the Continent.^l Caoutchouc- und Gutta Percha Compacnie.

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

73

are being fitted to the majority of the boilers, and the water tube
boiler is largely in evidence. Two modern engines of 1,000 H. r.
each are engaged in developing electricity, much of the power
required in the departments being derived from electric motors.
The baths, dining and recreation rooms for the work people are
on lines which are tolerably familiar to those who are acquainted
with German industrial procedure; in this department of a
large factory I have for years remarked the superiority of
Continental countries as compared with Great Britain, though
in several cases a great improvement is now noticeable in the
latter country. It seems that no less than 3,000 liters of white
coffee are given out daily at certain definite times to work people
who ask for it. This is quite a recent departure, and at first
a small charge was made for the refreshment. The coffee is
now given free and the general result has been to diminish the
amount of beer drunk at meal times.

Knowing as I do with what energy the Germans are tackling
rubber chemistry 1 was not altogether surprised to be shown a
research laboratory mhabited by two doctors of chemistry who
devote themselves exclusively to research work, and in passing
I cannot refrain from expressing the opinion that men with the
financial resources of such a concern behind them and witli no
other business to attend to, are more likely to achieve important
discoveries than are those rubber enthusiasts who take on rubber
as one subject in a general practice. I say tliat because I was re-
cently told at Olympia that the discoveries of the future will come
from outside the rubber factory. In addition to this research
laboratory there is also the works laboratory, where routine tests
and analyses are carried out. It will be seen then that the scien-
tific side of the industry is receiving full attention, as is now the
rule at large Continental factories. Moreover, in contradiction
to what obtains in most of our British works, the managing di-
rector has familiarized himself with rubber chemistry up to date
and can explain the complicated apparatus of the research labora-
tory with the lucidity that characterizes his description of the
factory plant with which he has for so long been familiar.

It is hardly necessary, in writing for India Rubber World
readers, to point out how varied are the products of the works
at Hanover, embracing as they do almost everything made of
rubber except footwear.

NEW TRADE PUBLICATIONS.

■yilK L. & M. RUBBER WORKS (Carrollton, Ohio), issue a
■*■ catalogue of Drug Sundries, Molded, Seamed, and Dipped
Goods, under the "Buckskin" brands, which is interesting and
attractive, and more than ordinarily complete for a new concern.
L6" xg". 28 pages.]

Fred. Med.\rt (St. Louis), one of the longest established manu-
facturers of gymnastic apparatus in the country, sends a book-
let, "What Others Say," filled with testimonials in regard to
the Medart supplies, several of which have been described in
these pages as being composed to an important extent of india-
rubber. [3/4" X 614". 24 pages.]

New York Insulated Wire Co. (New York) issue their
price list No. 22 of "Raven Wire Core" Rubber Covered Wires
and Cables, giving prices on rubber-covered wires on the various
copper bases, from 11 cents to 21 cents, and including various
tables which will be found of service.

Syracuse Rubber Co. — F. C. liowlett, president and treasurer
(Syracuse, New York), issue their most elaborate catalogue — to
date — of Druggists' Sundries. It is profusely illustrated and
gives prices of the products of leading manufacturers. [6^"
xgl^i". 200 pages.]

The North British Rubber Co., Limited (Edinburgh), as
everybody in the trade knows, have figured to an important ex-
tent in the supplying of rubber footwear to the Oriental trade,
and particularly to China. Everybody in the trade, however,
may not have seen the exceedingly interesting posters on a
large scale got out by the North British company for use in
China — posters involving Chinese artistic ideals, with lettering in
Chinese, and views of interiors of Chinese shoe stores and the
like. One of these posters embraces a Chinese calendar for a
year, and all of them contain pictures of the peculiar styles of
waterproof footwear required in the markets of China. If any
trade publication that has reached The India Rubber World
during the past 20 years is entitled to the designation "unique,"
we readily give the palm to the North British Rubber Co.'s
Chinese posters.

ALSO RECEIVED.
1>R. II. Robinson, Waco, Texas = Hygienic Masseur. 12 pages.
Slcwnrt &' Halilian, 210 Rroadway, New York=[Catalogue (No. 34,

1908). Rubber Stamps.] 32
pages. .Mso: Price List. 4
I'agcs.

Healy Leather Tire Co.,
N'ew York. = Healy Rims and
Tires. 32 pages.

The S. S. White Dental
Manufacluring Co., rhiladel-
|ihia. = Bread and Butter
Goods. 16 pages.

The H. J. .\I. Howard Manu-
facturing Co., Washington,
D. C. :=n<Hvard Swinging Hose
Kacks. Catalogue 1907-1908.
20 pages.

Myers Manufacturing Co.,
I'remont. Ohio.="Costa" Drug-
gists' Rubber Sundries. 20
pages.

B. F. Sturtevant Co., Bos-
ton. —Bulletin 156 — Generating
Sets. 8 pages.

W. W. Winship. Ho5ton.=:
.\utomobile Trunks and Equip-
ments. 20 pages.

Voorhces Rubber Manufac-
turing Co., Jersey City, New
Jersey. = Big Game. [Large
poods in mechanical rubber.]
12 pages.

The Cleveland Galvanizing
W'orks Co., Oeveland, Ohio. =
Cleveland Pump Chain and
Rubber Pump Buckets. 8
pages.

'The India KiiiDtk World's" Stand at Olvmi'IA.

[From left to right; Mr. A. Staines M.mdcrs. organizing manager.
Eosworth, chairman of the executive committee; Mr. Richard J. Hoffman
mittee; Mr. S. P. GiflFord, The India Rubber World. (Pages at the desks.)]

Mr. Henry C. Pearscn
of Rubbe

Colonel W. J.
Growers' Exhibition Com-

It is authoritatively an-
nounced that another in-
ternational rubber exhi-
bition will be held in 1910.

74

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[NOVEMUKK I, I90P.

New Rubber Goods in the Market.

WHEX the number of railway cars is considered, and the
necessity for keeping passenger cars in sanitary con-
dition, it will be seen how large a contract would be
involved in merely undertaking to supply apparatus for clean-
ing all the cars in the country. A distinctive feature of the
device illustrated here is that it may be employed to utilize
the compressed air with which every steam or electric railroad
is equipped. Where a compressed air plant is not permanently
installed this cleaner may be operated from the air brake pump
of any electric car by simply attaching it by means of a hose
to the brake reservoir. By means of this system a car may be
stopped at any place, the cleaner attached to the air brake line

Electric Driven V.\cuum C.\r Cle.\ner.

and the car cleaned in 10 or 15 minutes at a cost not exceeding
2 cents for power. The vacuum producer is connected to the
compressed air supply (either pipe line or air brake reservoir
on car) by means of a compressed air hose. The vacuum hose
is connected to the side of the tank and the other end to which
the tools are attached is taken into the car. The compressed
air is turned on and regulated by the valve on the vacuum pro-
ducer until the proper vacuum is obtained. The cleaning tools
are passed over the seats and other articles to be cleaned until
all the dirt is removed. The same general system is employed
in cleaning apparatus for office and household use involving a
stationary compressed air plant. [The National Vacuum Clean-
ing Co.. Dayton, Ohio.]

"FEEL FINE" AIR HEELS.

Among the specialties ofifcred to the trade by the Consolidated
Manufacturing Co. (Hartford, Connecticut) are the "Feel Fine"

air heeis. I hese heels are pneumatic cushions of high grade
rubber for wearing inside the shoe. They are of rubber so pre-
pared that they contain horseshoe shaped channels, medically
sealed, but filled with air, and they are covered with a sock
lining of kid, so arranged that by placing them inside the shoe
they are at once cemented in the heel seat. It is claimed by
the manufacturers of this heel that the air-filled channels pro-
duce a resiliency not to be found in the same degree in any
other rubber heel. It is also claimed that the connection be-
tween the air channels largely obviates the tendency to "run-
ning over."

cox TIRE CUSHION.

This illustration relates to a cushion to be placed between the
inner tube and the slice of all types of pneumatic tires for auto-
mobiles. It is made of
felt and fabric. It is de-
signed to help in stop-
ping punctures and blow-
outs, to prevent inner
tubes from chafing or
being pinched, to keep
the tire cool in hot
weather, and in various
ways to make tires last
longer. .-Xny one can
apply the cushion , It is
pointed out that where
it is used smaller inner
tubes' may be bought,
which means a saving in
cost. [David H. Co.x,
Rahway, New Jersey.]

iHION
TflCAD

Cox Tire Cushio.n.

ROBINSON'S HYGIENIC MASSEUR.

The illustration herewith relates to a small device or outfit
patented by Dr. H. Robinson, of Waco, Texas, for massaging
the eyes, eyelids, lips, and the like; it is designed to serve also

"Feel Fine" Air Heels.

Robinson's Hygienic Masseur.

as a respirator or lung developer, a nasal or ear syringe, and for
other purposes. The numbers in the half-tone shown relate to
uses of the outfit as follows: (i) Interior view of receptacle
and appliances when not in use ; (2) eye bath; (3) massage cup

November i, 1908.

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

75

for e>'elids and lips; (3) massage cup for eyeballs and face;
(5) superfluous flesh reducer; (6) nasal syringe; (7) ear
syringe; (8) nasal inhaler; (9) respirator or lung developer;
(10) blackhead extractor.

■E-Z WAVE" HYGIENIC HAIR CURLER.

This little uivelty, designed especially for making the ''French
wave" — whatever that may mean in hairdressing — is made wholly
of rubber. It is hence ,----«^

wholesome and easilv kept «siVKttiflK9K!^X^
clean, besides being light, /f]^^^Pi|^
in addition to the flex- j Jl V J\ Vy^^' ,
ibility which renders its / [\^ /^{j \^m'^
use comfortable. It is re-
ferred to as being a good
seller. [Hygienic Hair
Waver Co., New York.]

"E-Z W.wr" Hair Curler.

THE RUBBER TRADE IN SAN FRANCISCO.

DV .\ RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT.

IN speaking of the conditions of business it is usual with men
in the rubber trade to begin by saying that conditions, espe-
cially in the mechanical lines, are very quiet, and then after a
little reflection they go on to say that on the whole business is
fairly active and getting steadily better. They are all confident
that the very quiet times are at an end and that, no matter how
slow it may appear at times, there is no danger whatever of
a repetition of the apathy which was so evident during some of
the months following the financial panic. As for the houses
which deal in rubber clothing and shoes, the season has opened up
with a few raifls, so that business is quite good, but the strictly
mechanical rubber houses find that business is slow and they do
not expect thirgs to become really flourishing until early spring.
Very little talk is directed towards the coming presidential elec-
tion, cither because people are certain of the outcome, or be-
cause less importance is attached to the outcome than has been
the case in former years, and the fact that the election time is
approaching is not given as a very important reason for times
being as quiet as they are. On the whole it may be said that
the rubber business on the coast is fairly good, and that there
has been a steady improvement during the past month, which
is not at all likely to suffer a relapse.

Business with the Bowers Rubber Works is said to be very
favorable, and the factory is running full handed. This firm
has been shipping a goodly quantity of goods to the Orient. Mr.
C. O. Bowers, the present superintendent of the factory at Black
Diamond, has gone on East for a month's vacation trip. Mr.
H. A. Cushmau, the former superintendent of the works, died
recently.

Mr. Gurr, representative of the W. D. Allen Manufacturing
Co. (Chicago), has been visiting the trade of the Coast, and
has recently spent a few days among the rubber merchants of
San Francisco.

Mr. Jennings, representing the H, B. Sherman Manufacturing
Co., of Battle Creek, Michigan, is now making the rounds of
the local trade in the interests of his house.

Mr. Mcllroy, Eastern traveling representative from the Lake
Shore Rubber Co. (Erie, Pennsylvania), is now in San Fran-
cisco, placing business for his firm.

The report from the Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing
Co., nn First street near Mission, is that business, though still
quiet in mechanical lines, is gradually moving forward, and
is now working up pretty well. C. H. Brow^n, of this company,
is now in the Northern territory in the interests of the firm.

The Plant Rubber and Supply Co. report that they are wait-
ing for the spring business, and do not expect a very great
business before that time. Trade is quiet, but it has been much
worse than it is at the present time, and the (uitlook is favorable
for a good year after the first of January.

Mr. R. H. Pease, president of the Goodyear Rubber Co., has
recently returned from an extended trip to Portland, Oregon,
where he found that business has been improving every week.
"The same can b.^ said of San Francisco." he said. "We are
waiting for the heavy rains, and if they will come early it will
give us a splendid business, as the retailers thr.;iig.iout the coun-
try are in a flourishing condition, the cnly trouble being that
they are now pretty heavily stocked up. and a few good rains
will enable them to sell off some so that they could increase their
orders. The mechanical business is improving and as soon as
there is enough water in the mountains to work the rnines we
look for a big increased business in that direction."

Mr. H. C. Norton, of the Pacific Coast Rubber Co., at 418
.Mission street, states that business is increasing gradually and'
satisfactorily. He announces that on the first of November his.
firm will take over the lines of the Peerless Rubber Manufac-
turing Co., for the Pacific coa.^t, including the well-known "Rain-
bow" sheet packing.

Mr. McNeilly, manager for the Barton Packing .'ind Rubber Co.,
at No. 533 Howard street, states that this month has resulted
n a very good business; in fact, a big improvciuent. and if it
would only keep up, he would have no fault to find at all.

The Phoeni.x Rubber Co. are now settled in their new loca-
tion on F'irst street, between Mission and Ho.vard, and very
commodious and convenient quarters they are. Mr. Kanzee, one
of the proprietors, is away for an extended trip in the Eastern
states, among the manufacturers. Mr. Ralph, his partner, is
away at the present time for a short trip in Santa Rosa, Cali-
fornia.

Mr. Sargeant, local manager of the Gorham Rubber Co., re-
ports : "Our business is improving steadily, and we feel per-
fectly satisfied that by the beginning of the new year, not later
than February, the good old times will be revived. In fact,
nearly all of the rubber men are pinning their hopes on February
as the month which will see the biggest change for the better
of any we have \et had. Our collections are good and money
seems to be coming in better all round." Mr. Gorham is in Los
Angeles on business, and Mr. Parrish, sales manager, is still in
the Orient looking after trade.

Mr. Perkins, of the Sterling Rubber Co., on Second street,
states that business is spasmodic, there being a w^eek or two of
goo^ business followed by almost a perfect vacuum. It is not
normal yet, he says, not as good as it should be at this time of
the year, and still it is much better than it has been, and is
getting better. Goods that can be used in the holiday trade are
having a big run and the holiday trade will be as good as in
tlie best of years. For the other rubber lines there will not be
much improvement until after the first of the year.

L. L. Torrey, manager of the Pennsylvania Rubber Co., is now
away on his Eastern trip, and is expected to return to this
city within two or three weeks.

C. E. Mathcwson, Pacific coast manager of The Diamond Rub-
ber Co., states that this firm will select a new location for its
uptown branch, now out on Golden Gate avenue. The branch
has for a long time been located in a temporary frame building,
but the new location, wdll also be out on Golden Gate or near
it. and in the vicinity of Van Ness avenue. Mr. Mathcwson is
preparing to take a run down to Los Angeles to look after the
branch store in that city. J. E. Argus, who has charge of the
firm's mechanical department, will also g" t" T f« \nijeles to
look after the mechanical lines there.

.\utomobile tires are reaching such a state ot periection in the
marufacture, that whereas in automobile meets and races a cer-
tain large percentage of accidents were anticipated as a result of
defective tires, statistics show that no accident has happened on
this Coast this year during the racing season on account of faulty
tires. Attention may be called m this connection to the large
nunbcr of automobiles in this part cf the country in propor-
ti-n tn the population.

76

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, igo8.

News of the American Rubber Trade.

AFFAIRS OF THE UNITED STATES RITBBER CO.

THE United States Rubber Co. are reported to be consider-
ing a plan for a long term note issue for the purpose of
taking up the $4,500,000 Boston Rubber Shoe Co. debentures
and $8,000,000 of United States Rubber Co. refunding notes,
and increasing the company's working capital. The refunding
notes fall due in September, 1909, and the Boston Rubber Shoe
Co. debentures in September, 1910. Either issue, however, can
be retired at par on any interest date. The United States
Rubber Co. were reported lately to be operating to 80 or 85
per cent, of their normal capacity.

NEW YORK BELTING DEBENTURES.

XoTiCE has been given of the drawing of 310 debenture bonds
of iioo each of the New York Belting and Packing Co., Limited,
for redemption in accordance with the condition of the sinking
fund contained in a deed of trust of the said company to the
Knickerbocker Trust Co., dated February g, 1891. Payment of
the bonds is to be made on or after January i, 1909, at the
rate of $533.50 for each bond. The company on becoming an
English corporation, in 1901, issued 6 per cent, sterling first
mortgage debentures to the amount of £225.000 [=$1,094,962.50].
The amount to be retired as above stated is $150,861.50. The
amount still outstanding is not now possible to state.

NEW JERSEY RUBBER SPECIALTY CO. SOLD.

The plant and business of the New Jersey Rubber Specialty
Co. (Milltown, N. J.) has been sold to the J. Elwood Lee Co., of
Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. Clement E. Eckrode, one of the
proprietors and hitherto manager of the Specialty company will,
it is understood, continue the plant in operation for some time
under the new management, after which the business will be
transferred to Conshohocken. The J. Elwood Lee Co. are
understood to be controlled by Johnson & Johnson, of Milltown,
SO that the new deal marks another step in the extensive op-
erations of this great drug firm. It is assumed that the plant
of Specialty company will in time be absorbed by the Michelin
Tire Co., whose extensive works it adjoins.

WILKIE RUBBER MANUFACTURING CO.

The Wilkie Rubber Manufacturing Co. (Lynn, Massachusetts),
the incorporation of which was reported in the last India Rub-
ber World, are to succeed the Spinney-Wise Co., of the same
city. About 19 years ago the firm of Nulchur & Spinney became
Spinney, Virtue & Co., through the entrance of George H.
Virtue. He retired in 1896, and the firm became reorganized as
Spinney, Wise & Co., Mr, Wise having been in management ot
the factory. The business was incorporated July 31, 1905, as
the Spinney- Wise Co., with Robert J. Wilkie president — a posi-
tion which he will fill in the new corporation. They are manu-
facturers of hard and sofe rubber goods for mechanical and
electrical purposes. It is understood that the factory will be
removed to Saugus, Mass.

HUTTON & LAPWORTH STARTING.

The electric webbing factory of the new firm of Hutton &
Lapworth, at Brockton, Massachusetts, is now in readiness, on
the premises occupied at one time by the Standard Rubber Co.
The members of the firm are Fred W. Hutton, formerly of the
Old Colony Rand Co., of Brockton (who will have charge of the
selling department), and Charles Lapworth, formerly of William
Lapworth & Sons, ff Milford, Mass. (who will be in charge of
the manufacturing). All the machinery will be operated elec-
trically. [The Standard Rubber Co. started in a small way
in 1881 in the manufacture of rubber clothing and gradually
built up an important business. They were reorganized suc-
cessively as the Standard Co. and the Standard Rubber Corpora-

tion, and made an assignment at the end of 1900, The manu-
facture of rubber clothing was never revived on the premises,
which have been for the most part idle until now.]

FACTORY EXTENSION AT WALPOLE.

The Massachusetts Chemical Co. are building an addition to
their factory at Walpole, Massachusetts, comprising some 15,000
square feet of floor .space, to accommodate their insulating tape
department, which continues to grow. The tapes manufactured
by this company, as a result of close attention to the needs of the
electrical trade backed up by patient research work in the labora-
tory and the cooperation of a well-equipped plant, have been for
many years well and favorably known for their high initial
and permanent quality.

BERRODIN RUBBER CO. (PHILADELPHIA).

The Berrodin Rubber Co. have been incorporated under the
laws of Pennsylvania, with $10,000 capital. They have bought
out the Philadelphia Auto Tire and Rubber Co., a partnership
consisting of Sanders Levy, Jeannette, Pa,, and Frank Berrodin
and Saul Le\'y, of Philadelphia, and their branch at Buffalo,
New York, and will continue their G & J tire agency in the
two cities. The officers of the Berrodin Rubber Co. are : W. A.
MacCalla, president; Sanders Levy, vice-president; H. K. Buck,
secretary ; Frank Berrodin, treasurer and general manager. The
object of the company is to sell and repair automobiles and
bicycle tires, and to add in the near future the sale of a full
line of mechanical rubber goods. The Philadelphia address is
Nos. 713-715 North Broad street; that of the Buffalo branch,
No. 912 Main street.

UNITED STATES RUBBER CO.— DIVIDENDS.

The board of directors of the United States Rubber Co. on
October i declared from net profits a quarterly dividend of 2
per cent, on the first preferred stock, and a quarterly dividend of
I'/z per cent, on the second preferred stock of the company,
payable October 31.

TRADE NEWS NOTES.

The Diamond Rubber Co.'s new Boston branch, of which a
view appears in another column, is one of the largest rubber
stores in existence, carrying not only their rubber tires in stock,
but other products of the factory.

The Goodyear Rubber Co., at the beginning of the month
started their rubber shoe factory at Middletown, Connecti-
cut, on a full time schedule, after having been running at a re-
duced rate during the summer.

Mr. E. H. Cutler, for many years connected with the rubber
footwear trade, has become treasurer of The Consolidated Manu-
facturing Co. (Hartford. Connecticut), among whose special prod-
ucts are the "Feel Fine" air heels.

I. B. Kleinert Rubber Co. (New York) have been allowed a
customs drawback on dress shields made by them in part from
"garment," "garment silk," and "garment double silk," amounting
to 99 per cent, of the import duties collected on the goods
referred to.

The Quaker City Rubber Co. (Philadelphia) are reported
to be having estimates made on a one-story addition to their
plant 60 X 138 feet.

The Republic Rubber Co. (Youngstown, Ohio) have com-
pleted an important order for fire hose for Peoria, Illinois, which
was sent by express in view of the pressing necessity for the
supplies.

The Seamless Rubber Co, (New Haven, Connecticut) are to
make an addition to their plant by the erection of a one-story
brick building, 90 x 200 feet, on Congress avenue, to be used
as a shipping office.

November i, 1908.I

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

77 .

UNITED STATES BTTBBEB CO.'S SHABES.

Transactions on the New York Stock Exchange for
weeks, ending October 24:

Common Stock.

Sales 1,000 shares High

Sales 1,600 shares High

Sales 1,370 shares High

Sales 6.250 shares High

\lV2, Feb.

Week October 3
Week October 10
Week October 17
Week October 24

For the year — High, 37^5, Aug. 7; Low,
Last year — High, 52J?; Low, \zVi-

31
32

32/2
35J-8
26.

Low
Low
Low
Low

four

30
30J4
31
32^

Week October 3
Week October 10
Week October 17
Week October 24

For the year — High, 102^, Aug. 7;
Last year — High, logjg; Low, diVi

First Preferred Stock.

Sales 300 shares High

Sales Q43 shares High

Sales 1,597 shares High

Sales 1,200 shares High

Low, 76, Feb.

100
lOI^
IOI.}i
I00>^

19.

Low 99^
Low loi
Low 100
Low 100

Secoxu Preferred Stock.

Sales

145 shares

High

68

Low

68

Sales

200 shares

High

68

Low

68

Sales

200 shares

High

6q/2

Low

68

Sales
74. Aug

50 shares
;. 7; Low, 42,

High
Feb. 21.

67/2

Low

67^^2

Week October 3
Week October 10
Week October 17
Week October 24

For the year — High,

Last year — High, 78}^: Low^ 39.

EECLAIMING RUBBER AT ERIE.

The Continental Rubber Works (Erie, Pennsylvania) have
taken on the reclaiming of rubber, with such results, it is under-
stood, that they feel encouraged to enlarge their capacity for
this production in the near future very materially. They have
placed orders for additional machinery to increase their output
of reclaimed rubber with a view to more than doubling the same
within the next month or so. By the time the equipment now
being installed is completed they expect to be sending out 20
tons per day.

NEW INCORPORATIONS.

Rubber B. B. Co., October -'4, 1908, under the laws of New
Jersey ; capital authorized $25,000. To manufacture rubber
specialties and engage as mechanical engineers, etc. Incorpora-
tors : Isidore Schwartz, Hyman Davidson, and Joseph B. Bloom —
all of Newark, N. J.

The Safety Tire Co., October 17, 1908, under the laws of
Maine : authorized capital $2,000,000. To manufacture and deal
in rubber tires. Clarence E. Eaton and T. L. Croteau, of Port-
land, Me., are respectively president and treasurer.

Leolastic Co., October 15, 1908, under the laws of New Jersey;
authorized capital, $1,000,000. The object of the company is
stated to be the manufacture of rubber goods, and a building
is being erected at Bayonne, N. J., to which will be removed a
business now carried on at Fall River, Massachusetts. Incor-
porators : George H. Makepeace and Montgomery D. Coleman,
both of No. 120 Broadway, New York, and J. Milton Ferry,
Bayonne, N. J.

Non-Blow-Out Auto Tire Co., October 12, 1908, under the laws
of New Jersey; authorized capital, $500,000. Incorporators:
Edward D. Birkholz, Frederick R. Tyrell and Robert S. Ter-
hune— all of No. 812 Broad street, Newark, N. J.

Berrodin Rubber Co., October 10, 1908, under the laws of
Pennsylvania ; capital, $io,ooo. To deal in rubber tires in Phila-
delphia and elsewhere. Further details appear in another column.

Pennsylvania Rubber and Supply Co., October 10, 1908, under
the laws of Ohio; capital, $12,000. Incorporators: Edward J.
Hobday, Eugene Quigley, Frederick A. Whittemore, E. M. Land-
phair and William J. Wilson. Location of business, Cleveland,
Ohio.

Automobile Tire Co., October 20, 1908; capital, $10,000. Di-
rectors: Edward C. Griffith and Mary T. Griffith, No. 1584
Broadway, and George L. Lewis, No. 42 Broadway, New York.

Preston Fabric Tire Co., October 16, 1908, under the laws of
New York; capital. $100,000. Directors: Christian Wesp, Mor-
ris R. Evans and James F. Preston— all of Buffalo. N. Y.

White Tire Co., October i6, 1908, under the laws of New
York ; capital, $250,000. Incorporators : L. L. Stein, L. L. Dob-
lin and N. Coleman, New York city, and E. P. White, Chicago.

Maumee Rubber Co., September 30, 1908, under the laws of
Ohio ; capital authorized, $25,000. Incorporators : William H.
McClellan, Jr., Conrad Weil, Stella M. Hughes, Fannie E. Tur-
ner, and William R. Hodge. To conduct a retail rubber goods
store at Toledo, Ohio, with Albert E. Wentz, manager.

Hygrade Rubber Bicycle and Automobile Supply Co., October
17, 1908, under the laws of New York; capital, $10,000. Di-
rectors : Arthur W. Rood, Troy, N. Y. ; Percy B. Whitmore and
George M. Post, New York city. Location of business, Troy.

The Rickert Rubber Co., October 9, 1908, under the laws of
Ohio ; capital, $20,000. Incorporators : Thomas Rodgers, George
W. Williams, Edward P. Rickert, W. L. White and John G.
Rhonehouse. Location of business, Cleveland, Ohio.

Sectional Rubber Tire Co., August 24, 1908, under the laws of
Massachusetts; capital, $50,000. Incorporators: Frank E. Hall,
WoUaston, Mass.; Albert H. Gushing (treasurer), Brookline,
Mass.; Warren T. Simpson (clerk), South Weymouth, Mass.

The Bayne-Subers Tire and Rubber Co. (Cleveland, Ohio), a
new concern mentioned already in these pages, have filed a
certificate of increase of their authorized capital from $5,000 to
$100,000 in view of a projected increase in the scope of their
business.

TRADE NEWS NOTES.

The report of Mr. Lucius C. Ryce, receiver of the Seward
Rubber Co. (Berlin, Connecticut), accepted by the superior
court at Hartford on October 16, shows that a 50 per cent, divi-
dend has been paid to schedule A creditors, amounting to
$11,451.69, and a small amount to schedule B creditors. The
balance in hand will permit a final dividend of a few cents on
the dollar.

The National India Rubber Co. (Bristol, Rhode Island) are
reported to be in receipt of good orders for rubber shoes and
of tennis goods — the production of which began on October
19 — together with increased work in the insulated wire and
other departments.

The steamer Ccarcnse, which arrived at New York from
Para on October g, brought 1,798 cases of rubber, worth at pre-
vailing prices, considerably more than $1,000,000, or more than
double the value of the average cargo brought in by transatlantic
liners.

The dismantling of the plant of Milford Rubber Co. (Mil-
ford, Massachusetts), the closing of which has been mentioned
already in these columns, has now been practically completed,
the outfit having been disposed of to several other rubber manu-
facturing concerns.

The Fisk Rubber Co. (Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts) have
called to their offices Mr. George A. Campbell, for some years
their local manager in Boston, and Mr. Fred H. Ayers, for-
merly associated with Mr. Campbell, has been appointed Bos-
ton manager.

The factory of The B. F. Goodrich Co. (Akron, Ohio) has
lately been employed 23 out of 24 hours of the day, in order
to keep up with the orders received for their product.

The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio) have re-
moved their Boston branch from No. 9 Park square to No. 145
Columbus avenue. Mr. T. J. Glenn remains branch manager at
Boston.

Mr. Otis R. Cook, who has become general manager of the
tire department of the Federal Rubber Co. (Cudahy, Wisconsin),
had filled a similar position for two j-ears previously with the
Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), following a con-
nection of 12 years with The B. F. Goodrich Co. Mr. Osborne
S. Tweedy, formerly in the employ of The Diamond Rubber
Co., will be associated with Mr. Cook as manager of tire sales.

The Federal Rubber Co. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin) are making
automobile tire covers of the regular G. & J. type.

78

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

EX-GOVERNOR BOURNS BIRTHDAY.

On the evening of October i, ex-Governor Augustus O. Bourn,
of Rhode Island, gave his customary birthday dinner. For many
years it has been a custom for the ex-Governor to gather around
his table a few of his friends. Several members of his staff who
served him faithfully when he was governor, joined in wishing
his health, as also did his two sons, Augustus O. Bourn, Jr., and
Stephen Bourn, who are associated with him in business. The
dinner was a typical Italian dinner, such as the governor was
accustomed to give in Italy when he entertained officially while
residing in Rome as consul-general.

PERSONAL MENTION.

Ur. Frank Pegler, the head of the long established Northern
Rubber Co., of Retford, Nottingham, England, has been a visitor
recently to United States. Mr. Pegler has been a member of the
general committee of the India-Rubber Manufacturers' Asso-
ciation of Great Britain since the beginning of that organization,
and served as chairman of the association for the year 1904. Mr.
Pegler was in attendance at the recent International Rubber
Exhibition at Olympia, where his company made an interesting
display.

Mr. Ernest E. Buckleton, manager of the Northwestern Rubber
Co., Limited, Litherland, Liverpool, has been making a visit
on business to United States, going as far west as Akron, Ohio.

]\Ir. Henry C. Pearson, Editor of The India Rubber World,
who was lately in attendance at the International Rubber Exhi-
bition at Olympia, London, sailed for America on October 29.
Mr. Wilfred A. Joubert, for some years identified with the
balata interest in Dutch Guiana, on which he wrote at length in
The India Rubber World, is now manager for the United
States Banana Co., at Salto del Agua, Mexico.

Mr. A. T. Hopkins, superintendent of the Boston Woven Hose
and Rubber Co., is on the list of lecturers upon "Problems of a
Livelihood," to be delivered this season before the Young Men's
Association at Cambridge, Mass.

TRADE NEWS NOTES.

The American Circular Loom Co., one of whose plants was
destroyed by the great fire at Chelsea, Massachusetts, a few
months ago, announce that their new factory at North Cam-
bridge, Mass., is now ready and equipped throughout with
modern and improved machinery for the manufacture of their
"Circular Loom" product for electrical wiring purposes.

Recent heavy rains in the vicinity of Plymouth, Massachu-
setts, led to considerable damage by high water. At the Chil-
tonville factory of the Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co.
the brick wall of a new addition to the plant in progress of
construction was undermined, causing a loss of several thou-
sand dollars.

Charles E. Miller, No. 1829 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, Ohio,
will distribute "Continental" tires and demountable rims for
that city and its vicinity.

O'Sullivan Rubber Co. (Lowell, Massachusetts), state that
rubber heels made by them were worn by John J. Hayes in win-
ning the Marathon race in London — one of the most notable of
modern international athletic contests.

A petition in bankruptcy has been filed against the Baker
Motor Vehicle Co., of New York, by counsel for three creditors,
including a tire manufacturing company. James N. Rosenberg
has been appointed receiver, with authority to continue the
business for the present. The company was incorporated in
.\ugust, 1907, to act as New York agents for the Baker Motor
Vehicle Co., of Cleveland, Ohio.

T. Martin & Brother Manufacturing Co. (Chelsea, Massa-
chusetts) have commenced the erection of an addition to their
elastic fabric factory — brick and concrete, 60 x 100 feet.

The Apsley Rubber Co. (Hudson, Massachusetts), since the first
of the past month, have been running their factory full time and
full ticket.

TRADE NEWS NOTES.

The Fisk Rubber Co. (Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts), on ac-
count of increased business, have found it necessary to secure
larger quarters in Minneapolis, Kansas City and Seattle. In
each of these cities they have completed arrangements for the
erection of new buildings, designed to be ready for occupancy
before the end of the year.

The Lycoming Rubber Co. (Williamsport, Pennsylvania) on
September 25 completed the first quarter century of their his-
tory. It is stated that the Lycoming company to-day include
among their customers several jobbers who started to handle
their goods 25 years ago.

The Imperial Rubber Manufacturing Co. (Canton, Ohio), who
have specialized in seamless goods in the past, have added to
their output of druggists' sundries a line of seamed syringes
and water bottles.

A petition in bankruptcy has been filed against Charles A.
Duerr & Co. (corporation), selling agents for automobiles at
No. 2182 Broadway, New York, by an attorney for three creditors
in the tire trade. Lindsay Russell has been appointed receiver.
The corporation was formed in May, 1903, with $5,000 capital, in-
creased later to $30,000 capital. The liabilities have been re-
ferred to as about $100,000, with much smaller assets.

GOODYEAR TIRES ON THE PACIFIC COAST.

The W. D. Newerf Rubber Co. (Los Angeles, California)
have largely increased the scope of their business, now having
the agency for the tires of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.
for all territory west of the Rocky mountains, and also British
Columbia. In addition to their main establishment at No. 932
South Main street, Los Angeles, they have a branch house at
No. 506 Golden Gate avenue, San Francisco, and also agencies
at Portland, Seattle, Fresno, Bakersfield, San Jose and San
Diego, and more agencies are to be placed at important towns '
between Vancouver and San Diego.

"CONTINENTALS" TO WITHDRAW FROM LOCAL RACING.

Manager Gilbert, of the Continental Caoutchouc Co. (New
York), states that the numerous races held these times so greatly
interrupt their regular routine work that they are compelled to
withdraw their support from the sport. Mr. Gilbert states that
in every race they have taken twice as many cars as expected
owing to their fine facilities for racing and the reputation of
"Continentals." In the large races, like Savannah, they cannot
very well withdraw as customers of long standing demand their
service.

The Diamond Rubber Co.'s New Boston Branch.

[Nos. 219-223 Columbus avenue.]

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

79

THE COTTON GOODS MARKET.

■ I 'HE season's contracts for hose and belting duck have been
•*• consummated at prices much lower than those of last season.
From what can be learned at this time, it would seem as though
the demand for the coming season will be extensive. The rub-
ber shoe trade have contracted for a sufficient quantity of
fabric to carry them well into next season.

The manufacturers of automobile tires have had an exceed-
ingly prosperous season, and in anticipation of greatly increased
business for next year have contracted ahead for Sea Island
and Egyptian fabrics. The expected demand for the coming
season will probably render the supply inadequate.

Indications from what must be regarded as a competent
source foreshadow higher prices and smaller crops. It is claimed
that 75 per cent, of the yield for 1908 has already been gathered
in four Southern states, and that the supply from the present
outlook will hardly equal the call. The quality of this season's
offerings are said to be superior to those of last season.

Speculative cotton is active, as prices are sufficiently low to
stimulate vigorous trading. In the event of expected increased
post-election rubber business, it is very probable that orders
largely in excess of those covered by contract will be placed
long before the expiration of the contract period.

The demand for cotton for New England mills has been
larger of late than for many months past.

Review of the Crude Rubber Market.

BKGINNING early in the past monlh, there has been a
steady advance in prices, extending to practically every
grade on the New York market. There have been rumors
of "short sales" in England, particularly of Para grades, with
the usual concomitant of stiffcr prices at settling time. The
statistical position of rubber, however, would seem to point to
a higher normal price level than has prevailed for some time
past, especially as the trade looks forward to increased activity
of the rubber factories in the near future as a necessity. Manu-
facturers have not been active buyers at the advanced prices,
orders coming principally from the class who do not keep large
stocks at factory, and are therefore obliged to buy constantly
to cover their requirements.

The monthly inscription sale at Antwerp took place on Oct.iber
20, when most of the 540 tons offeTed found buyers at an ad-
vance reported as averaging 90 centimes per kilogram, or nearly
8 cents per pound.

Arrivals at Para during October (up to the 28th) amounted
all told to 3.100 tons, against 3,200 tons for the whole of October
last year. Arrivals for the crop year have been 8,655 tons, against
8,480 tons for the same months in 1908, 8,630 tons in 1907, and
8.530 tons in 1906.

The decline in the price of Brazilian rubber durini> the past
year has had a depressing effect upon the revenues of the rub-
ber producing states, all of which levy an ad valorem export
duty on the product. There are no exact figures as to the
effect on the regularly organized states, but returns have been
published for the Federal district of the Acre, which show the
revenue from rubljer for the first quarter of 1908 to have
been only 4,226,274 milreis, against 6,408,962 for the first quarter
of 1907 — a decline of 34 per cent. The smaller sum named
here, converting the milreis at 15 per cent., equals $1,288,708,
gold.

Following are the quotations of New York for Para grades one
year ago, one month ago, and October 30 — the current date :

P.\R.^. Nov. I, '07. Oct. I, '08. Oct. 30.

Islands, fine, new 91® 92 94@ 95 I03@io4

Islands, fine, old none here none here 108

Upriver, fine, new 99(0)100 I02fa!i03 i09@iio

Uprivcr, fine, old 105^106 io6(a}ioy ii2(ajii3

Islands, coarse, new 56^f7i 57 46@ 47 53!4@ 54

Islands, coarse, old none liere none here 60

Upriver, coarse, new .... 84® 85 72® yz 83® 84

Uprivcr, coarse, old none here 74® 75 none here

Cameta, coarse 52® 53 55® 56

Caucho (Peruvian), sheet. 62® 63 53® 54 59® 60

Caucho (Peruvian), ball.. 80® 81 63® 64 77® 78
Ceylon (plantation), fine,

sheet Ii3@ii4 ios®io6 Ii8@ii9

African.

Sierra Leone, ist qual- Lopori ball, prime . . . .9i@92

ity 87®88 Lopori strip, prime. .. .76®77

Massi, red S-'f/SS Madagascar, pinky ....77®78

Benguella, red 47@48 Ikelemba none here

Accra,, flake i9®20 Soudan niggers 58@59

Cameroon ball 53@S4

Centrals.

Esmeralda, sausage 69@7o Mexican, scrap 69@70

Guayaquil, strip 54®SS Mexican, slab S3@54

Nicaragua, scrap 69®7o Mangabeira, sheet 43@44

Panama S3@S4 Guayule 30®3i

East Indian.

Assam _ 86®87 Borneo 27@34

Late Para cables quote :

Per Kilo. Per Kilo.

Islands, fine 4$9O0 Upriver, fine 6$20O

Islands, coarse 2$20O Upriver, coarse 4$2oo

Exchange izy/22d.

Latest Manaos advices :

Upriver, fine 6$2oo

Upriver, coarse 4$200 Exchange 15 y/z^d.

Statistics of Para Rubber {Excluding Caucho).

New York.
Fine and Total Total Total

Medium. Coarse. 1908. 1907. 1906.

Stocks, August 31 tons 86 43= 129 240 147

-Arrivals, September 732 434= 1 166 593 723

Aggregating 818 477 = 1295 833 870

Deliveries, September 770 446= 1216 660 777

Stocks, September 30...

31:

93

79 173
Para. England.

1908. 1907. 1906. 1908. 1907. 1906.

Stocks, .August 31 ions 305 290 376 375 625 790

Arrivals, September 2100 2230 1565 710 600 460

Aggregating 2405

Deliveries, September 1965

Stocks, September 30.

2520
1948

1941
1491

108s
800

1225
675

440

1250
550

700

1906.

1876

286s

485

218

415

2 450 28s 550
1908. 1907.

World's visible supply, .September t,o. . . Jons 1831 2383

Para receipts, July I to September 30 4870 4720

Para receipts of Caucho, same dates 840 610

.-Afloat from Para to United States, Sept, 30. . 1060 383

.''ifloat from Para to Europe, Sept. 30 920 705

London Auctions,

OcTOjiEU 2. — At to-day's auction about 34^/2 tons Straits and
19 tons Ceylon plantation were offered and for the most part
sold. This rubber was in good demand and sold well, generally
at higher prices. Rosehaugh crepe sold up to 4s. 8'/id. [^:$i.i4],
and 5 cases Warriapolla biscuits at 4^. iid. [=$1,192-3]. Fine
hard Para brought 4s. 3;/. d. [=$1.04}/^] per pound.

October 16. — About 35 tons Straits rubber and yYz tons Cey-
lon were offered at to-day's auctions and practically all sold,
with good competition. The average price for sheets and bis-
cuits was 4s. Slid. [=$1,143/2] ; crepes met a good demand and
very fine lots realized up to 5s. [=:$l.2i 2-3] ; brown and dark
sold well ; scrap also a little dearer. Fine Para sold up to 4s.
SY,d. [=$1.08/2].

80

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

In regard to the financial situation, Albert B. Beers (.broker in
crude rubber and commercial paper, No. 68 William street) ad-
vises :

"While there is no special change in general money market
conditions since my report for September, and rubber paper is
still selling at 45^@5 per cent, for the best names and S}^@6 per
cent, for those not so well known, there is rather less demand,
as some banks are dropping out of the market, and a tendency
towards firmer rates."

New York Prices for September (New Rubber).

igoS. 1907. 1906.

Upriver, fine 96 — 1.03 1.06 — 1. 10 1.22 — 1.24

Upriver, coarse 69 — .73 .88 — .90 .92 — .94

Islands, fine 90 — .96 .99 — 1.05 1. 18 — 1.20

Islands, coarse 44 — -48 .58 — .60 .66 — .69

Cameta 51 — .53 .62 — .66 .68 — .70

Rubber Receipt* at Manaos.

During September and three months of the crop season for
three years [courtesy of Messrs. Scholz & Co.] :

, September. , , — July-September. — \

From 1908. 1907. 1906. X908. 1907. 1906.

Rio Purus-Acre. . . .(oni 698 447 202 1,402 I,IS5 987

Rio Madeira 280 358 370 871 840 904

Rio Jurua 269 187 173 418 309 328

Rio Javary-Iquitos. . : . . 264 278 392 428 526 541

Rio Solimoes 51 113 54 loi 186 116

Rio Xegro ... 4 ... i 4

Total 1,562 1,383 1,195 3.220 3,017 2,880

Caucho 209 229 238 628 562 47S

Total 1,771 1,612 1,433 3.848 3.579 3.355

Liverpool,

WiLLi.^M Weight & Co. report [October i] :

Fine Para. — There has been a strong demand at generally advancing
prices throughout the month, and values at the close are fully 3d. per pound
dearer. America has again taken a considerable quantity from this market,
and seems likely to take a still further quantity, and with small available
supplies in the near future, added to the fact that European manufacturers,
generally speaking, are short of stock, a further advance in values seems
inevitable: later on, of course, with increased receipts prices will doubtless
react, but not to any great extent, as there is a strong undercurrent of
buying strength, and to-day anything offering under 4^. per pound would
find eager buyers in quantity for any position. Closing value, Upriver
AS. 3'/id. [= $1,045^].

Edmund Schluter & Co. report [September 30] :

Para grades have been in good demand throughout the month, and prices
have gradually advanced. The opinion expressed in our last circular that
prices of near delivery rubber might advance was correct, but the easier
tendency for the more distant positions has not made itself felt yet. The

demand at present exceeds the previous estimates of requirements based on
manufacturers' advices who reported poor business in Europe, and only
moderately good in America. With increased requirements the chances of
much of a reaction in prices becomes smaller; at the same time crop reports
continue favorable, and at one time or other must tell on the markets —
possibly in the not remote future.

The World's Visible Supply of P.\r.\, September 30.
1908. 1907. 1906. 1905. 1904.

Tons 3269 3276 2361 2302 1719

Prices, hard fine. 4/3}^ 4/4J4 5/1 5/6 4/9J.4

1903.

1870

4/8

Antwerp.

Rubber Statistics for September.

Details.
Stocks, August 31 .kilos
Arrivals, in September

Congo sorts

Other sorts

Aggregating 1,063,938 1,303,403 1,005,645

Sales in September... 409,777 584,398 438,962

1908.

1907.

1906.

1905.

1904.

874.514

740,514

686,867

558,202

602,495

189,424

562,889

318,778

339,575

772,200

142,743

490,090

259,072

240,891

632,293

46,681

72.799

59.706

98,684

139.907

897.777
331.042

1.374.695
570,213

Stocks, September 30. 654,161 719,005 566,683 566,735 804,48a

Arrivals since Jan. 1. 3,663,163

Congo sorts 3.095,954

Other sorts 567,209

Sales since Jan. i .

4.064,354

3.476.334

588,020

4.252. 505

3.257.915

994.590

4,059.248

3. 152. 184

907,064

4.481,821

3.701.549

780,271

4,015,896 4,003,533 4,421,009 4,033,874 4,288,239

IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK.

\_The Figures Indicate Weights in Pounds.}
October 9. — By the steamer Cearense, from Manaos and Para:
Importers. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho.

A. T. Morse & Co 159,600

22,300
27,300
22,600
:2,9oo

100 =

8,200 =

1,000
S.ooo

1.300 =
5,300 —

General Rubber Co 82,200

New York Commercial Co. 73,900

Poel & Arnold 49,600

Hagemeyer & Brunn 38,900

Edmund Reeks & Co 44.300

C. P. dos Santos 15,000

William E. Peck & Co 4.300

Thomsen & Co 200 200 200 1,600 ^=

Total 468,000 91,300 438,100 i6,6oo=: 1,014,000

Octoher 23. — By the steamer Cuthbert, from Manaos and Para:

New York Commercial Co. 467,300 93,800 iog,6oo 43,200 =

Coarse.
72,000
99,500
71,700
48,100
64,700
27,100
45.500
9.300
200

Total.

253,900

209,100

176,400

110,700

103,600

73.700

70,800

13.600

2,200

A. T. Morse & Co

Poel & Arnold

(^neral Rubber Co

Hagemeyer & Brunn

C. P. dos Santos

Edmund Reeks & Co

William E. Peck & Co

G. Amsinck & Co

L. Johnson & Co

124.300
172,000
50,000
52,700
67.400
22,200
21,400
13.700
20,800

41,400

16,700

6,200

1.300

11,200

4,600

1,800
2,500

Manaos

109,600

166,600

65,600

70,500

64,500

5.900

33.000

27,100

800

2,800

600 =

1,100 —
1,100 =

713.900

332.300

254,300

127,300

118,500

84,800

59.800

48,500

17,400

27,200

Total 1,011,800 179,500 546,400 46,300— 1,784,000

PARA RUBBER VIA EUROPE.

Pounds.

Sept. 25. — By the CarnwiHia^Liverpool;
New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 25,000

Poel & Arnold (Fine) 20,000

Poel & Arnold (Coarse) 3,000

Poel & Arnold (Caucho) 22,500

General Rubber Co. (Fine) 4,500 75. 000

Sept. 26. — By the W^a/d^r.see=Hamburg:
W. L. Gough Co. (Fine) 4,500

Sept. 26. — By the Cam/'a«Jo= Liverpool:

General Rubber Co. (Fine) 22,500

Muller, Schall & Co. (Coarse)... 11,500

Poel & Arnold (Caucho) 56,000 90,000

Sept. 30. — By the Prest. LiMco/n=;Hamburg:
Livesey & Co. (Coarse) i3,5oo

Oct. 1. — By the C/mi>ria= Liverpool:
Poel & Arnold (Caucho) 128,000

Oct. 1. — By the C/ticag^ = Havre:
New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 11,000

Poel & Arnold (Caucho) 56,000

New York Comcl. Co. (Caucho) . 3.500 70.500

Oct. 3. — By the Lucania = Liverpool:

General Rubber Co. (Fine) 65,000

General Rubber Co. (Coarse)... 11,000 76,000

Oct. 3. — By the Cetinc = Liverpool:
Poel & Arnold (Fine) 33-500

Oct. 7. — By the Prest. Gra«(=Hamburg:
W. L. Gough Co. (Fine) 15.000

Oct. 8. — By the Caronta = Liverpool:

General Rubber Co. (Fine) 135,000

New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 7.000 142,000

Oct. 9. — By the 7"o;o»io^0rinoco:
American Trading Co. (Fine)... 20,000
American Trading Co. (Coarse).. S.ooo
For Europe (Fine) 55.ooo 80,000

Oct. 15. — By the 0«(2H»c=London:
Poel & Arnold (Coarse) 11,000

Oct. 16. — By the A/aurefania=Liverpool:
New York Commercial Co. (Caucho) 40,000

Oct. 17. — By the CW*»c==Liverpool:
General Rubber Co. (Fine) 56,000

OTHER NEW YORK ARRIVALS.

CENTRALS.

Pounds.

Sept. 25. — By the MansaniV^o = Tampico:

New York Commercial Co *i45,ooo

Edward Maurer "145,000 "290, 000

Sept. 26. — By the Eithel Frederic h= Colombia.:

Kunhardt & Co 4,000

Fidangue Bros. & Co 1.500

Eggers & Heinlein 1,000 6,500

Sept. 26. — By the Monterey ^FTonieTz:

Harburger & Stack 2,500

Strube & LUtzeo 2,500

American Trading Co 2,500

Pedro Tremance 2,500

E. N. Tibbals Co 1,000 11,000

Sept. 26. — By the ,^cr^=Pernambuco:

A. D. Hitch & Co 9.000

Frame & Co 2,000 11,000

Sept. 29. — By the Co/oh = Colon:

Gv Amsinck & Co 4,000

I. Brandon & Bros 4,000

W. R. Grace & Co 1,000

A. T. Morse & Co 1,000

De Sola & Pardo 500

Scholtz & Marturet 500 11,000

Sept. 30. — By the 5ar»n'a = Colon :

A. Santos & Co 11,000

New York Commercial Co 6,000

L. Johnson & Co 1,500

.\. M. Capens Sons 1.500

G. Amsinck & Co 1,000

Mecke & Co 1,000 22,000

Sept. 30. — By El Norte = Galveston:
'^ontinental-Mexican Rubber Co.. *55,ooo
Edward Maurer '22,500 '77.500

Oct. I. — By the Atrats^Colon:

New York Commercial Co 7.S00

Maldonado & Co 1,500

G. Amsinck & Co i.soo

Eggers & Heinlein 1,000 11,500

Oct. 3. — By the Luccnia = Liverpool:
Rubber Import Co 40,000

Oct. 3. — By the iWen^/a =Frontera:

E. Steiger & Co 3,000

Harburger & Stack 1,000 4,000

Oct. 3. — By the Bayamo := Tampico :

Edward Maurer *7o,ooo

Poel & Arnold "22,500 *92,500

Oct. 5. — By the F»n/aMd = Antwerp:
Poel & Arnold •22,500

Oct. 7. — By the Advance ^Co]on:

L. Johnson & Co 13.S00

Hirzel, Feltman & Co 4,000

G. Amsinck & Co 3.5oo

Meyer Hecht 1,500

Roldan & Van Sickle 1,500

Pablo Calvet Co 1.000 25,000

Oct. 8. — By the Afa;Vjftc = London:

Edward Maurer "22,500

H. Marquardt & Co "9,000 "31.500

Oct. 8. — By the Prins Willem = Colon:

A. Santos & Co 3.000

A. Rosenthal's Sons 2,500

New York Commercial Co 2,500

L. Johnson S: Co 1.500

American Trading Co 1.500

G. Amsinck & Co 1,000

Suzarte & Whitney 500 12,500

Oct. 8.— By El 5"i>/o = Galveston:
Continental-Mexican Rubber Co '55,000

Oct. 8.— By the Verdi^Bahia:

Poel & Arnold 89,000

New York Commercial Co 22,500

T. H. Rossback & Bros 11,000

A. Hirsch & Co 7,000

Muller, Schall & Co 1,000 130,500

Oct. 9. — By the Sigismund^= Colombia:

G. Amsinck & Co 3,ooo

Kunhardt & Co 2,500

Mecke & Co 2.000

T. Brandon & Bros i,5oo

Schloss Brothers i.soo 10,500

November i, 1908.]

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

RUBBER FLUX

81

"N

No. 17. Particularly adapted to softening
material for tubing machine. Almost univer-
sally used for waterproofing wire.

WRITE FOR PRICES

No. 48. For fluxing pigments in compound-
ing. A valuable adjunct to the manufacture of
moulded goods as it DOES NOT BLOW UNDER CURE.

SlteMccfiu^^etbC6emicaC6o.,91^^

WAL POLE RUBBER WORKS _

WALPOLEVAHNISH WORHS_

LLiaRIC 1N5UUT10N LABORATORT

.J

WE ARE OFFERING SCRAP RUBBER

AT LOW PRICES

Theodore Hotelier & Company Z;^

BUFFALO, N. Y.

WE SOLICIT YOUR INQUIRIES

Rubber

>o't arid

IN/I a n u -f a c? -t u r 4

•I Would you like to prevent the cracking of your rubbers?

•1 Our MALTHA HYDRO-CARBON retains its pliability at zero weather.

^ Drop us a line, and with pleasure we'll send you a working sample gratis.

IVIERIOiEVIM >A/A.X COIVI

IMV, 165 Summer St., Bos-ton, IVIass.

THE MOST TALKED OF

CHEMICAL IN THE

RUBBER TRADE

Write for Leaflet
American VulcoleCo., 16lBuDimerSt., Boston, Mass.

VLLCOLC

OMAFRL.E

NA/I

OIM

MEXICAN (Guayule) RUBBER

I invite inquiries from manufacturers on this rubber. Being the direct
representative of large producers, I am in position to quote on various
qualities for immediate and future delivery.

Tele^rapKic Address,
••CRUDE.RUB"

Office,

46 Cortlandt Street,

NEW YORK CITY

Mention The India Rubber World when you write.

82

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i, 1908.

QUAYULE

WHEN PROPERLY CURED AND MIXED WITH OTHER COMPOUNDS

IS THE CHEAPEST RUBBER ON THE MARKET

There is As Much Difference Between the Various Brands of Guayule

as Between Fine Para and Shoddy

Guayule made from old, sun exposed shrub is dead, dirty and sticky, and no amount
of washing will make it clean, while rubber made from freshly cut, selected shrub, has life,
low percentage of resin and is practically clean.

OUR

PARRA^

BRAND

has been on the market for several years and is known to be the best Guayule made
as to life, strength, purity and low percentage of resin.

There is a large demand for a specially prepared Guayule, dry and ready for use,
which we have met in

OUR

BRAND

As this rubber is made exclusively from our high grade "Parra" Guayule, uniformity
and absolute purity is guaranteed. No mixing in of cheap compounds to bring down the
price. Durango rubber is nothing but Parra brand pure Guayule prepared so that anybody
can use it.

CONTRACTS MADE FOR REGULAR MONTHLY
OR WEEKLY DELIVERIES

For Samples and Quotations apply to

ED. NAURER

97 Water St., NEW YORK

Sole Representative of the MADERO interests in Mexico,

largest owners of Guayule

Mention The India Rubber World when yon write.

November i, 1908.I

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

83

Oct. 9. — By the Tojomo=Bo\iva.T:
G. Amsinck & Co 7,000

Oct. 9. — By the AIlianca= Colon:

Carvalhos & Co 5,000

L Brandon & Bros 2,000

W. R. Grace & Co 5,000 12,000

Oct. 10. — By the Morro Castle = Vcr2i Cruz:

H. Marquardt & Co 2,000

American Trading Co 1,500

L. N. Chcncdiin & Co 1,000

E. Steigcr & Co 500 S.ooo

Oct. 12. — By the St. Louis=Lox\don:

W. L. Gough Co 5.500

Poel & Arnold 3.500 9,000

Oct. 12. — By the y«mHri = Tampico:

Edward Maurer • 135,000

New Vork Commercial Co •110,000 "245,000

Oct. 13. — By the Z c eh nd= Antwerp:
Pot'i & Arnold •22,500

Oct. 13. — By El i?ia='Galveston:
Continental-Mexican Rubber Co *55,ooo

Oct. 14. — By the ^u^a=^Maracaibo:

R. dc Gallcgo & Co 2,500

G. Amsinck & Co 1,500 .4,000

Oct. 14.— By the 5i6irifl = Colon:

New Vork Commercial Co 10,000

G. Amsinck & Co 3,000

Egeers & Heinlein 2,500

I. Brandon & Bros i.soo

Suzartc & Whitney 500 i7»Soo

Oct. 15.— By El Vallc=Ga\vcston:
Continental-Mexican Rubber Co.. •45,000
Mercer Rubber Co *2,5oo *47,50o

Oct. 15. — By the i^Mia«cf = Colon:

G. Amsinck & Co 1,000

Smithers-Nordenholt Co 1,000

Bartling & De Leon 500 8,000

Oct. 17. — B)^ the iV/(r^ico = Frontera:

Harburgcr & Stack 1,500

E. Stcigcr & Co 1,500

General Export & Commission Co. 1,000
Graham, Hinkley & Co 1,000 5,000

Oct. 20. — By El A'orfc = Galveston:
Continental- Mexican Rubber Co. 55,000
Edward Maurer 22,000 "77,000

Oct. 21. — By the Prins Joachem^Colon:

A. Rosenthal's Sons 2,500

A. N. Rotholz 1,000

Brandon & Bros 1,000 4,500

Oct. 21. — By Ei Ci(i=:Galveston:
Continental-Mexican Rubber Co *S5,ooo

•This sign, in connection with imports of Cen-
trals, denotes Guayule rubber.

AFRICANS.

Pounds.

Sept. 24. — By the 7'«i/o«ic = Liverpool:
General Rubber Co 33. 500

Sept. 25. — By the Ba/(ic = Lisbon:
General Rubber Co 115,000

Sept. 25. — By the Cor)H(3Hia = Liverpool:

Livesey & Co 11,500

General Rubber Co 7,000

Poc! & Arnold 9.000 27,500

Sept. 26. — By the IValdcrsee ^^^Hamhuvg:

Poel & Arnold 32,000

General Rubber Co 9,000

Gcorgt A. Alden & Co 7,000

A. T. Morse & Co 5,000

W. L. Gough Co 3.500 56.S00

Sept. 26. — By the Cawi/JaHMi^Liverpool:

A. T. Morse & Co 9.000

Muller, Schall & Co 5ooo

Robinson & Co 3.000 17.500

Sept. 26. — By the Am€rika==Hamb\irg:
General Rubber Co 11,500

Sept. 28.— By the St. Paul = London:

Poel & Arnold 20,000

Livesey & Co 9,000 29,000

Sept. 28. — By the f^arfer/a«rf = Antwerp:
Joseph Cantor 9,000

Sept. 29. — By the CAicago = Havre:
.\. T. Morse & Co 11,500

Sept. 30. — By the Frest. I.ihco/k = Hamburg:

A. T. Morse & Co 11,000

Poel & Arnold 5,000 16,000

Oct. I. — Bv the Adriatic = Bordeaux.:
General Rubber Co 27,000

Oct. I. — By the f/mfrria = Liverpool:

Peel & Arnold 11,000

Livesey & Co 3.500 14,500

Oct. 3. — By the Cfdr{c = Liverpool:

General Rubber Co 56,000

A. T. Morse & Co 5.500 61,500

Oct. 3-— l^y the Lwt*ania= Liverpool:

Muller, Schall & Co 15,000

(itorge A. .Mdcn & Co 11,000

Joseph Cantor 5,000 31,000

Oct. s, — By the Fi»/oiid^=Antwerp:

George A. Alden & Co 102,000

Poel & Arnold 19,000

Rubber Trading Co 3. 500 124,500

Oct. 7. — By the President Gra»i(=:Hamburg:

George A. Alden Co 25,000

A. T. Morse & Co 19,000

Muller, Schall & Co 2,000 46,000

Oct. 8. — By the Caro«ta=Liverpool:

George A. Alden & Co 22,500

A. T. Morse & Co 9,000

Muller, Schall & Co 11,500

W. L. Gough Co 5,500 48,500

Oct. 9. — By the Ca/i/orHia = Bordeaux:

General Rubber Co 35,000

Robinson & Co S.soo 40,500

Oct. 12. — By the .S"*. Z.(7Mij = London:
General Rubber Co •. 22,500

Oct. 13. — By the 2eeland = Antwerp :

.\. T. Morse & Co 56,000

Poel & Arnold 67,500

Joseph Cantor 1 1,500

Rubber Trading Co 13,500 148,500

Oct. 15. — By the Occ(j(iic= London:

Livesey & Co 11,000

Robinson &• Co 4.500 15,500

Oct. 17.— By the /^^Ktij^/x/a«KZ7=Hamburg:

Poel & Arnold 33i5oo

General Rubber Co 7,000

George A. Alden & Co 2,500 43,000

Oct. 17.^ By the Ce/dV^Liverpool :

GcovLH- A. Alflen & Co 11,500

A. T. Morse & Co 7.000

H. A. Gould Co 3,500 22,000

Oct. 20. — By the Kroo-nland= Antwerp:
A. T. Morse & Co 38,000

EAST INDIAN.

Pounds.

Sept. 28.-^ By the Minnetonka^^ London:

\. T. Morse & Co "20,000

General Rubber Co *ii,ooo

Robinson & Co 15,000

Rubber Trailing Co *5,ooo 51,000

Oct. 3. — By the New KorA^London:
A. T. Morse & Co "6,500

Oct. 6. — By the ilfejflbo=: London:
Rubbt-r Trading Co *9,ooo

Oct. 12. — By the A/m«Wi(i/ia = London:

Muller, Schall & Co 7,000

Koliinson & Co "4,500 11 1500

Oct. 14. — By the Ho/ieHfe/j=Colombo:
A. T. Morse & Co *22,soo

Oct. 19. — By the Philadelphia — Ijondon:

A. T. Morse & Co *5.5oo

Poel & Arnold '6,500 •12,000

Oct. 19. — By the 5c/iM3j//ji7/ = Singapore:

Muller, Schall & Co 11,000

Otto Iseiistcin & Co 4.500 15,500

Oct. jo. — ^By the Minneapolis =^\Mndon:

A. T. Morse & Co "22,500

Muller, Schall & Co "2,500

(ieorge A. Alden & Co *2.5oo "27,5^0

"Denotes plantation rubber.

Gutta-Jelutong.

Oct. 16. — By the iVioM(ro« = Singapore:

Potl & Arnold 220,000

lleabler & Co 1 10,000 330,000

Oct. 19. — By the 5"cAH3'/At7/ = Singapore:

lleabler & Co 165,000

George A. Alden & Co 55, 000 220,000

GUTTA-PERCHA.

Pounds.
Oct. 16. — By the Mo«(r<?^c = Singapore:

Otto Isenstein & Co 15,000

Oct. 17. — By the Pennsylvania =^ll^mh\ir%:

Robert Soltau Co 7.S00

Oct. 19. — By the 5cAM3f/A:j// = Singapore:

lleabler & Co 22,500

(Jcorge A. Alden & Co 5,000 27,500

Balata.

Sept. 28. — By the GwidHOcrDemcrara:

(ieorge A. Alden & Co 1 1,500

Frame & Co S.SOo

Middleton & Co 5,000 22,000

Oct. 7. — By the 5Mri;ia»ir = Demerara:

George A. Alden & Co 9,000

Middleton & Co 4,500 13,500

Oct. 9. — By the 7o;oHio:=Btlivar:

G. Amsinck & Co 6,000

American Trading Co 5.500

For Europe 550,000 561,500

Oct. 12. — By the Korouo =^Demerara:
George A. Alden & Co 6,500

Oct. 20.— By the Coppenainc^Tiemerhvs.:
George A. Alden & Co 3.500

CUSTOM HOUSE STATISTICS.

PoKT OF New York — September.

Imports: Pounds. Values.

India-rubber 4.933.695 $2,898,738

Balata 1^5.545 53.8i4

Gutta-percha 8,272 4»790

Gutta-jelutong (Puntianak). 1,104.790 36,430

Total 6,172,302 $2,993,772

Exports :

India-rubber 53.849 $45»774

Reclaimed rubber 100,063 1 1.745

Rubber scrap imported 636,558 $52,159

BOSTON ARRIVALS.

Pounds.

3. — By the /iidrtijam6o=^ Singapore:
ubber Co.. East Indian... 2,500

& Co., Jelutong SS.ooo

OiU^h Co., Jelutong 20,000

A. Alden & Co., Jelutong. 130,000 207,500

26. — By the 5y/:-'aHia = Liverpool:

Arnold, 'Fine 22.500

Arnold, Africans 5,600 28,100

28. — By the i'ac/tcm^ Liverpool:
Arnold, Africans 11,500

Sep
State R
lleabler
W. L.
Geo r ere

Sept.
Poel &
Poel &

Sept.
Poel &

PARA EXPORTS OF INDIA-RUBBER, SEPTEMBER, 1908 (IN KILOGRAMS).

NEW YORK.

KXPORTERS. Fine.

Schradcr, Gruntr & Co 7,99o

Gordon & Co 75.584

J. Marques & Co 36,550

E. Pinto Alvcs & Co 38,760

Scholz, Hartjc & Co 30.192

AdcllK-rt H. .Alden 16,830

Pircs, Teixijira & Co 12,240

Dc Lagotcllefie & Co 7.140

Sundries .....

Itacoatiara, direct

Manaos, direct 321,749

Iquitos, direct

Total, September 547.035

Total, August 264,560

Total, July 303.465

edium.

Coarse.

3.400

29.370

9.494

116,365

3,060

40,920

1,700

46,200

7,780

23.27s

6,380

35.387

15,840

2,380

35,640

Caucho.

660

2.640

78,807 59.496 24.011

484,063

Total.

Fine.

Medium.

Coarse.

Caucho.

Total.

40,760

70.550

9,419

24,584

330

104,883

201,443

4,080

1,360

3.751

9.19'

81,190

42,160

4,930

28,050

75,140
68.290

86,660

44,200

24,090

61,247

73,230

6,901

5,940

86,071

64,070

56,006

13.260

11,880

81,146

28,080

20,400

9.5-0

29,970

47.800

3,870

279,687

74,330

4.950

3,125 1,521

42,932 87,584

21,000 107,085

1 1.^.00 I

402,493

32,784

1. 095.3 1 3

668.513

58,192

453.971

35,035

811.758

502.857

77.885

343.954

109,439

834.743

337.645

4.9SO
8,516
452,356
206,424

42.153
4.009

82.032 171.171 205.221 1.126,937
64.119 75,252 361.418 1,003.646
33,166 107,931 149.003 627,745

TOTAJL.

145.643

210.634

156.330

154,950

147,318

145.216

58.050

47.800

4.950

8,516

936,419

206,424

2,222,250
1.815,404
1.462.488

84

THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD

[November i. 1908.

PLANTING RESULTS IN SUMATRA.

5to-Pb«^

Vol. 39.

NOVEMBER 1. 1908.

No. 2.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE.

Editorial

Politics and Business 55

Rubber Planting to Date 55

The Taxi Cab Trust 56

Minor Editorial 56

The Uses of Gutta-Percha Tissue 57

Guayule in the United States 58

The India Rubber Interest in the East

M. Kelway Bamber 59
[With 8 Illustrations.]

Some Synthetic Rubbers I Have Met

Henry C. Pearson 62

The Late Theodore S. Bassett 64

[With a Portrait.]

The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain

Our Regular Correspondent 65
[The Exhibition at Olympia. Goloshes and Flint Roads. Liberian
Rubber Corporation. Bohemian Notes. Franco-British Exhi-
bition.]

Taxicabs in New York and Europe 68

Recent Patents Relating to Rubber 69

[United States. Great Britain. France.]

Miscellaneous:

Large Orders for Electrical Plant ." 58

Vulcanina 58

Rubber Interests in Europe 61

Rubber Supplies and Prospects 61

Fossilized Rubber Trees 61

Manchester and Boston 63

India-rubber Goods in Commerce 66

"Rubber Heels Bad for Thieves" 65

Netherlands Gutta-percha Co 67

Sandmann's Process for Latex 67

Visit of a Rubber E.\pert to Africa 67

New Trade Publications yz

The Cotton Goods Market 79

Planting Results in Sumatra 84

The International Rubber Exhibition 69

[With 7 Illustrations.]

The Continental Caoutchouc Works, at Hanover

Our British Correspondent 72
[With 2 Illustrations. J

New Goods in the Market 74

[With 5 Illustrations.]

News of the American Rubber Trade 76

[With an Illustration.]

The Trade at Akron Our Correspondent 67

The Trade at San Francisco Our Correspondent 73

Review of the Crude Rubber Market 79

Rubber Scrap Prices.

Late New York quotations — prices paid by consuiners for car-
load lots, per pound — show a slight advance, as compared with
last month :

Old rubber boots and shoes — domestic 8j/2@